基礎(chǔ)提升考研真題閱讀每日一篇(35)(2013.4.10)

2005Text3Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight'ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears,bythelate1970s.neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind'semotionalthermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis“off-line”Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter,“It'syourdream”saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago'sMedicalCenter.“Ifyoudon'tlikeit,changeit.”Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep-whenmostvividdreamsoccur-asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr,EricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved,thelimbicsystem(the“emotionalbrain”)isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofintellectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet.“Wewakeupfromdreamshappyofdepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday”saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr,WilliamDement.ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright’sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon’talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday’sevents-until,itappears,webegintodream.Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead,thenexttimeisoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.Attheendoftheday,there'sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingor“wewakeupinapanic,”CartwrightsaysTerrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople'sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus;thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleep-orratherdream-onitandyou'llfeelbetterinthemorning.31.Researchershavecometobelievethatdreams[A].canbemodifiedintheircourses.[B].aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges.[C].reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears.[D].arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs.32.Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshow[A].itsfunctioninourdreams.[B].themechanismofREMsleep.[C].therelationofdreamstoemotions.[D].itsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex.33.Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto[A].aggravateinourunconsciousmind.[B].developintohappydreams.[C].persisttillthetimewefallasleep.[D].showupindreamsearlyatnight.34.Cartwrightseemstosuggestthat[A].wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams.[B].visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontrol.[C].dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogression.[D].dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious.大腦造影的證據(jù)支持了以上觀點(diǎn)。匹茲堡大學(xué)的埃里克博士說，在出現(xiàn)清晰夢(mèng)境的快速動(dòng)眼睡眠中大腦和完全清醒時(shí)一樣活躍。但并非大腦的所有部分都一樣，腦邊緣系統(tǒng)（“情緒大腦”）異常活躍，而前額皮層（思維和推理的中心地帶）則相對(duì)平靜大。斯坦福睡眠研究員WilliamDement博士說：“我們從夢(mèng)中醒來，或者高興或者沮喪，這些情緒會(huì)伴隨我們一整天。”夢(mèng)和情緒之間的聯(lián)系在Cartwright的診所的病人身上顯露出來了。多數(shù)人似乎在晚上入睡的較早階段做更多不好的夢(mèng)，而在快睡醒前會(huì)逐漸做開心一些的夢(mèng)，這說明人們?cè)趬?mèng)里漸漸克服了白天的不良情緒。因?yàn)榍逍褧r(shí)我們的頭腦被日常瑣事占據(jù)著，所以并不總是想到白天發(fā)生的事情對(duì)我們情緒的影響，直到我們開始做夢(mèng)，這種影響才出現(xiàn)。這一過程不一定是無意識(shí)的。Cartwright認(rèn)為人們可以練習(xí)有意識(shí)地控制噩夢(mèng)的重演。你一醒來就立刻確定夢(mèng)中有什么在困擾你，設(shè)想一下你所希望的夢(mèng)的結(jié)局，下次再做同樣的夢(mèng)時(shí)，試圖醒來以控制它的進(jìn)程。通過多次練習(xí)，人們完全可以學(xué)會(huì)在夢(mèng)中這樣做。Cartwright說，說到底，只要夢(mèng)不使我們無法睡眠或“從夢(mèng)中驚醒”，就沒有理由太在意所做的夢(mèng)?？植乐髁x、經(jīng)濟(jì)不確定及通常的不安全感都增加了人們的焦慮。那些長(zhǎng)期受到噩夢(mèng)折磨的人應(yīng)該尋求專家?guī)椭鴮?duì)其他人來說，大腦有自動(dòng)消除不良情緒的方法。安心睡覺甚至做夢(mèng)，早上醒來時(shí)你會(huì)感覺好多了。難句解析：①Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter,該句子的主干是間接引語，其賓語是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。賓語從句的主干是theseeventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybrought……，其中notonly…but(also)并列連詞結(jié)構(gòu)連接兩個(gè)過去分詞，表示“不僅被駕馭…而且被有意識(shí)的加以控制”。不定式在賓語從句中做結(jié)果狀語。翻譯：一名主要的權(quán)威人士說，夢(mèng)這種異常強(qiáng)烈的精神活動(dòng)不僅能被駕馭，事實(shí)上還可以有意識(shí)地加以控制，以幫助我們更好地睡眠和感覺。②ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep-whenmostvividdreamsoccur-asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr,EricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.該句子是一個(gè)倒裝句，句首是間接引語的賓語從句，其主謂結(jié)構(gòu)后置，即saysDr,Eric.賓語從句的主干是個(gè)比較結(jié)構(gòu)ThebrainisasactiveduringREMasitiswhenfullyawake。兩個(gè)破折號(hào)之間是插入語，做定語從句，修飾REMsleep，即“出現(xiàn)清晰夢(mèng)境的快速動(dòng)眼睡眠”。翻譯：匹茲堡大學(xué)的埃里克博士說，在出現(xiàn)清晰夢(mèng)境的快速動(dòng)眼睡眠中大腦和完全清醒時(shí)一樣活躍。③Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.該句子的主句后跟有兩個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，第一個(gè)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)表伴隨，其動(dòng)作和主句中的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。第二個(gè)分詞結(jié)構(gòu)表結(jié)果，即“因此表明……”翻譯：大多數(shù)人似乎在晚上入睡的較早階段做更多不好的夢(mèng)，而在快睡醒前會(huì)逐漸做開心一些的夢(mèng)，這說明人們?cè)趬?mèng)力漸漸克服了白天的不良情緒。④Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandrears,bythelate1970s.Neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.▲本句由分號(hào)分為兩部分,其中第一部分的主干是Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheory…,賓語theory后面是一個(gè)以that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，說明theory的內(nèi)容；在第二部分中，代詞them指代的是dreams,破折號(hào)后面的部分therandombyprod