2022年考研考博-考博英語-外交學(xué)院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號23

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-外交學(xué)院考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Atanearlyageshealreadyshowedatalent（）music.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.on

B.for

C.in

D.to

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。talentfor“天才；有……的天賦”，其他選項(xiàng)都沒有這種搭配。句意：她在很小的時(shí)候就顯示出音樂天賦。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

GiladShalit,anIsraelisoldierheldformorethanfiveyearsbyHamas,theIslamistPalestiniangroupthatrunsGaza,wasfreedinexchange（）1,027Palestinianprisoners.Thefirstbatchof477ofthemwasreleasedthisweek;theremainderareexpectedtobelet（）nextmonth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.for,out

B.for,off

C.of,out

D.of,off

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。inexchangefor“用……交換(物品間交換)”；inexchangeof“換取”；let(sb)off“寬恕，使爆炸/爆發(fā)”；let(sb)out“釋放/放出，泄露，出租”。句意：吉拉德?沙利特，一名被管理加沙的巴勒斯坦伊斯蘭組織哈馬斯關(guān)押了5年多的以色列士兵，以交換1027名巴勒斯坦囚犯為條件后獲釋。其中的477人已于本周獲釋，其余的人預(yù)計(jì)將于下月獲釋。由題意可知第一空應(yīng)該填inexchangeof，第二空應(yīng)填letout，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Whatamazesmeishercompletedisregardforanyone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ignorance

B.bias

C.focus

D.emphasis

【答案】A

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ignorance“無知，愚昧，不知，不懂，忽視”；B選項(xiàng)bias“偏見，偏愛，斜紋”；C選項(xiàng)focus“焦點(diǎn)，中心，清晰；焦距”；D選項(xiàng)emphasis“重點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)，加強(qiáng)語氣”。句意：使我吃驚的是她對任何人都漠不關(guān)心。Disregard“忽視，無視，不尊重”，A選項(xiàng)與該詞詞義最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Atmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.Butplantscanmovewatermuchhigher:thesequoiatreecanpumpwatertoitsverytop,morethan100metersabovetheground.Untiltheendofthenineteenthcentury,themovementofwaterintreesandothertallplantswasamystery.Somebotanistshypothesizedthatthelivingcellsofplantsactedaspumps.Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthesteinsofplantsinwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.Otherexplanationsforthemovementofwaterinplantshavebeenbasedonrootpressure,apushonthewaterfromtherootsatthebottomoftheplant.Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.

Ifwaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.Thepullonarisingcolumnofwaterinaplantresultsfromtheevaporationofwateratthetopoftheplant.Aswaterislostfromthesurfaceoftheleaves,anegativepressure,ortension,iscreated.Theevaporatedwaterisreplacedbywatermovingfrominsidetheplantinunbrokencolumnsthatextendfromthetopofaplanttoitsroots.Thesameforcesthatcreatesurfacetensioninanysampleofwaterareresponsibleforthemaintenanceoftheseunbrokencolumnsofwater.Whenwaterisconfinedintubesofverysmallbore,theforcesofcohesion(theattractionbetweenwatermolecules)aresogreatthatthestrengthofacolumnofwatercompareswiththestrengthofasteelwireofthesamediameter.Thiscohesivestrengthpermitscolumnsofwatertobepulledtogreatheightswithoutbeingbroken.

1.Howmanytheoriesdoestheauthormention?

2.Thepassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?

3.Howbotanistsknowthatrootpressureisnottheonlyforcethatmoveswaterinplants?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

5.Whatcausesthetensionthatdrawswaterupaplant?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.OneC.Three

B.C.ThreeB.

C.ThreeB.Two

D.Four

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Whatistheeffectofatmosphericpressureonfoliage?

B.Whendodeadcellsharmplantgrowth?

C.Howdoeswatergettothetopsoftrees?

D.Whyisrootpressureweak?

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Someverytalltreeshaveweakrootpressure.

B.Rootpressuresdecreaseinwinter.

C.Plantscanliveaftertheirrootsdie.

D.Waterinaplant’srootsisnotconnectedtowaterinitsstem.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Waterispushedtothetopsoftrees.

B.Botanistshaveproventhatlivingcellsactaspumps.

C.Atmosphericpressuredrawswatertothetopsoftalltrees.

D.Botanistshavechangedtheirtheoriesofhowwatermovesinplants.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Humidity

B.Plantgrowth

C.Rootpressure

D.Evaporation

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.（根據(jù)目前公認(rèn)的內(nèi)聚力張力理論，水是被拉到那里的。）”，全文就只提及這一種理論，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Ifwaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?（如果水不是被抽到高樹的樹頂，也不是被推到樹頂，那么我們會問：它是怎么到樹頂?shù)?）”，由此可知全文是圍繞水是怎么被送到樹頂描寫的。A選項(xiàng)“大氣壓力對樹葉有什么影響？”；B選項(xiàng)“死細(xì)胞什么時(shí)候會損害植物生長？”；C選項(xiàng)“水是如何到達(dá)樹頂?shù)?？”；D選項(xiàng)“為什么根壓弱？”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.（但是根系的壓力還不足以把水推到高大的樹頂。此外，針葉樹是最高的樹木之一，它們的根系壓力非常低。）”，由此可知來自樹根的壓力不足以使水分運(yùn)輸?shù)綐漤?，這其中肯定還有其他運(yùn)輸渠道存在。A選項(xiàng)“一些很高的樹的根壓很弱”；B選項(xiàng)“根系壓力在冬季下降”；C選項(xiàng)“植物的根死后還能存活”；D選項(xiàng)“植物根中的水與莖中的水是不相連的”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段的第一句話“Atmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.（大氣壓可以支撐一個高達(dá)10米的水柱。）”，由此可知該篇文章支持大氣壓把水吸引到高高的樹頂。A選項(xiàng)“水被推到樹頂”；B選項(xiàng)“植物學(xué)家已經(jīng)證明活細(xì)胞起到泵的作用”；C選項(xiàng)“大氣壓力把水吸引到高高的樹頂”；D選項(xiàng)“植物學(xué)家已經(jīng)改變了他們關(guān)于水在植物中移動的理論”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“Thepullonarisingcolumnofwaterinaplantresultsfromtheevaporationofwateratthetopoftheplant.（植物中上升的水柱的拉力是植物頂部水分蒸發(fā)的結(jié)果。）”，由此可知是水分的蒸發(fā)使然。A選項(xiàng)“濕度”；B選項(xiàng)“植物的生長”；C選項(xiàng)“根壓”；D選項(xiàng)“蒸發(fā)”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Hewashere（）thestroke.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.on

C.with

D.to

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。onthestroke“準(zhǔn)時(shí)地”。句意：他準(zhǔn)時(shí)到了這里。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Square-jawed,withapastycomplexionandanathleticbutnotoverlybulked-upbuild,helookslikeamanmeanttohaveawhistlearoundhisneck.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sallow

B.vivid

C.pale

D.blushing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sallow“氣色不好的；灰黃色的”；B選項(xiàng)vivid“生動的；鮮明的；鮮艷的”；C選項(xiàng)pale“蒼白的；無力的；暗淡的”；D選項(xiàng)blushing“鮮紅的；臉紅的”。句意：他長著方下巴，臉色蒼白，體格健壯但不太結(jié)實(shí)，看起來就像脖子上掛著個口哨的人。pasty“蒼白的；面糊似的”，C選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Hehasbeenlefttosquirminamireofnewallegations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.quagmire

B.moraine

C.plumed

D.fragmire

【答案】A

【解析】考查近義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)quagmire“沼澤，泥濘地；困境，尷尬的處境”；B選項(xiàng)moraine“冰磧石”；C選項(xiàng)plumed“（adj）有羽毛的；羽毛狀的；用羽毛裝飾的”；D選項(xiàng)fragmire無實(shí)際意義。句意：他陷入了新的指控的泥沼中。mire“泥潭；泥沼”，與該詞意思最相近的是A選項(xiàng)，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Itisnecessarythatanefficientworker（）hisworkontime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accomplishes

B.canaccomplish

C.hasaccomplished

D.accomplish

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。本句句首的It作形式主語，真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的從

句，即：thatanefficientworker…ontime。that引導(dǎo)的主語從句采用了虛擬語氣，其完整的形式為Itisnecessarythatanefficientworker（should）accomplishhisworkontime.本句省略了主句從句中的should。虛擬語氣與不定式同時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，在Itisnecessary+that...的結(jié)構(gòu)中，that引導(dǎo)的主語從句的謂語要用虛擬語氣，即should+動詞原形，其中的should可省略。在不定式作形容詞的主語的句式中，用Itisnecessary+不定式。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Theverdictmetwitha（）ofcriticism.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hail

B.gust

C.tuft

D.fit

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。A選項(xiàng)ahailof“一陣轟炸/打擊/咒罵”；B選項(xiàng)agustof“一陣（風(fēng)）”；C選項(xiàng)atuftof“一叢”；D選項(xiàng)afitof“突發(fā)一陣，陣發(fā)”。句意：這一判決遭到了一通批評。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Shouldeveryonebegettingmorefolicacid?That’sthequestiononalotofdoctors’minds.ThoughnotasfamousasvitaminC,folicacidplaysacrucialroleinthedevelopmentofjustabouteverycellinthebody.MemberoftheB-vitaminfamily,it’sfoundnaturallyinorangejuice,beansandgreenvegetables.Thereissomeevidencethatfolicacidmayreducetheriskofheartdisease,butitisbestknownforitsroleinpreventingspinalbifidaandotherbirthdefects.Indeedeversince1998,whentheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationmandatedthatitbeaddedtocerealproducts,thenumberofso-calledneural-tubedefectshasdroppednearly20%acrossAmerica.

Nowcomeswordthatthevitaminmay,justmay,helpwardofftheravagesofAlzheimer’sdisease.Inastudyofmorethan1,000olderadultspublishedintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine,researchersatBostonUniversityandTuftsUniversityfoundthatsubjectswhohadhighlevelsofaparticularaminoacidcalledhomocysteineintheirbloodweretwiceaslikelytodevelopAlzheimer’sasthosewhodidn’t.Thefindingisimportantbecauseoneoftheeasiestwaystolowerhomocysteinelevelsistogetplentyoffolicacid.

Thestudy,althoughnotdefinitive,isthestrongestevidencetodatethathomocysteineplaysaroleinAlzheimer’s.PreviousresearchhadfoundthatAlzheimer1spatientsoftenhavehighlevelsoftheaminoacidintheirblood-thoughthatcouldbebecausefolkswithAlzheimer’softendon’teatverywell.

Thenewstudylaysthatexplanationtorest.AspartofthefamousFraminghamstudy,whichhastrackedthedevelopmentofheartdiseaseamongresidentsofFramingham,Massachusetts,formorethan50years,.researchersinthe1970sstartedmeasuringthehomocysteinelevelsofmenandwomenwhohadnotyetdevelopeddementia.Thosepatientswhosehomocysteinelevelsmeasuredover14micromolesaliterwhiletheywerestillhealthyweretwiceaslikelytobediagnosedwithAlzheimer’sdiseaselateron.

Thatdoesn’tmeanthatifyouhavehighhomocysteinelevels,youwillgetAlzheimer’s,orthatlowhomocysteinelevelswillprotectyourfromdementia.It’snotevencertain,warnsDr.SudhaSeshadri,aneurologistatBostonUniversitywholedthestudy,thatloweringhomocysteinelevelswilllowertheriskofAlzheimer’s.Butthecaseforaddingfolicacidtoyourdietisgettingbetterallthetime.

Ofcoursethebestsourceofanyvitaminisahealthydiet.Forthoseofuswhostilldon’teatourbeansandvegetables,mostmultivitaminscontaintherecommendeddailyfolicaciddoseof400micrograms.(Eatingfourslicesofenrichedbreadgivesyoutheequivalentofroughly100micrograms.)Thereisnoriskofoverdose,althoughhighlevelsoffolicacidcanmaskthesignsofperniciousanemiainpeoplewhohavedevelopedthedisorder.Folicacidbyitselfmaynotkeepthedoctoraway,butthere’snoharmtrying.

1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

2.Theword“pernicious”inthelastparagraphmeans（）.

3.WhendidtheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationmandatethatfolicacidbeaddedtocerealproducts?

4.Thediseaseof“dementia”(paragraph4)hassomethingtodowith（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutfolicacid?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Folicacidisbestknownforitsroleinpreventingspinalbifida.

B.Thereisariskofoverdoseoffolicacid.

C.Thereisevidencethatfolicacidmayreducetheriskofheartdisease.

D.Ifyouhavehighhomocysteinelevels,youwillgetAlzheimer’s.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.mild

B.fatal

C.moderate

D.benign

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.1998

B.1990

C.2000

D.1997

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.spine

B.back

C.blood

D.mind

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.FolicacidisamemberoftheB-vitaminfamily.

B.Folicacidplaysacrucialroleinthedevelopmentofjustabouteverycellinthebody.

C.Folicacidbyitselfmaynotkeepthedoctoraway.

D.Folicacidreducestheriskofheartdisease

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句話“Thereissomeevidencethatfolicacidmayreducetheriskofheartdisease,butitisbestknownforitsroleinpreventingspinalbifidaandotherbirthdefects.（有一些證據(jù)表明，葉酸可能會降低患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但它最廣為人知的作用是預(yù)防脊柱裂和其他出生缺陷。）”。A選項(xiàng)“葉酸最著名的作用是預(yù)防脊柱裂”漏掉了“其他出生缺陷”；B選項(xiàng)“過量服用葉酸有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”說法錯誤，原文為“Thereisnoriskofoverdose…”；C選項(xiàng)“有證據(jù)表明葉酸可以降低患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)“如果你有高同型半胱氨酸水平，你會得老年癡呆癥。”說法錯誤，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.語義推測題。Pernicious“有害的，惡性的，致命的，險(xiǎn)惡的”。A選項(xiàng)“溫和的，輕微的，淡味的，文雅的”；B選項(xiàng)“致命的，重大的，毀滅性的，命中注定的”；C選項(xiàng)“穩(wěn)健的，溫和的，適度的，中等的，有節(jié)制的”；D選項(xiàng)“良性的，和藹的，親切的，吉利的”。B選項(xiàng)與題干意思最接近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到文章第一段最后一句“Indeedeversince1998,whentheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationmandatedthatitbeaddedtocerealproducts,thenumberofso-calledneural-tubedefectshasdroppednearly20%acrossAmerica.（事實(shí)上，自1998年美國食品和藥物管理局規(guī)定將其添加到谷類食品中以來，全美所謂的神經(jīng)管缺陷數(shù)量已經(jīng)下降了近20%。）”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。由題干定位到文章第四段“Thosepatientswhosehomocysteinelevelsmeasuredover14micromolesaliterwhiletheywerestillhealthyweretwiceaslikelytobediagnosedwithAlzheimer’sdiseaselateron.（那些健康時(shí)同型半胱氨酸水平超過14微克/升的患者，在以后被診斷為老年癡呆癥的可能性是正常人的兩倍。）”，由此可推斷出癡呆癥與大腦受損有關(guān)，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A選項(xiàng)“葉酸是b族維生素家族的一員”；B選項(xiàng)“葉酸在人體幾乎每個細(xì)胞的發(fā)育過程中都起著至關(guān)重要的作用”；C選項(xiàng)“葉酸本身并不能讓醫(yī)生遠(yuǎn)離你”在文中都有提到，D選項(xiàng)“葉酸降低患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”說法太絕對，文中說的是可能會降低，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Thisisacommonor（）dispute.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.door

B.toilet

C.garden

D.kitchen

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。commonorgarden“普通的，常見的，一般的”。句意：這是一個常見的爭論。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Thesealaylikeanunbrokenmirrorallaroundthepine-girl,lonelyshoresofOrr’sIsland.Tall,kinglysprucesworetheirregalcrownsofconeshighinair,sparklingwithdiamondsofclearexudedgum;vastoldhemlocksofprimevalgrowthstooddarklingintheirforestshadows,theirbrancheshungwithlonghoarymoss;whilefeatherylarches,turnedtobrilliantgoldbyautumnfrosts,lightedupthedarkershadowsoftheevergreens.Itwasoneofthosehazy,calm,dissolvingdaysofIndiansummer,wheneverythingissoquietthatthefaintestkissoftheWaveonthebeachcanbeheard,andwhitecloudsseemtofaintintotheblueofthesky,andsoftswathingbandsofvioletvapormakeallearthlookdreamy,andgivetothesharp,clear-cutoutlinesofthenorthernlandscapeallthosemysteriesoflightandshadewhichimpartsuchtendernesstoItalianscenery.

Thefuneralwasover,thetreadofmanyfeet,bearingtheheavyburdenoftwobrokenlives,hadbeentothelonelygraveyard,andhadcomebackagain,eachfootsteplighterandmoreunconstrainedaseachonewenthiswayfromthegreatoldtragedyofDeathtothecommoncheerfulwalksoflife.

Thesolemnblackclockstoodswayingwithitseternal“tick-tock,tick-tock”inthekitchenofthebrownhouseonOrr’sIsland.Therewastherethatsenseofastillnessthatcanbefelt,suchassettlersdownonadwellingwhenanyofitsinmateshavepassedthroughitsdoorforthelasttime,togowhencetheyshallnotreturn.Thebestroomwasshutupanddarkened,withonlysomuchlightascouldfallthroughalittleheart-shapedholeinthewidow-shutter,forexceptonsolemnvisits,orprayer-meetings,orweddings,orfunerals,thatroomformednopartofthedailyfamilyscenery.

Thekitchenwascleanandample,withagreatopenfireplaceandwidestonehearth,andovenononeside,androwsofold-fashionedsplint-bottomedchairsagainstthewall.Atablescouredtosnowywhiteness,andalittlework-standwhereonlaytheBible,theMissionaryHerald,andtheWeeklyChristianMirror,beforenamed,formedtheprincipalfurniture.Onefeature,however,mustnotbeforgotten,agreatsea-chest,whichhadbeenthecompanionofZephaniahthroughallthecountriesoftheearth.Old,andbattered,andunsightlyityetreportsaidthattherewasgoodstorewithinofthatwhichmenforthemostpartrespectmorethananythingelse;andindeed,itprovedoftenwhenadeedofgracewastobedone,whenawomanwassuddenlymadeawidowinacoastgale,orafishing-smackwasrundowninthefrogsoffthebanks,leavinginsomeneighboringcottageafamilyoforphans,inallsuchcases,theopeningthissea-chestwasaneventofgoodomentothebereaved;forZephaniahhadalargeheartandalargehand,andwasapttotakeitoutfullofsilverdollarswhenonceitwentin.SotheArkoftheCovenantcouldnothavebeenlookedonwithmorereverencethantheneighborsusuallyshowedtoCaptainPennell’ssea-chest.

1.ThewriterdescribesOrr’sIslandina（）manner.

2.Accordingtothepassage,the“bestroom”（）

3.Fromthedescriptionofthekitchenwecaninferthatthehousebelongstopeoplewho（）.

4.Thepassageimpliesthat（）.

5.FromthedescriptionofZephaniahwecantellthathe（）

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.emotionallyappealing,imaginative

B.rational,logicallyprecise

C.factuallydetailed,objective

D.vague,uncertain

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.hasitsmanywindowsboardedup.

B.hashadthefurnitureremoved.

C.isusedonlyonformalandceremoniousoccasions.

D.isthebusiestroominthehouse.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.neverhaveguests

B.likemodernreligious

C.probablyreligious

D.dislikehousework

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.fewpeopleattendedthefuneral

B.fishingisasecurevocation

C.theIslandisdenselypopulated

D.thehousebelongedtothedeceased

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.wasphysicallyaverybigman.

B.preferredthelonelylifeofasailor.

C.alwaysstayedathome.

D.wasfrugalandsavedalotofmoney.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。文章第一段作者在描寫奧爾島及周圍環(huán)境時(shí)，用了大量關(guān)乎情感色彩的形容詞和動詞加以述說，充分調(diào)動讀者的想象，引起感官上的共鳴。A選項(xiàng)“情感上有吸引力，富有想象力”；B選項(xiàng)“理性的，邏輯上精確的”；C選項(xiàng)“事實(shí)詳細(xì)的，客觀的”；D選項(xiàng)“模糊不清的”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Thebestroomwasshutupanddarkened,withonlysomuchlightascouldfallthroughalittleheart-shapedholeinthewidow-shutter,forexceptonsolemnvisits,orprayer-meetings,orweddings,orfunerals,thatroomformednopartofthedailyfamilyscenery.（最好的一間屋子關(guān)得嚴(yán)嚴(yán)的，昏暗的，只有從百葉窗上一個心形的小洞透進(jìn)來的光線，因?yàn)槌嗽谇f嚴(yán)的拜訪、祈禱會、婚禮或葬禮上，這間屋子是不構(gòu)成家庭日常生活的一部分的。）”，由此可知A選項(xiàng)“它的許多窗戶都用木板封住了”；B選項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)把家具搬走了”以及D選項(xiàng)“是家里最忙的房間”都不正確，C選項(xiàng)“只在正式和隆重的場合使用”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第四段“Atablescouredtosnowywhiteness,andalittlework-standwhereonlaytheBible,theMissionaryHerald,andtheWeeklyChristianMirror,beforenamed,formedtheprincipalfurniture.（一張擦得雪白的桌子，一個小針線架，上面放著事先提到的《圣經(jīng)》《傳教士傳令報(bào)》和《基督教鏡報(bào)》，構(gòu)成了這里的主要陳設(shè)。）”，由此可推斷出房子的主人可能是位宗教信徒。A選項(xiàng)“很少有客人”；B選項(xiàng)“喜歡現(xiàn)代宗教”；D選項(xiàng)“不喜歡做家務(wù)”說法都不夠確切，C選項(xiàng)“可能是宗教信徒”符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。聯(lián)系全文，隨處可見筆墨眾多的環(huán)境靜態(tài)描寫，而描寫房子時(shí)并未提到有人物活動的動態(tài)描寫。因此可推斷出該房子是死者的。A選項(xiàng)“很少有人參加葬禮”；B選項(xiàng)“捕魚是一份有保障的職業(yè)”；C選項(xiàng)“這個島人口密集”都不準(zhǔn)確，只有D選項(xiàng)“該房子屬于死者”符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章最后一段“Onefeature,however,mustnotbeforgotten,agreatsea-chest,whichhadbeenthecompanionofZephaniahthroughallthecountriesoftheearth.（然而，有一件事不能忘記，那就是一個航海用的大箱子，這是西番雅周游世界的伙伴。）”，由此可推斷出Zephaniah可能是個水手，且游歷全球時(shí)只有一個從海底撈起來的箱子做伴，略顯孤獨(dú)。A選項(xiàng)“他身材魁梧”；C選項(xiàng)“總是待在家里”；D選項(xiàng)“他很節(jié)儉，省了很多錢”說法都不準(zhǔn)確，B選項(xiàng)“寧愿過水手的孤獨(dú)生活”準(zhǔn)確，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Thefilmwasgiventheabsent（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.treatment

B.board

C.applause

D.comment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)treatment“治療，療法，處理，對待”；B選項(xiàng)board“董事會，木板，甲板，膳食”；C選項(xiàng)applause“歡呼，喝彩，鼓掌歡迎，掌聲”；D選項(xiàng)comment“評論，意見，批評，描述”。begiventheabsenttreatment指被冷落。句意：這部影片受到了觀眾冷落。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

14.翻譯題

中國傳統(tǒng)社會具有宗法社會的性質(zhì)，重視人倫關(guān)系成為其文化特色。孟子將“人倫”歸結(jié)為“父子有親，君臣有義，夫婦有別，長幼有序，朋友有信”。這五種基本的社會關(guān)系有四種關(guān)系與血緣和家庭有關(guān)，而國家關(guān)系正是這種血緣和家庭關(guān)系的擬制。人倫文化注重血緣親情，強(qiáng)調(diào)等級名分，強(qiáng)化社會成員的角色，著眼于家庭和社會利益的全局，注重內(nèi)部的秩序與凝聚力。正是在人倫文化的基礎(chǔ)上，形成了大一統(tǒng)的觀念和注重整體利益的價(jià)值取向。

傳統(tǒng)社會宗法關(guān)系強(qiáng)有力的紐帶作用和強(qiáng)調(diào)集權(quán)統(tǒng)一的觀念文化與制度文化，培養(yǎng)出中華民族注重整體利益的價(jià)值觀念。在這種價(jià)值觀念中，社會的利益、國家的利益和家庭的利益始終是第一位的，而地方的利益、局部的利益和個人利益往往被忽視。個性被湮滅在共性之中，整齊劃一是理想典范，標(biāo)新立異則是異端另類。

【答案】China’sancientsocietywaspatriarchalinnature,inwhichhumanrelationsweregivenpriority.Menciussummeduphumanrelationsas“Betweenfatherandson,thereshouldbeaffection;betweensovereignandminister,righteousness;betweenhusbandandwife,attentiontotheirseparatefunctions;betweenoldandyoung,aproperorder;andbetweenfriends,fidelity.”O(jiān)utofthesefivebasichumanrelations,fourwererelatedwithbloodtiesandfamily.Staterelationshipwasacopyofthiskindoffamilybloodrelationship.Theculturebasedonhumanrelationsheldasessentialthebloodrelationships,andhighlightedpeople’ssocialstatus.Withaviewtotheoverallsituationofthefamilyandsocialinterests,itpaidspecialattentiontotheinternalorderandcohesiveness.Itwasonthebasisofthisculturethattheconceptofgreatnationalunityandcollectivismcameintobeing.

TheChinesevalueofcollectivismwascultivatedbytheforcefultieofthepatriarchalrelationsandthecultureofideologyandinstitutionthatgaveprominencetocentralizationandunity.Theinterestofthesociety,thecountryandthefamilywasalwayscountednumberonewhilethatofthelocality,thepart,ortheindividualsometimesignored.Individualitygavewaytouniversality.Uniformitywasconsideredapotheosiswhereasunconventionality,heterodoxy.

15.單選題

Ifyoukeepgettingwrongnumbers,yourphonecouldbe（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deficient

B.deceptive

C.defective

D.ineffective

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)deficient“不足的；有缺陷的；不充分的”，尤指數(shù)量不足；B選項(xiàng)deceptive“欺詐的；迷惑的；虛偽的”；C選項(xiàng)defective“有缺陷的；不完美的”，尤指質(zhì)量不佳；D選項(xiàng)ineffective“失效的，不起作用的，無效的”。句意：如果你總是打錯電話，你的電話可能是無效的。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.翻譯題

直到不久前，韓國以外還很少有人知道“江南”這個位于首爾東南部的一個上流社區(qū)，這里的居民數(shù)量約占首爾人口總數(shù)的5%。然后，樸載相橫空出世。更具體地說，應(yīng)該是這位韓國流行歌手的單曲《江南Style》橫空出世。這首歌今年夏季在YouTube上紅透半邊天。整個互聯(lián)網(wǎng)到處都是模仿它的視頻，從澳大利亞到秘魯都有以《江南Style》為主題的快閃活動；喝著燒酒簽下美國唱片合約，占據(jù)美國電視黃金時(shí)段；甚至還有人深入分析騎馬舞。但對于很多人來說，那個老問題仍然存在：“江南”到底是什么樣的？江南區(qū)不乏知名品牌，但要想找到高端、小眾的精品時(shí)裝店，可以去Cheongdam和Shinsa等街區(qū)。在這里你會找到前衛(wèi)的國際品牌概念商店，還有本土?xí)r裝大牌。這里的商店都價(jià)格不菲，但要像樸載相所說的那樣“穿得優(yōu)雅、舞得奔放”，就得花這個代價(jià)。奉恩寺(Bongeunsa)位于首爾江南區(qū)修道山上，是韓國歷史最悠久的寺廟之一。盡管在李氏王朝初期，儒家思想受到的推崇超過了佛教，但在16世紀(jì)中葉，在普雨(Bowoo)大禪師的指導(dǎo)下，奉恩寺作為韓國主要的禪宗佛教中心開始興旺起來。如果你想獲得一些點(diǎn)化，可以參加一個為期兩天的住寺活動，主要是一些修身養(yǎng)性的活動，比如齋飯、茶道和冥想等。

【答案】Untilrecently,fewpeopleoutsideofSouthKoreahadheardofGangnam,anupscaleneighborhoodinSeoul’ssoutheastthathousesroughly5%ofthecapital’spopulation.Then,asingernamedPsyhasmadethewholeworldamazing.

Morespecifically,theK-popmusician’s‘GangnamStyle’,whichwentviralonYouTubeoverthesummer.Videosof‘GangnamStyle’imitationshowcanbeseenallovertheinternet.‘GangnamStyle’flashmobsfromAustraliatoPeru.HavingsignedaUnitiedStatesrecorddealwithhisshochu;Psy’s‘GangnamStyle’dominatesAmericanTVprimetime.Andevendrawoutofanin-depthanalysesofthathorsedance.

Butformany,thequestionstillremains:WhatgoesoninGangnam,anyway?

There’sfullofbrandnamesinGangnam.Butforarangeofupscale,nicheboutiques,headtothedistrictsofCheongdamandShinsa.Thisiswhereyou’llfindfashion-forwardinternationalconceptstoresalongsidehome-grownhavensofchic.Storesherearen’tcheap,butthat’sthepriceyoupayto‘dressclassy,anddancecheesy,’asPsyputsit.

Bongeunsa,locatedinGangnamConventMountain,istheoldesttime-honoredtempleinSouthKorea.ThoughBuddhismwasmorepopularthanConfucianismearlyinLidynasty,undertheguidanceofBowoomaster,BongeunsabegantoprosperasSouthKorea’smainZenBuddhistCenterinthemid-16thcentury.

Ifyouwanttogetsomeenlightenment,youcantakepartinatwo-dayAbbotActivities,mainlyincludingself-cultivationactivities,suchasvegetarianfood,ateaceremonyandmeditation.

17.單選題

Beneaththerhetoricaboutwhoispracticingapurerformofthesportisanastybattleoverwhowilldominateaccesstotherocks——aficionadosof“sport”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.creators

B.enthusiasts

C.organizers

D.advocators

【答案】B

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)creators“創(chuàng)作者，造物主”；B選項(xiàng)enthusiasts“熱心人，熱衷者，狂熱者”；C選項(xiàng)organizers“主辦單位，舉辦方，舉辦者”；D選項(xiàng)advocator“提倡者，擁護(hù)者”。句意：在關(guān)于誰在練習(xí)一種更純粹的運(yùn)動形式的言辭背后，是一場關(guān)于誰將主導(dǎo)進(jìn)入巖石運(yùn)動的惡戰(zhàn)——“體育”的狂熱者。Aficionados“迷，狂熱愛好者”，B選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Corporationsasagroupofferavarietyofjobs.Mostlargecompaniessendpeopletocollegestocollegestointerviewgraduatingstudentswiththerequiredacademictraining.Alargeuniversitymayhavemorethan500companiesayearknockingonitsdoors.Bigfirmsareyourbestplaceforajobbecausetheirnormalgrowth,employeeretirements,andturnovercreatethousandsofjobsnationwideeachyear.

Corporations,however,illustratetherulethatthebiggestisn’talwaysthebest.Manysmallfirmswithjustafewhundredemployeeshavepositionsthatmaycorrespondwithyourprofessiongoals,too.Suchfirmsmaynothavethetime,money,orneedtosendpeoplearoundtoyourcollege;you’llprobablyhavetocontactthemyourselfeitherdirectlyorthroughanemploymentagency.Don’tignoretheselittlecompanies.Theirsalariesareusuallycompetitiveandthechancesforadvancementandrecognitionevenstrongerthanthoseofabigfirm.Youcouldbecomeabigfishinasmallpond,reachingahigh-levelpositionmorequicklythanyouwouldifyouhadclimbedthemostcompetitiveladderofacorporategiant.

Forexample,asmallcompanymayneedabrightengineering,accountingormanagementgraduatewhowouldreportdirectlytotheseniorvice-presidentofengineering,thecompanycontroller,orthegeneralmanager.Inlargerfirmsitmaytakeyearstoreachlevelandaccumulatesimilarin-depthexperience.Inaddition,responsibilitiesmaycomefasterinasmallfirmwithlessspecializationandfewerlower-levelemployeestoreceivedelegatedauthority.

1.Thepurposeofthepassageis（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEoflargecorporations?

3.Theword“Their”(paragraph2,line6)refersto（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofsmallfirm?

5.Withwhomisthepassagemostprobablyconcerned?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.todefinecorporationsandfirms

B.toshowtherelationbetweenfirmsandcolleges

C.toinformthejob-seekeroftheemploymentrequirements

D.togiveadescriptionofcorporationsforcollegestudents

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theyonlyemploycollegegraduates.

B.Theycanoffermanyjobopportunities.

C.Theyhavemanysub-companiesnationwide.

D.Theirrequirementsareverycompetitive.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.corporations’

B.graduatingstudents’

C.smallfirms’

D.employers’

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itmaybeunnecessaryforthemtosendpeopletocolleges.

B.Theiremployeesmaybepromotedmorequickly.

C.Theymayofferpositionswhichyoudemand.

D.Theycannotaffordtosendpeopletocollege.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Students

B.Employers

C.Employees

D.Engineers

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文開篇為我們介紹corporations的一些特點(diǎn)：corporations提供各種類型的工作；平均每年有超過500家corporations會派面試人員去高校找尋合適的高校畢業(yè)人才；大公司有相對完善的職工培訓(xùn)和退休機(jī)制，每年的年產(chǎn)值能創(chuàng)造出上千個工作崗位。接下來說明大企業(yè)也有一些缺陷，這些缺陷正是小公司的優(yōu)勢所在，為此作者還詳細(xì)說明了這些優(yōu)勢的具體表現(xiàn)。文章最后舉例說明與大企業(yè)相比較，小公司對畢業(yè)生而言的優(yōu)勢。本文通過比較論證讓我們更加清楚什么是corporation。A選項(xiàng)“定義corporations和firms”；B選項(xiàng)“展示公司和大學(xué)之間的關(guān)系”；C選項(xiàng)“告知求職者有關(guān)的就業(yè)要求”都不符合題意，D選項(xiàng)“為大學(xué)生描述公司”正確，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可定位到文章第一段“Bigfirmsareyourbestplaceforajobbecausetheirnormalgrowth,employeeretirements,andturnovercreatethousandsofjobsnationwideeachyear.（大公司是最適合工作的地方，因?yàn)樗鼈兊恼Ｔ鲩L、員工退休和人員流動每年在全國范圍內(nèi)創(chuàng)造了成千上萬的工作機(jī)會。）”可知大企業(yè)工作機(jī)會很多。A選項(xiàng)“他們只雇傭大學(xué)畢業(yè)生”說法錯誤；B選項(xiàng)“他們可以提供很多工作機(jī)會”正確；C選項(xiàng)“他們在全國有很多子公司”和D選項(xiàng)“他們的職位需求很有競爭力”文中沒有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語義推測題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段第五句話“Theirsalariesareusuallycompetitiveandthechancesforadvancementandrecognitionevenstrongerthanthoseofabigfirm.（他們的薪水通常很有競爭力，晉升和認(rèn)可的機(jī)會甚至比大公司還要大。）”。由此可知這里是拿大公司的薪水與小公司的薪水相比。A選項(xiàng)“公司的”；B選項(xiàng)“畢業(yè)生的”；D選項(xiàng)“老板的”都不符合題意，C選項(xiàng)“小公司的”符合題意，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可定位到文章第二段最后一句“Youcouldbecomeabigfishinasmallpond,reachingahigh-levelpositionmorequicklythanyouwouldifyouhadclimbedthemostcompetitiveladderofacorporategiant.（你可以成為一個小池塘里的大魚，比你爬上一個公司巨頭競爭最激烈的階梯更快地到達(dá)另一個高層位置。）”可知小公司提供的職位比你想要的還高。A選項(xiàng)“他們可能沒有必要送人上大學(xué)”；B選項(xiàng)“他們的員工可能會升職更快”；D選項(xiàng)“他們供不起員工上大學(xué)”文章都有提到，C選項(xiàng)“他們可能提供你需要的職位”說法錯誤，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。從文中第一段說很多大企業(yè)去校園進(jìn)行招聘并述說了你在大或者小企業(yè)里各自所獲他們各自的工作優(yōu)勢，可知本文是想給那些學(xué)生尤其是即將畢業(yè)的學(xué)生介紹一些有關(guān)大企業(yè)和小公司的特點(diǎn)，為他們就業(yè)提供更多參考。A選項(xiàng)“學(xué)生”；B選項(xiàng)“雇主”；C選項(xiàng)“員工”；D選項(xiàng)“工程師”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

TheRepublicanlandslideinthe2010mid-termssweptanewbreedofconservativezealotintooffice,destroyingthemiddlegroundandmakinglegislatingnexttoimpossible.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensation

B.teetering

C.fanatic

D.prod

【答案】C

【解析】考查同義名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sensation“感覺，轟動，感動”；B選項(xiàng)teeter“蹺蹺板，搖擺