高速列車技術發(fā)展ppt課件

1、高速列車電技術的開展Development of Electric Technology for High Speed Train.1 .高速鐵路網的跨越式開展催生了高速列車技術的跨越式開展(The Leap-forward development of high-speed railway lines leads to the leap-forward development of high-speed train technologies) 高速鐵路是現(xiàn)代文明社會的一個夢，地球上不少地方已圓了這個夢，中國也是的！(High-speed railway is a dream of moder

2、n civilized society, which has come true in many countries. So has in China!). 2021年鐵路運營里程9萬公里以上 (Operation railway mileage in 2021 reaches 90,000km); 快速客運網總規(guī)模2萬公里以上 (Fast passenger line as long as 20,000km)運轉速度 250 Km/h 以上 (Running speed as high as 250km/h and up)投資總額2萬億RMB以上：20072021干線網，20212020支線

3、網。(Total investment tops over 2000 billion RMB Yuan: for mainline from 2007 to 2021, for branch line from 2021 to 2020)。 “中長期鐵路網規(guī)劃 “Mid-to-long Term Plan of Railway Line.高速鐵路客運網(High-speed Passenger Line) “四縱四橫骨架與客運專線 ( - Four Longitudinal Lines & Four Lateral Lines and the Dedicated Passenger Line

4、：Framework)“四縱(Four Longitudinal) 北京上海1318 Km北京武漢深圳2260 Km北京哈爾濱1700 Km 杭州福州深圳1600 Km “四橫(FourLateral )：徐州蘭州1400 Km杭州長沙880 Km青島石家莊太原770 Km南京武漢成都1600 Km.2. 夢境列車馳騁神州(Trains, with your dreams, run over mainland China) 高速鐵路網主要包括 (High-speed railway net composed of )： - 高質量的工務根底設備 (Top-quality engineering

5、 fundamental infrastructure) - 先進的動力設備和列車 (Advanced power equipment and train) - 信號傳輸 (Signal transmission) - 牽引供電系統(tǒng)( Traction power supply system) - 快速指揮調度管理系統(tǒng) (Fast dispatch and management system) - 綜合效力系統(tǒng) (Comprehensive service system). “調和號CRH高速列車CRH High-speed Train (Train of Harmony)制造過程中十余個省、

6、 一百余個企業(yè)對約145個子系統(tǒng)、1.2萬個零部件的調和協(xié)作；Harmony between human-beings: in harmony is the cooperation of about ten provinces and one hundred companies on 145 sub-systems and 12000 components during the production; 運營過程中效力質量與乘客文明素質的調和。 in harmony is the service quality and passenger quality during operation. .

7、人與自然的調和： 節(jié)能、環(huán)保(Harmony between human-being and nature: energy-saving, environmental friendly).2022年7月15日9.3. 上下求索之路Road to Pursue the Truth in the World 加強自主創(chuàng)新才干，掌握中心技術； Enhancing the independent innovative capability , master core technologies 。把原始創(chuàng)新、集成創(chuàng)新、引進消化吸收再創(chuàng)新相結合，螺旋式前進。 Combining original inno

8、vation、 integrated innovation as well as re-innovation based on introduction and absorption, for spiral improvement， spiraling forward 。. 3.1 自主開發(fā)(Self-development).3.2 吸收再創(chuàng)新(Absorption and Re-innovation)“引進先進技術、結合設計制造、打造中國品牌，自創(chuàng)并吸收世界先進文明成果，掌握高速列車的關鍵技術。經過再創(chuàng)新，建立了“調和號產品系列和技術體系。(“Introduction of top tec

9、hnologies, joint design and production, building of Chinese brand. To grasp the critic technologies of high-speed train in the light of and via absorption of advanced world civilization achievements. Through re-innovation, the CRH train systems and technology systems have been built. ).高速列車技術 High S

10、peed Train Technology 優(yōu)良動力學性能(Outsta- nding Dynamics Performans) 車體氣密性技術(Car Body Air-tightness Technology) 交流傳動技術(AC Drive Technology 網絡控制技術(Train Net Control Technology) 高速受流技術(High-speed Current Collection Technology) 復合制動技術(Compound Brake Technology ) 智能診斷技術(Intelligent Diagnosis Technology ) 完備

11、檢修技術(Complete Overhaul Technology).交流傳動AC Drive Technology 高速列車要到達高速運轉，必需具有大功率的牽引系統(tǒng)，速度在 300km/h以上的高速列車牽引功率需在10MW左右。大功率“交-直-交變流技術是現(xiàn)代高速列車電力牽引的中心。(In order to realize high-speed running, the train must have high power drive system, whose drive power will be about 10MW when the speed is over 300km/h。Hig

12、h power “AC-DC-AC converter technology is the core of modern high-speed train electric traction。).交流傳動系統(tǒng)集成(Traction Drive System Integration)power semiconductor devicestraction convertersensorassistant power supply equipment train running supervisory equipmenttrain control system.3.3 電力電子技術的快速開展Rapi

13、d Development of Power Electronics Technology 不控和半控器件 電流全控器件 電壓全控器件 功率集成器件；uncontrolled and half-controlled device current full-controlled device voltage full-controlled device integrated power device；器件體積減少了34個數(shù)量級；Device volume decreases by three to four orders of magnitude；大功率器件的開關時間從毫秒級降到了微秒級；小功率

14、的甚至降到納秒級；Time switch of high power device reduces from millisecond to microsecond, which of low power device even decreases to nanosecond ;任務頻率從50Hz添加到兆赫級;(Power frequency increases from 50Hz to megahertz ;)變流器的功率程度從幾伏安提高到幾百兆伏安，電壓從伏級提高到幾千伏級。(Power level of converter increases from several volt amper

15、e to several hundred megawatts volt ampere ，voltage increases from volt to several kilo-volt 。).牽引變流器關鍵技術Key Technology of Traction Converter 根底研討成果(Fundament Research Achievement )高壓IGBT技術研討IGBT High-Voltage Technology ResearchIGBT與FRD芯片構造研討Research on architecture of IGBT chip and FRD chipIGBT 芯片構

16、造與電特性關系研討Relationship between structure and electrical characteristic of IGBT chipIGBT模塊可靠性技術研討IGBT module reliability technology research IGBT相模塊(IGBT phase module ) IGBT器件IGBT device牽引變流器冷卻技術研討Traction Converter Cooling Technology Research各種冷卻技術的研討Research on various cooling technologies 牽引變流器熱設計仿

17、真Traction converter thermal desigh simuation 穩(wěn)態(tài)/瞬態(tài)下散熱和冷卻研討Research on radiation and cooling under steady-state and transient state .常用電壓型變流器(Voltage Source Converter in Common Use ).三電平變流器(Three-level Converter).牽引變流器(Traction Converter) 一臺牽引變流器為4臺牽引電機電源的控制設備，由脈沖整流器、直流平滑電路、逆變器、真空交流接觸器等主電路設備和無觸點控制安裝、

18、控制電源等控制電路設備構成。A traction converter provides control for four traction motor power supply，which is composed of main circuit equipments( such as pulse rectifier、DC smoothing circuit、inverter、ac vacuum contactor and so on) and control circuit equipments (such as non-contact control device、control power

19、 supply and so on). traction converter empty cabinetcabinet overhaulcabinet welding.信息技術的快速開展(Rapid Development of Information Technology )模擬安裝數(shù)?；旌习惭b數(shù)字安裝單片機DSP (analog device analog/digital mixed-device digital device MCU DSP )DSP從10位64位，主頻從 20MHz提高到 1GHz以上，運算速度添加使MAC1次乘法和1次加法時間從 400ns 降低到 10ns； (DS

20、P:10-Bit 64-Bit, clock frequency improved from 20MHz to 1GHz。 The increase of calculation speed decreases MAC( one multiplication and one addition )time from 400ns to 10ns。 )可編程邏輯芯片從十幾門邏輯提高到百萬門邏輯； Programmable Logic chip increases from dozens of gate logic to millions of gate logic 。不斷提高的DSP的處置速度和容量

21、及推行運用 (constantly increased DSP processing speed and capacity as well as its application )新的控制硬件與控制戰(zhàn)略(new control hardware and control strategy).轉子磁場定向控制(Rotor Field-oriented Control )rotating speed adjustor torque current adjustor flux generatorfield current adjustorrotor flux observer .直接轉矩控制(Dire

22、ct Torque Control).四象限脈沖整流器控制(4-Quardant Pulse Rectifier Control)輕載牽引或制開工況下功率因數(shù)控制技術研討(study of power factor control under low load traction or braking conditions )無電網電壓傳感器的四象限控制戰(zhàn)略研討(research on 4-Quardant control strategy without voltage sensors )級連式多電平高壓大功率牽引變流器四象限控制系統(tǒng)研討(research on 4-Quardant cont

23、rol system of cascade multilevel high voltage large power traction converter).粘著與蠕滑率控制(Adhesion and Slip Control)輪軌粘著特性的實時檢測和斷定 (real-time detection and estimation of wheel/rail adhesion characteristics )蠕滑檢測 (slip measurement)傳動系統(tǒng)非線性對粘著控制性能影響 (influence of drive system nonlinearity on adhesion cont

24、rol performance)drive wheeldirection of motiontraction powerroad surfacedry road surfacemoist road surfacecreepage velocity.列車網絡控制系統(tǒng)構造Train Network Control System Structuredriver control and panel switchfire alarmtrain instruction.分布式列車控制系統(tǒng) Distribute Train Control System.根底軟件(Foundational Software

25、)運用軟件(application software)網絡控制系統(tǒng)軟件Network Control System Software 軟件質量管理(Software Quality Management )運營維護軟件(operating maintenance software )功能驗證和仿真軟件(Function verification and simulation software)控制軟件(control software)運營維護軟件接口(operating maintenance software interface)控制軟件接口 (control software inter

26、face)網絡協(xié)議棧(network protocol stack)板級支持包(board support package)實時操作系統(tǒng)(real time operating system )工具軟件(utility software).牽引傳動系統(tǒng)建模與仿真Traction Drive System Model and SimulationdSPACE牽引變壓器Traction transformer整流器中間回路Rectifier DC-link逆變器電機Inverter motor控制計算機Control computer接口單元Interface unit.消費線 1Producti

27、on Line 1.消費線 2Production Line 2 .4. 路漫漫Road to Infinity 新資料、新工藝、新技術，促使包括高速度列車在內的軌道運輸配備更節(jié)能、環(huán)保、人性化，從部件到整體的技術正閱歷新的變化。 New materials, new processes and new technologies make the rail equipment including high speed trains to be more energy saving, environment-friendly and human oriented .The technology,

28、 from component to system, is living through new changes.4.1 新型變流器(Novel Converter)簡化電路，減少有源或無源器件 (simplified circuit, reducing active or passive device )降耗節(jié)能 (loss reducing and energy saving).矩陣變流器Matrix Converter.9開關交-交變流器Nine-Switch AC-AC Converter.雙電平交-直-交阻抗源變流器Two-Lever AC-DC-AC Z-Source Conver

29、ter.三電平交-直-交阻抗源變流器Three-Lever AC-DC-AC Z-Source Converter.軟開關變流器(soft-switch power converter) 軟開關條件：一方面是反復地使器件上的電壓為零、或強迫流過器件的電流為零，并隨即堅持一個足夠長的時間以完成換流；另一方面，器件必需在零電壓或零電流期間，盡快完成換流過程。 (Soft-switch conditions: one side, repeatedly bringing device voltage to zero、or forcing current through device to be zer

30、o, and holding enough time to finish current convert; on the other hand, device must finish current convert during the course of zero voltage or zero current 。)目前有兩類電路可以滿足前一方面的要求：諧振直流環(huán)節(jié)調和振吸收回路。 (Now there are two types of circuit which can satisfy the former request: resonant DC-Link and resonance a

31、bsorption circuit 。).準諧振電路QRDCL circuit.諧振吸收電路 resonance absorption circuit .4.2 新控制戰(zhàn)略Novel Control Strategies .間接式定子量控制Indirect Stator-Quantities Control.復合式智能控制Combined Intelligent ControlExample: fuzzy sliding-mode control using adaptive tuning technique .Example: sliding mode neuro-adaptive cont

32、rol.4.3 牽引變壓器的革命Revolution of Traction TransformerA ) 超導變壓器 (Superconducting Transformer)采用超導導線替代銅導線，使超導變壓器具有小型輕量、低耗高效的特點。 (Replacing copper wire with superconducting wire makes superconducting transformer become miniaturization and lightweight 、low consumption and higher efficiency。 由液態(tài)氮冷卻的鉍系列化合物如B

33、i2223、Bi2212高溫超導資料開場運用于制造電氣設備和電纜。 Bismuth compound high temperature superconducting materials such as Bi2223、Bi2212 cooled with liquid nitrogen have been applied to manufacture electric equipment and cable。.B ) 電子變壓器Electrical Transformer 級聯(lián)變流器和中頻耦合變壓器的供電電路。 Power supply electric circuit of cascaded

34、 converter and intermediate frequency coupling transformer。功率1MVA的400Hz變比11中頻變壓器的分量為450 kg，短路電抗為 18.9 %，效率達96.2 %。 Weight of 400 Hz intermediate frequency transformer with 1MVA powertransformation ratio 1：1is 450kg,whose short-circuit reactance is 18.9% and efficiency is 96.2 %。 .transformertraditio

35、nal single phase AC locomotive4-Quardant convertertraction motorDC-link circuit and snubber circuitelectrical transformerfront-end reactorintermediate frequency transformersecondary side converterinverterfrequency converter.4.4 無齒輪的直接傳動Gearless Direct Drive電動機直接套在輪軸上，電機產生的轉矩不經齒輪而是直接傳送到輪對上去,可節(jié)省空間和費用。

36、 (motor directly surrounds wheel axle and torque produced by motor directly transfers to wheel pair without through gear, which efficiently saves space and expense。)直接傳動特別適宜永磁同步牽引電動機傳動。 (Direct drive especially applys to permanent magnet synchronous motor drive 。).4.5 永磁同步牽引傳動系統(tǒng)(Permanent Magnet Syn

37、chronous Traction Drive System)高效high efficiency高功率密度high power density可控性controllability減少空間尺寸reduce space size無齒輪直接傳動gearless direct drive.AGVPM motor for AGVItalys NTV, has placed firm orders worth 650 million (US$953 million) for 25 trains (with options for 10 more), and has signed a maintenance

38、 contract with Alstom. Production of the first trains will begin in mid-2021, and they will be delivered from 2021 onwards. .Maximum rpm4500Traction power（kW）720Braking power（kW）720Continuous power（kW）720Electric network (V)DC 3000Polarity12Efficiency (RC)97%Frame size (mm)650Frame length (mm)650 diameterTotal weight (kg)730Specifica