狀語從句語法講解

1、高中英語狀語從句一、定義：在句中作狀語的從句是狀語從句，修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞等.狀語從句由從屬連詞 引導(dǎo)，從屬連詞在句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用,狀語從句放在句首時(shí)，要用逗號(hào),放在句 尾時(shí)不用.二、分類根據(jù)意義上的不同,狀語從句可分為：時(shí)間狀語從句 地點(diǎn)狀語從句 原因狀語從句 目的狀語從句 條件狀語從句 結(jié)果狀語從句讓步狀語從句 方式狀語從句 比較 狀語從句三、時(shí)間狀語從句主句是一般將來時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來；主句是 過去將來時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來時(shí)；主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí).記 憶：“主將從現(xiàn)”引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞有：As, when (whe

2、never), before, after, as soon as, until (till), since, every time, once.、具體應(yīng)用1)“while”主、從句動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)發(fā)生用while引導(dǎo)的從句用延續(xù)性 動(dòng)詞，常表示較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間或一個(gè)過程.記憶：While后用進(jìn)行時(shí).While we were having supper, all the lights went out.Please keep quiet while others are studying.While I was writing letters last night, he was watching

3、TV. 2)When 表示“就在的時(shí)候”，while 意為反而，可是,表示轉(zhuǎn)折.One evening Beethoven was walking in a street, when he suddenly stopped outside a little house.Whenever無論什么時(shí)候，隨時(shí)Whenever someone throws in some rubbish, the truck produces a piece of music.每當(dāng)有人扔進(jìn)一些垃圾時(shí)，它(汽車)就放一段音樂.Whenever we re in trouble, they will help us.I

4、go to the theatre, whenever I am free.Come and see me whenever you want to.你隨時(shí)來看我. till和until(表示“直到”)句首多用until1、在肯定句中表示“直到為止”，主句謂語動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.I was waiting until/till he arrived.2、在否定句中表示“直到才”主句謂語動(dòng)詞常用終止性動(dòng)詞，這時(shí)until和till常被before 替換.I didn t leave till/until she came back.since:主句用完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí),since引導(dǎo)的從句

5、間或可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).It is two years since I have studied English.We have known each other since we were children.We have been friends (ever since) since we met at school.It is (一段時(shí)間)+since+一般過去時(shí)態(tài)句子.It is two years since my sister married.（一段時(shí)間）have/has passed since +一般過去時(shí)態(tài)句子Two sisters have/has passed since m

6、y sister married.Since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)I have been at home since three o clock this afternoon.Maria has been in China since two years ago.6）Every time, each time, next timeEvery time you get back at night, you drop your boots on the floor.Every time I catch cold, I have pain in my back.Next time I go there, I wi

7、ll visit them.7）once 一旦就Once you begin, you must go on,你一開了頭，就應(yīng)該繼續(xù)下去.四、地點(diǎn)狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句用where, wherever引導(dǎo)We should go where the people need us我們應(yīng)該去人民需要我們的地方.Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成.Wherever they went, they received a worm welcome.無論他們走到哪兒都受到熱烈歡迎.She follow him whose he goes.他無論到哪里

8、她總跟著.五、原因狀語從句原因狀語從句用because（因?yàn)椋?since（既然）,as（由于）引導(dǎo)1、字母由多到少，語氣由強(qiáng)到弱.2、由why提問必須用because回答.Since, as不回答why的提問，而且從句一般放在句首,because 一般放在主句之后.3、before of +名詞Because of the rain, we didn t go to the park.4、because和so不可連用，只能選其一.（另有although, but）Why didn t he come to school? Because he was ill.Since I must die

9、, I must.既然我一定要死，我一定這樣做.Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, Mr Smith wanted to give John a Chance.5、for并列連詞,不能放在句首，主要放在兩個(gè)并列句之間.For所提供的理由為一個(gè)補(bǔ)充說明, 而且前面常有逗號(hào)隔開.The days we short, for it is December now.六、目的狀語從句 目的狀語從句用so(常用于口語),that, so that, in order that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的謂語常含有may, might, can, could, s

10、hould, would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞.Well sit never to the front so we can hear well.He studied hard so that he might succeed.Ill speak slowly so that you can take notes.They hurried to the station in order that they could catch the train.I took a taxi so that I could get there earlier.I m going to the lecture early s

11、o that I may get a good seat.七、條件狀語從句條件狀語從句由if, unless, (so) as long as(只需)引導(dǎo)在條件狀語從句中要用一般時(shí)表示將來時(shí)(與時(shí)間狀語從句相同)We will miss the train if you don t hurry.He said we would miss the train if we didnt hurry.You will fail the exam unless you study hard.=(if you don t study hard)He won t come unless he is invi

12、ted.=(if he isnt invited)Eat less food unless you want to become fatter.=(if you don t want to become better)As long as you are not afraid of difficulties, you are sure to succeed.As long as you dont lose heart, you will succeed.八、結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句由suchthat, so.that, so that, that引導(dǎo)Suchthat的常用句型such +a/a

13、n +形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+thatsuch +形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+thatSuch+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(不可數(shù)名詞)+that注意 so many (much, few, little) +名詞,such a lot of (或 lots of)+名詞是慣用法，不可亂用.She is such a beautiful girl that we all like her.They were such beautiful flower that we bought home.It was such delicious food that they ate it up.so+形容詞或副詞+th

14、atso+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+thatHe is so rich that he can buy lot of things for himself.He works so hard that he did everything well.It was so hot a day that we all went swimming.It was such a good day that we all went swimming.3.so that, that都可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句He didnt study hard, (so) that he failed the exam.4.

15、Tooto, enough們 可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句與sothat替換,sothat結(jié)構(gòu)可以用tooto 替換必須具備兩個(gè)條件,一是主句和結(jié)果狀語從句的主語必須一致，二是從句中的謂語部分必 須含有 can (could) not.She is young that she can t go to school.She is too young to go to school.She isnt old enough to go to school.九、讓步狀語從句although, thougheven though = even if, whether “orhowever = no matte

16、r howwhatever = no matter whatwhoever = no matter whowhenever = no matter whenwherever = no matter wherealthough和though都表示“雖然”只是although更正式，多用于句首，而though用于句中, 二者都可與yet, still連用,但不與but連用Although/Though they are poor, they often help others.They are poor, but they often help others.Although he has fai

17、led many times, he doesn t give up trying.Whatever/No matter what you say, I won t believe you.No matter what you say, I don t care.No matter who you are, you must obey the rules of our school.However hard he tried, he failed again.No matter what the weather is like, you can always find surfers out

18、riding the waves.十、方式狀語從句方式狀語從句由as(如同，按照),as if (though)引導(dǎo)*as和like都有“像”的意思,as是連詞，后面連接句子,like是介詞后面可加名詞、代詞或名 詞性短語.I did the work as others did.相當(dāng)于 I did like others.You must do as I do.as if(though)兩者意義相同，從句謂語動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語氣,但實(shí)現(xiàn)可能性較大,則用連接詞.It seems as if/though it s going to rain.They are talking as if/thoug

19、h they were old friends.She treats me as if I were her brother.When you are in home,do as the Romans do.例 You must do I told you.A. after B. before C. where D. as (D)The students must do the teacher told them.A. as B. before C. after D. if (A)十一、比較狀語從句比較狀語從句由asas, not as(so),as, than, the+比較級(jí),the+比較

20、級(jí)引導(dǎo)He swims as well as you. (do)He doesn t swim as well as you (do).He got here earlier than you. (did)The busier he is, the happier he feels.英語語法狀語從句類型綜述狀語從句主要用來修飾主句 或主句的謂語.一般可分為九大類，分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、 比較和方式.盡管種類較多，但由于狀語從句與漢語結(jié)構(gòu)和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不 難.狀語從句的關(guān)鍵是要掌握引導(dǎo)不同狀語從句的常用連接詞和特殊的連接詞即考點(diǎn)現(xiàn)分別 列舉如下：1.時(shí)

21、間狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引 導(dǎo)詞：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when I didn t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.While Jo

22、hn was watching TV, his wife was cooking.The children ran away from the orchard(果 園)the moment they saw the guard.No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. 2.地點(diǎn)狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：where特殊引導(dǎo)詞：wherever, anywhere, everywhereGenerally, air will be h

23、eavilypolluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard. 3.原因狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：because,since, as, since 特殊引導(dǎo)詞：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, inasmuch as, insomuch as My friends dislike me because I m handsome and successful.Now that eve

24、rybody has come, let s begin our conference.The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more. Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.目的狀語從句 常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that, in order that 特殊引導(dǎo)詞：lest, in case, for fear that,in

25、 the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly. 結(jié)果狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：so - that, sothat, such - that,特殊引導(dǎo)詞：such that, to the

26、 degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that, He got up so early that he caught the first bus.It s such a good chance that we must not miss it.To such an degree was he excited that he couldn t sleep last night.6.條件狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：if, unless,特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition thatWe ll start our project if the president agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.7.讓步狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：though, although, even if