2022-2023學(xué)年福建省泉州重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高二（下）期中英語(yǔ)試卷

第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages11頁(yè)2022-2023學(xué)年福建省泉州重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高二（下）期中英語(yǔ)試卷一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共30.0分）A閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Therearethreethingsyoucanwatchforever：news，videosandwater.Amongthem，waterisdefinitelysomethingnoonearguesabout，andtherearemanyunusualwaterattractionsthatyoucanfindaroundtheworld.

BangkokFloatingMarkets

Therearemanyfloatingmarketswheregoodsaresoldfromboats.Whilemodernmarketsaremorepopular，floatingmarketsarestillahugeattractionforlocaltourism.Anyvisitorscanpurchaselocalfoodsandtraditionalhandcrafted（手工的）souvenirs.Bargainingisapartoftheexperience.So，startlowandgetthepriceyouarereadytopay.

BregenzerFestspiele

TheBregenzFestivalisheldeveryyearfromJulytoAugustinVorarlberg.Ithastheworld'slargeststageonthewater.Theperformancesaredifferenteveryyearbuttheyareusuallyunitedbyonetheme.Thedecorationsareveryimpressiveandareworthseeing.

MarinaBayStadium

ThisstadiumwasbuiltasatemporarysolutionwhileSingaporeNationalStadiumwasbeingrebuilt.Thestadiumwasusedfortheopeningandclosingceremoniesduringthe2010SummerYouthOlympics.ItwasafloatingplatformwheretheFormulaOneGrandPrixeventwassuccessfullyheld.

ArchipelagoCinema

ArchipelagoCinemaisprobablyoneoftheworld'smostscenicopen-aircinemasthatfloatsinthemiddleofalake.ThecinemawasdesignedbyGermanarchitectOleScheeren，whobuiltitusingtechniquespopularamonglocalpeople.ThiscinemastagewasbuiltspeciallyforthefilmfestivalFilmontheRocksYaoNoi.1.WhatisspecialaboutBangkokFloatingMarkets？______A.Localfoodsarefreetotaste.

B.Visitorscanmakeboatsbythemselves.

C.Performancesonwaterareimpressivetosee.

D.Bargainingforagoodpriceisanexperience.2.WhichonewasusedforFormulaOneGrandPrixevent？______A.MarinaBayStadium. B.ArchipelagoCinema.

C.BregenzerFestspiele. D.BangkokFloatingMarkets.3.WhatdoMarinaBayStadiumandArchipelagoCinemahaveincommon？______A.Theybothholdceremonieseveryyear.

B.Theybothusedlocalbuildingtechniques.

C.Theybothprovidevisitorswithsportsevents.

D.Theywerebothbuiltforaspecialpurpose.BIn2007，BiancaValentihadanexperiencewhichnearlykilledher.WhenshepaddledoutatOceanBeachinSanFrancisco，shemetawavethelengthofagarageandastallasatwo-storyhouse.

"ThesecondIwentunderwater，Iwasjustgettingknockedandspuneverywhichway.Andthenmyfeettouchedthesandbottomthere.Iswamtothesurface.Atthispointmylungswereburningpainfully.Ijustthoughttomyself，'Ifthere'sonemorewaveafterthis，I'mgoingtodie.'Luckilytherewasn'tanotherwave."ThatwaswhenValentiknewshehadthedriveandskilltosurfbigwaves.

By2014，ValentisurfedandwonherfirstbigwavescontestatNelscottReefinOregon.There，shemetfellowprofessionalsPaigeAlms，AndreaMoller，andKealaKennelly."Twothingsgotmefiredupatthatpoint，"shesaid."Iwantedtohavetheopportunitytowinmoreevents，butthereweren'tmoreeventsforwomen.AlsoInoticedthatjustthesightofwomensurfingbigwaveswasopeningpeople'sminds...That'sreallyannoying."Luckily，Valenti，Alms，Moller，andKennellybecameadynamicfoursomeanddecidedtosticktogether，supporteachother，andthenfighttogether.

ThefoursurfersformedCommitteeforEquityinWomen'sSurfing（CEWS）tofightforentranceatMavericks—acontestsetinthesurfinglocationofthesamename，northofHalfMoonBay.Maverickswasinvitation-onlyandwasopentoonlymenwhenCEWSwasformed.Now，throughtheorganization'shardworkwiththeStateofCalifornia，womenareawarded12spotstosurf.

WhenValentiwasyoung，thereweren'tmanywomenrepresentedinsurfingculture."Ithinkit'simportantforyoungkidstohaveallkindsofrolemodels.Thatwaytheyknowallthepeoplewhotheyseeassuperheroesarejustnormalpeoplewhohavecrazydreams.Andsometimesthedreamsaren'teventhatcrazy.Ifyouworkhardandyousticktogetherwithyourfriends，youcandoanything.Youcanmovemountains."4.WhatinspiredValentitosurfbigwaves？______A.Hergiftinlearningsurfingskills.

B.Hernear-deathexperiencein2007.

C.Hercouragetochallengemensurfers.

D.Herambitiontobethebestrolemodel.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"firedup"inparagraph3mean？______A.Angry. B.Excited. C.Depressed. D.Concerned.6.WhatdoweknowaboutMavericksinValenti'stime？______A.Itwasnamedafterthebay.

B.Allsurferswereadmittedtoitfreely.

C.Itopened12spotsforwomensurfers.

D.Surferscouldonlyattenditbyinvitation.7.WhichofthefollowingphrasescanbestdescribeValenti？______A.Ambitiousandcourageous. B.Emotionalandstubborn.

C.Toughandimpractical. D.Simple-mindedandhelpful.CLet'ssayyouwanttopurchaseacamera，andyou'recomparingtwodifferentadvertisements.Inone，thepictures，colors，andinstructionsmaketheinformationeasytoread.Theotherhasanunclearstylethattakesmoretimeforyoutounderstand.Ifyoudecidetopurchasethesecondcamerawiththemoreconfusingadvertisement，newresearchoutofRensselaerPolytechnicInstituteshowsthat，overtime，you'lllikelybehappierwithyourchoice.

Inapaperco-authoredbyGauravJain，anassistantprofessorofmarketingintheLallySchoolofManagementatRensselaer，researchersfoundthatnonstopstimuli（刺激），orthedifficultyforanindividualtoprocessamessage，increasespeople'sattitudestowardthatmessageafteratimedelay.

"Thisresearchhasareal-lifeimpact，"Jainsaid."Mostofthetime，marketingcommunicatorstrytomaketheirmessageclear.Whatwelearned，however，isthattherearecertaintimes，especiallywhenpeopleneedtomakechoices，whenweshouldactuallyusenonstopstimulisothatwhateverpeoplearechoosing，theywilllikeitoncetimehaspassed."

UsingprimarydatacollectiondesignedbyJainofabout500diverseindividuals，researchersalsofoundthatconsumersjudgethetimespentinthedecision-makingprocesswrongly.Ratherthanrecognizingthatthelengthydecisioncamefromtryingtounderstandtheinformation，whenlookingbackontheprocess，consumersinsteadbelievetheyspentthetimeonmakingthedecision.Thisleadstheconsumertobelievethedecisiontheymadewasinformedandworthy.

Thesefindingsaremeaningfulformarketingcommunicationsinmanyfields.

"Whenpeoplearemakingdecisions，"Jainsaid，"likechoosinginsuranceproducts，retirementfunds，orevenwhenchoosinganelectedofficial，marketersanddesignersneedtorememberthatifwecanmakeanindividualspendsometimeinthatchoosingprocess，it'smorelikelypeoplewillstickwiththeoptiontheychoseovertime."

Jainsaysthatwhenconsumers'attitudesaboutaproductincrease，theimpactonpost-purchasedecisionslikereturnsandreviewsoftheproductwillbemorefavorabletothebrand.8.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic？______A.Bylistingfigures. B.Bygivingexamples.

C.Byusingothers'words. D.Byshowingpeople'sreviews.9.WhatshouldmarketingcommunicatorsdoaccordingtoGauravJain？______A.Maketheirmessageshort.

B.Maketheirmessageattractive.

C.Maketheirmessageeasytounderstand.

D.Maketheirmessagehardtounderstand.10.Inwhichaspectcanthisdiscoverybeusedformarketers？______A.Writingapaper. B.Sellingaproduct.

C.Choosingacamera. D.Designinganewbrand.11.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext？______A.TimeDelay：Whatisit

B.SuggestionstotheMarketers

C.HowtoMakeConsumersHappy

D.DifficultDecision，SatisfactoryChoiceDArguably,thebiggestsciencedevelopmentoftheyeartodatehasbeentheimagesoftheverydepthsoftheuniversetakenbytheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST).Thoseimagesbegacomparisonbetweentheexternalandinternaluniversesthatscienceisbentonobservingandunderstanding.Decadesago,astrophysicistCarlSaganfamouslysaid,“Theuniverseisalsowithinus.We?remadeofstar-stuff.Weareawayfortheuniversetoknowitself.”Hewascommentingthenontherealitythatourinternaluniversewasascomplexandasfantasticastheouterspace.Therearemanysimilaritiesbetweentheprogresswe?vemadeinunderstandingtheuniverseandinpiecingtogetherlife?sinnerworkings.LikethetechnologicaldevelopmentsthattookusfromGalileo?stelescopetotheHubbletotheJWST,lifesciencetoolshavealsoimprovedrapidly.Fromearlylightmicroscopestomodernsuper-resolutionones,thesedevelopmentshaveaffordedresearchersadeeplookintobiology?sinfinitesimal(無(wú)限小的)landscape.Learningthatlivingthingswerecomposedofcellswas,notaterriblylongtimeago,arevolutionaryobservation.Sincethen,scientistshavebeenabletodiveeverdeeperintothecomponentsoflife.Goingbeyondmerelyobservingthecomplicatedmakeupoforganisms,lifescientistscannowdiscovertheworkingsofmolecules(分子).Andthatiswherescanningtheuniversediffersfrompeeringintobiology.Understandingtheuniverse,especiallyfromafunctionalstandpoint,isnotnecessarilyanimmediateurgency.Understandingbiologyonthatlevelis.Simplyobservingtheamazinginternalstructureofcellsisnotenough.Biologistsmustalsocharacterizehowallthosepartsinteractandchangeindifferentenvironmentsandwhenfacedwithvariouschallenges.Beingabletoimageavirusorbacteriumisniceatthelevelofbasicscience.Butknowinghowvirusesgainentryintocellsandspread,infect,anddisablecanliterallysavelives.Throughtime,biologyhasrisentothismechanisticchallenge.Notonlycanlifesciencetoolsproduceimagesofcellcomponents,evenmoreimportantly,theycanhelppredicttheeffectsofdrugsonreceptors,ofimmunecellsonforeigninvaders(入侵者),andofgeneticperturbations(基因干擾)ondevelopmentandaging.Thisisnottobelittletheworkofscientistsresearchingintouniverse.Theyshouldrightlybepraisedfordeliveringviewsofimpossiblydistant,impossiblymassivephenomena.Myaimistocelebratetheseaccomplishmentswhileatthesametimerecognizingthatscience?sinwardsearchfordetailandinsightisequallyimpressiveand,inmyview,moreurgent.Theoutputofboththeoutwardandinwardexplorationsshouldstimulatewonderineveryone.Afterall,it?sallstar-stuff.12.WhydoestheauthorquoteCarlSagan?scommentinParagraph2?A.Tointroducethebackground. B.Toproveanassumption.

C.Tomakeacomparison. D.Topresentanidea.13.Likethestudyoftheuniverse,lifesciencehasbeenadvancingin________.A.studyapproaches B.systemmanagement

C.researchfacilities D.technologyintegration14.WecaninferfromParagraph4thatbiologists?workis________.A.practical B.risky C.flexible D.popular15.Asforlifescience,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Ithasreceiveduniversalrecognition.

B.Itshouldenjoypriorityindevelopment.

C.Itcanbeappliedinthemajorityofareas.

D.Itismorecomplicatedthanspacescience.二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共10.0分）WhyBoundariesatWorkAreEssentialWhatisaboundary,youask?Aboundaryisalimitdefiningyouinrelationtosomeoneorsomething.

(16)

Ifyouhaveinformedsomeonethatthisisyourofficespace,yourdesk,oryourchair,youhaveattemptedtosetphysicalboundaries.Lettingco-workersknowyouarenotcomfortableshakingtheirhandsorhuggingthemataholidayparty,especiallywithCovidatthistime,isanotherexampleofsettingaphysicalboundary.Itisofteneasiertounderstandaphysicalboundary.Emotionalormentalboundariesmaybesubtler(更微妙的).

(17)

Emotionalboundariesarerelatedtoourfeelingsandhowsomethingorsomeone?sbehavioraffectsus.Forexample,ifabosstreatsyoudisrespectfullybyyellingatyouoracolleaguefrequentlyinterruptsyouinmeetings,youarelikelytofeelhurt,embarrassed,andperhapsangry.Understandably,byhavingacourageousconversationwithbothyourbossandco-workerabouttheirbehavior,theimpactithasonyou,andyourexpectationsregardingfuturebehavior,youaresettinghealthyemotionalboundariesforyourselfatwork.Sometimeswesetaboundarythatisacombinationofbothaphysicalandemotionalone.

(18)

Oneexampleofthisisbeingrepeatedlyaskedtoworklateduringtheweek/weekendsorwhileonvacation.AnotherexampleisbeingrequiredtoseetoomanyclientsorpatientstothepointwefeeltiredattheendofthedayandexhaustedbyFriday.Often,theaboveworkplacedemandsleadtoincreasedstressandahighpotentialforburnout(倦怠)overtime.Mentalboundariesarerelatedtoourbeliefs,values,culturalnorms,ethics(道德),andstandards.Forexample,youvalueaworkplaceculturethattreatsemployeesandclientswithrespectanddignityandactsethically.Aftersixmonths,yourealizethatcompanyleadersarerepeatedlybehavinginwaysnotconsistentwiththis.

(19)

Overtime,thismayleadtosignificantstressandphysicalsymptomswithin.

(20)

Boundariesservemanyfunctions.Theyhelpprotectus,clarifyourresponsibility,preserveourphysicalandemotionalenergy,andliveourvaluesandstandards.Learningtheskillofboundarysettinghelpsempowerustoprioritizeourvaluesandwell-beingandbettermanageourstress.Identifying,setting,andmaintainingboundariesareskills—valuableskillsthat,unfortunately,weareoftennottaughtinschoolortheworkplace.A．Whyareboundariesimportant?B．However,theyareequally,ifnotmore,important.C．Therefore,weneedtotellthedifferencebetweenthem.D．Settingaboundaryintheaboveexamplemaybequitehelpful.E．Boundariescanbephysical,mental,emotional,tangible,orintangible.F．Yourvaluesandethicalstandardsdon?tmatchwithyourcompany?s,whichlikelywillleadtointernalconflict.G．Suchboundariesofteninvolvebeingaskedtodomorethanwefeelcapableofforanextendedperiodoftime.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大題共15小題，共22.5分）InBothell，Washington.First，somebodyshowedupwithballoons.Thena（1）______.ThenabigHappyBirthdaybanner（2）______nexttotheBeca'sCoffeestand.Andpeoplejustkeptshowingup.Itwasaparty—justasBecahadimaginedforherfriendJack.May10washisbirthday，andshewantedto（3）______him.

Jack，32，bornwithdevelopmentaldisabilitieslovespeople.Beca，30，thoughthewaswonderful.Soshe（4）______anarrangement：Ifheshowedupeverydayforanhourandchattedwiththecustomersatherdrive-throughwindow，she'dgivehimafreedrink.Prettysoon，anhourturnedintothewholeday.Becagavehima（n）（5）______."It's（6）______，"JacktoldKOMONews."Ilovechattingwithpeoplehere，andshepaysmealotofmoney!"

（7）______noteverybodyappreciatedJack'senthusiasm."Onecustomerwasextremely（8）______，"shesays.（9）______this，shepostedJack'sstoryonacommunityblogandalsomentionedhisapproachingbirthday.Withoutanyplanning，（10）______showeduptocelebratehisbirthday，andhe（11）______everyonewithahug.

Inspiredbythespontaneous（自發(fā)的）goodspirit，BecasuggestedBothell（12）______everyMay10asCupofKindnessDay.Thecityagreed.OnthefirstCupofKindnessDay，Beca（13）______hershopanddeliveredcookiestopoliceofficers，（14）______，teachersandothers"whoserveotherpeople".

IfyouwantacupofcoffeeinBothell，justheadovertoBeca's.Youknowyourdrinkwillcomewithsomethingextra-special：（15）______.21.

A.cake B.card C.phone D.gift22.

A.expanded B.displayed C.produced D.stretched23.

A.force B.define C.surprise D.teach24.

A.delayed B.proposed C.cancelled D.exchanged25.

A.break B.idea C.career D.raise26.

A.normal B.demanding C.awesome D.embarrassing27.

A.Consequently B.However C.Instead D.Finally28.

A.disrespectful B.dishonest C.dishonorable D.disabled29.

A.Upsetabout B.Fondof

C.Relatedto D.Skepticalabout30.

A.citizens B.colleagues C.strangers D.neighbours31.

A.met B.driven C.greeted D.addressed32.

A.regard B.establish C.treat D.use33.

A.recommended B.donated C.shared D.closed34.

A.shoppers B.drivers C.firefighters D.walkers35.

A.respect B.kindness C.love D.calmness四、語(yǔ)法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）36.Chineseopera,（1）______（date）backtotheTangDynasty,isoneofthethreeoldestdramaticartformsintheworld.DuringtheQingDynasty,itbecame（2）______（fashion）amongordinarypeople.（3）______（perform）werewatchedintearooms,restaurantsandevenaroundmakeshiftstages.

（4）______（accompany）bytraditionalmusicalinstrumentsliketheErhu,theHuqinandtheflute,actorspresentuniquemelodiesaswellasdialogueswhichare（5）______（beautiful）written.Whatappeals（6）______foreignersmostmaybethedifferentstylesoffacialmake-upwhichrequiresspecialtechniquesofpainting.Thistechniquemayhaveoriginatedfromancientreligionsanddance.Besides,people（7）______（impress）withanothertechnique,theacrobatics（雜技）.Actorscanmakefireoutoftheirmouthswhentheyactasghosts.Thisreflects（8）______famoussayingamongactors："Oneminuteonstagetakestenyearsofpractice."Overthepast800years,Chineseopera（9）______（grow）intomanydifferentregionalvarietiesbasedonlocalaccents.Today,thereareover100impressiveregionaloperastyles,among（10）______isBeijingopera,thebest-knownChineseoperastyleformedfromthemixtureofdifferentstyles.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、書(shū)面表達(dá)（本大題共2小題，共50.0分）37.假如你是李華，近期你校開(kāi)展了以"遠(yuǎn)離白色污染，擁抱綠色生活"為主題的環(huán)保周，你作為志愿者參與了這次活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)給你的英國(guó)朋友Lucas寫(xiě)一封信，內(nèi)容包括：

1.活動(dòng)背景及經(jīng)過(guò)；

2.活動(dòng)的心得體會(huì)。

注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

DearLucas，

_____________

Yours，LiHua38.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

A92-year-oldhuntergettinglostinthewoodsBillMcDonnellwasgoinghunting.Deerseasonhadbegun，butitwascolderthanusual.Upuntilhislate80s，Billhadn'tmindedhuntinginsub-zerotemperatures，buthehadslowedinthepastfewyears.Thesnow-dustedmountainsoftheShenandoahValleywerenoplacefora92-year-old.Heknewit.Buthehadmadeuphismindtogetoutside.Hiswife，JoannaMcDonnell，knewwhathewasupto.Butthisparticularday，Joannadidn'teventrytotalksenseintoherhusband.

Thenextmorning，Billwokeupatfour，grabbedhisgun，anddrovehisJeeptowardShenandoahMountain，aplacewherehehadn'thuntedforalongtime.AttheendoftheoldLaurelRunloggingroad，hehitthetrailonfoot.

Itwasabout7：30a.m.whenthesunpeeked（微微露出）throughthetrees.BillhadstrictinstructionsfromJoannatobeoutofthewoodsby2p.m.andhomeby3p.m.—plentyoftimebeforesunset，incasehemissedthedeadline，whichheoftendid.Notlongintothehike，hecameuponapathhedidn'tremember.Maybethiswasasecretroute.Hetookit.

Then，around11a.m.，heemerged（出現(xiàn)）intoaclearingalongavalley.Itseemedthathispathupthemountainhadmeandered（蜿蜒）quiteabit.Whenthoughtsofshort-cutscametomind，Billcouldn'thelphimself."I'lljustbeextracareful，"hereasoned，andbegancuttinghisownpath.Beforelong，thecanyon（峽谷）narrowedtoadeadend.Thenextthingheknewwasthathewaslost.

Hepulledouthisphone，onlytofindithaddied.HedugintohispantsfortheGPSdevicehealwaysbroughtincaseofemergencyandpushedthe"on"button.Nothing.Hehadforgottentochargeit.Hehadn'tbroughtaflashlighteither.Duringthisperiod，hecouldhearthesoundofahelicopterflyingoverhishead.Heyelledandwaved，butinvain.Hecouldn'tmakehimselfheard.

注意：

（1）續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

（2）請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Paragraph1：

Itwasabout9：45p.m.andthesoundofthehelicoptergraduallydisappearedinthedistance.

Paragraph2：

Thenextmorning，Billhadwokenbeforedawn.

答案和解析1~3.【答案】D、A、D【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BangkokFloatingMarkets部分Bargainingisapartofexperience.（討價(jià)還價(jià)是體驗(yàn)的一部分。）可知，在BangkokFloatingMarkets，討價(jià)還價(jià)是一種體驗(yàn)。故選D。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MarinaBayStadium部分ItwasafloatingplatformwheretheFormulaOneGrandPrixeventwassuccessfullyheld.（這是一個(gè)浮動(dòng)平臺(tái)，一級(jí)方程式大獎(jiǎng)賽在這里成功舉行。）可知，在MarinaBayStadium舉行了一級(jí)方程式大獎(jiǎng)賽。故選A。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MarinaBayStadium部分ThisstadiumwasbuiltasatemporarysolutionwhileSingaporeNationalStadiumwasrebuilt.（這座體育場(chǎng)是在重建新加坡國(guó)家體育場(chǎng)時(shí)臨時(shí)修建的。）以及ArchipelagoCinema部分This

cinema

stage

was

built

specially

for

the

film

festival

Film

on

the

Rocks

Yao

Noi.

（這個(gè)電影舞臺(tái)是為電影節(jié)Film

on

the

Rocks

Yao

Noi而專(zhuān)門(mén)建造的。）可知，它們的共同之處是它們都是出于特殊目的而建造的。故選D。

這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四個(gè)有趣的水上旅游勝地。

閱讀理解題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說(shuō)明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。

4~7.【答案】B、A、D、A【解析】（1）B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的""ThatwaswhenValentiknewshehadthedriveandskilltosurfbigwaves.（那是瓦倫蒂知道她有動(dòng)力和技巧在大浪中沖浪。）"可知，2007年她的瀕死經(jīng)歷激發(fā)了瓦倫蒂去沖浪，故選B。

（2）A.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段的"Iwantedtohavetheopportunitytowinmoreevents，butthereweren'tmoreeventsforwomen.AlsoInoticedthatjustthesightofwomensurfingbigwaveswasopeningpeople'sminds...That'sreallyannoying.（我想有機(jī)會(huì)贏得更多的項(xiàng)目，但沒(méi)有更多的女子項(xiàng)目。我還注意到，僅僅是看到女人在大浪中沖浪，就能打開(kāi)人們的思想真煩人。）"可知，當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有女子沖浪項(xiàng)目，這讓她很生氣，firedup意為"生氣的"，由annoying（令人生氣的）也可知道答案，A.Angry.生氣的；B.Excited.興奮的；C.Depressed.抑郁的；D.Concerned.關(guān)心的。故選A。

（3）D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的"Maverickswasinvitation-onlyandwasopentoonlymenwhenCEWSwasformed.（在CEWS成立時(shí)，Mavericks只能通過(guò)邀請(qǐng)參加，且只對(duì)男性開(kāi)放。）"可知，只有受到邀請(qǐng)的沖浪者才能參加Mavericks，故選D。

（4）A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的"Now，throughtheorganization'shardworkwiththeStateofCalifornia，womenareawarded12spotstosurf.（現(xiàn)在，通過(guò)該組織與加利福尼亞州的努力，女性被授予12個(gè)沖浪地點(diǎn)。）"和最后一段的"Ifyouworkhardandyousticktogetherwithyourfriends，youcandoanything.Youcanmovemountains.（如果你努力工作，和你的朋友在一起，你可以做任何事。你可以移山。）"可知，Valenti是有抱負(fù)的，勇敢的。A.Ambitiousandcourageous.雄心勃勃，勇敢無(wú)畏的；B.Emotionalandstubborn.情緒化又固執(zhí)的；C.Toughandimpractical.強(qiáng)硬又不切實(shí)際的；D.Simple-mindedandhelpful.頭腦簡(jiǎn)單，樂(lè)于助人的。故選A。

本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是沖浪者比安卡瓦倫蒂在一次差點(diǎn)死掉的經(jīng)歷中意識(shí)到自己有動(dòng)力和技巧在大浪中沖浪，后來(lái)她和幾個(gè)同行成立婦女沖浪公平委員會(huì)，證明了婦女也可以沖浪，給孩子們樹(shù)立了榜樣。

1．直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項(xiàng)在語(yǔ)言表達(dá)上與原文基本一致的題目。2．間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語(yǔ)言表達(dá)上與原文有差異，做題時(shí)需要對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。3．綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類(lèi)題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來(lái)分析，而不能斷章取義。

8~11.【答案】B、D、B、D【解析】（1）B.寫(xiě)作手法題。根據(jù)原文第一段In

one，the

pictures，colors，and

instructions

make

the

information

easy

to

read.The

other

has

an

unclear

style

that

takes

more

time

for

you

to

understand.If

you

decide

to

purchase

the

second

camera

with

the

more

confusing

advertisement，new

research

out

of

Rensselaer

Polytechnic

Institute

shows

that，over

time，you'll

likely

be

happier

with

your

choice.其中，圖片、顏色和說(shuō)明使信息易于閱讀。另一種風(fēng)格不清晰，你需要更多時(shí)間才能理解。倫斯勒理工學(xué)院（RensselaerPolytechnicInstitute）的一項(xiàng)新研究表明，如果你決定購(gòu)買(mǎi)第二臺(tái)廣告更令人困惑的相機(jī)，隨著時(shí)間的推移，你可能會(huì)對(duì)自己的選擇感到更滿(mǎn)意?？芍髡呤峭ㄟ^(guò)舉例來(lái)引出話題的。故選B。

（2）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文第二段...researchers

found

that

nonstop

stimuli（刺激），or

the

difficulty

for

an

individual

to

process

a

message，increases

people's

attitudes

toward

that

message

after

a

time

delay.研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，持續(xù)不斷的刺激，或者一個(gè)人處理信息的難度，會(huì)在一段時(shí)間后增加人們對(duì)該信息的態(tài)度?？芍狦aurav

Jain建議營(yíng)銷(xiāo)傳播者應(yīng)該使他們的信息難以理解。故選D。

（3）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段"When

people

are

making

decisions，"

Jain

said，"like

choosing

insurance

products，retirement

funds，or

even

when

choosing

an

elected

official，marketers

and

designers

need

to

remember

that

if

we

can

make

an

individual

spend

some

time

in

that

choosing

process，it's

more

likely

people

will

stick

with

the

option

they

chose

over

time.""當(dāng)人們做決定時(shí)，"Jain說(shuō)，"選擇保險(xiǎn)產(chǎn)品、退休基金、甚至在選擇一個(gè)民選官員，營(yíng)銷(xiāo)人員和設(shè)計(jì)師需要記住，如果我們能讓一個(gè)人花一些時(shí)間在選擇過(guò)程中，更有可能隨著時(shí)間的推移人們會(huì)堅(jiān)持他們選擇的選項(xiàng)"?？芍獱I(yíng)銷(xiāo)人員應(yīng)該在銷(xiāo)售產(chǎn)品時(shí)利用消費(fèi)者心理。故選B。

（4）D.標(biāo)題概括題。根據(jù)本文內(nèi)容：本文介紹了一種心理現(xiàn)象消費(fèi)者花費(fèi)更多時(shí)間所做出的決定往往會(huì)增加后期的滿(mǎn)足感?？芍狣選項(xiàng)：困難的決定，滿(mǎn)意的選擇。適合，故選D。

本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了一種心理現(xiàn)象消費(fèi)者花費(fèi)更多時(shí)間所做出的決定往往會(huì)增加后期的滿(mǎn)足感。

閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對(duì)原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意，因?yàn)殚喿x理解題一般沒(méi)有標(biāo)題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過(guò)程中，應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料；其次細(xì)讀題材，各個(gè)擊破，掌握全文的大意之后，細(xì)細(xì)閱讀每篇材料后的問(wèn)題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問(wèn)題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時(shí)，要有較強(qiáng)的針對(duì)性，對(duì)于捕獲到的信息，要做認(rèn)真分析，仔細(xì)推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對(duì)題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn)。

12~15.【答案】D、C、A、B【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要闡述了生命科學(xué)像宇宙一樣復(fù)雜，隨著生命科學(xué)研究設(shè)施的不斷發(fā)展，科學(xué)家們能夠更深入地研究生命的組成部分并且取得了很大的成就。

1.

根據(jù)第二段中Decadesago，astrophysicistCarlSaganfamouslysaid，"Theuniverseisalsowithinus.We'remadeofstar-stuff.Weareawayfortheuniversetoknowitself."Hewascommentingthenontherealitythatourinternaluniversewasascomplexandasfantasticastheouterspace.（幾十年前，天體物理學(xué)家卡爾薩根說(shuō)過(guò)一句名言："宇宙也在身體之內(nèi)。我們是由恒星組成的。我們是宇宙認(rèn)識(shí)自己的一種方式。"他當(dāng)時(shí)的評(píng)論是，我們的內(nèi)部宇宙和外太空一樣復(fù)雜、一樣奇妙。）可知，作者在第2段引用卡爾?薩根的評(píng)論，是為了提出一個(gè)想法，即我們的身體像宇宙一樣復(fù)雜和奇妙，故選D。

2.

根據(jù)第三段LikethetechnologicaldevelopmentsthattookusfromGalileo'stelescopetotheHubbletotheJWST，lifesciencetoolshavealsoimprovedrapidly.Fromearlylightmicroscopestomodernsuper-resolutionones，thesedevelopmentshaveaffordedresearchersadeeplookintobiology'sinfinitesimal（無(wú)限小的）landscape.（就像將我們從伽利略望遠(yuǎn)鏡帶到哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡再到JWST的技術(shù)發(fā)展一樣，生命科學(xué)工具也得到了快速改進(jìn)。從早期的光學(xué)顯微鏡到現(xiàn)代的超分辨率顯微鏡，這些發(fā)展使研究人員能夠深入觀察生物學(xué)的微小景觀。）可知，就像對(duì)宇宙的研究一樣，生命科學(xué)的研究設(shè)施也在不斷發(fā)展，故選C。

3.

根據(jù)第四段中Biologistsmustalsocharacterizehowallthosepartsinteractandchangeindifferentenvironmentsandwhenfacedwithvariouschallenges.Beingabletoimageavirusorbacteriumisniceatthelevelofbasicscience.Butknowinghowvirusesgainentryintocellsandspread，infect，anddisablecanliterallysavelives.Throughtime，biologyhasrisentothismechanisticchallenge.Notonlycanlifesciencetoolsproduceimagesofcellcomponents，evenmoreimportantly，theycanhelppredicttheeffectsofdrugsonreceptors，ofimmunecellsonforeigninvaders（入侵者），andofgeneticperturbations（基因干擾）ondevelopmentandaging.（生物學(xué)家還必須描述所有這些部分在不同環(huán)境中以及在面臨各種挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)是如何相互作用和變化的。能夠?qū)Σ《净蚣?xì)菌進(jìn)行成像在基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)水平上是很好的。但了解病毒如何進(jìn)入細(xì)胞并傳播、感染和致殘可以真正拯救生命。隨著時(shí)間的推移，生物學(xué)已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了這一機(jī)械挑戰(zhàn)生命科學(xué)工具可以產(chǎn)生細(xì)胞成分的圖像，更重要的是，它們可以幫助預(yù)測(cè)藥物對(duì)受體的影響，免疫細(xì)胞對(duì)外來(lái)入侵者的影響，以及基因擾動(dòng)對(duì)發(fā)育和衰老的影響。）可知，生物學(xué)家的工作是很實(shí)用的，故選A。

4.

根據(jù)最后一段Myaimistocelebratetheseaccomplishmentswhileatthesametimerecognizingthatscience'sinwardsearchfordetailandinsightisequallyimpressiveand，inmyview，moreurgent.（我的目標(biāo)是慶祝這些成就，同時(shí)認(rèn)識(shí)到科學(xué)對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)和洞察力的內(nèi)在探索同樣令人印象深刻，在我看來(lái)更為緊迫。）可知，作者認(rèn)為生命科學(xué)應(yīng)優(yōu)先發(fā)展，故選B。

16~20.【答案】E、B、G、F、A【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了為什么工作中的界限至關(guān)重要。

1.

根據(jù)下文Ifyouhaveinformedsomeonethatthisisyourofficespace,yourdesk,oryourchair,youhaveattemptedtosetphysicalboundaries.（如果你告訴別人這是你的辦公室，你的桌子，或你的椅子，你已經(jīng)試圖設(shè)置物理邊界。）可知，此處在講述界限的類(lèi)型。由此可知，E項(xiàng)（界限可以是身體上的、精神上的、情感上的、有形的或無(wú)形的。）能夠銜接下文，符合此處語(yǔ)境。故選E。

2.

根據(jù)上文Itisofteneasiertounderstandaphysicalboundary.Emotionalormentalboundariesmaybesubtler(更微妙的).（物理邊界通常更容易理解。情感或精神界限可能更加微妙。）可知，此處在對(duì)比物理邊界和情感或精神界限。由此可知，B項(xiàng)（然而，它們即使不是更重要，也同樣重要。）能夠承接上文，其中they指代上文中的“物理邊界和情感或精神界限”，符合此處語(yǔ)境。故選B。

3.

根據(jù)下文Oneexampleofthisisbeingrepeatedlyaskedtoworklate