探究抽油機(jī)井桿管偏磨的預(yù)防

1、 探究抽油機(jī)井桿管偏磨的預(yù)防摘要:文章分析了抽油機(jī)井桿管磨損的主要原因,井斜、管柱結(jié)構(gòu)、桿管組合及生產(chǎn)參數(shù)不合理是造成桿管偏磨的主要因素,并提出了合理防治對策。Abstract: the article analyzes the pumping Wells rod tube wear, the main reasons for the deviation, the string structure, the rod tube combination and the unreasonable production parameters is the main factor causing rod

2、 tube eccentric wear, and put forward the reasonable countermeasures.關(guān)鍵詞:抽油機(jī);井桿管;偏磨Key words: pumping unit; Well tube bar; Eccentric wear近年來,抽油機(jī)偏磨井?dāng)?shù)量逐漸增多、分布廣泛,抽油機(jī)井表現(xiàn)出來的抽油桿與油管之間的磨損現(xiàn)象日益嚴(yán)重,其磨損現(xiàn)象主要表現(xiàn)在管桿斷、裂、漏問題上。這樣就增加了作業(yè)維護(hù)的工作量,偏磨導(dǎo)致作業(yè)頻繁,免修期短,作業(yè)費(fèi)用上升,采油成本高,綜合效益低。為此,本文分析了抽油機(jī)井桿管磨損的主要原因,并提出合理防治對策,對于提高油田開發(fā)效益和采收

3、率具有指導(dǎo)作用。Eccentric wear well in recent years, the number gradually increased, widely distributed, pumping unit Wells of the wear between sucker rod and tubing phenomenon is increasingly serious, the main wear phenomenon on the pipe rod break, crack, leak problem. Thus increasing the operation mainten

4、ance workload, eccentric wear frequently lead to homework, undergraduate degree, shorter period, rising cost of operation, high production cost, low comprehensive benefits. Rod pumping Wells are analysed in this paper, the wear of the main reasons, and put forward reasonable countermeasures, to impr

5、ove the important guiding significance for oilfield development efficiency and oil recovery.1抽油機(jī)井桿管偏磨的主要原因分析One of the main causes of rod pumping Wells tube eccentric wear analysis1.1井斜是造成抽油井管桿偏磨的主要原因1.1 hole deviation is the main cause of eccentric wear oil well pipe stem在井斜的作用下,由于井筒不垂直,油管上部接在油管掛上,

6、在油管重力的作用下,油管必然彎曲。而且抽油桿兩端由于分別由井口盤根盒與泵活塞限制,居油管中心,在井斜的影響下,抽油桿在其重力作用下,發(fā)生彎曲,使桿管出現(xiàn)偏磨。Under the action of hole deviation, due to the wellbore is not vertical, tubing hang upside in the oil pipeline, the oil pipe under the action of gravity, tubing bending. And sucker rod ends with respectively by wellhead

7、packing box and the piston pump, tubing center, under the influence of hole deviation, sucker rod under the gravity, bent, and make the pipe rod eccentric wear.1.2桿管配合使用不當(dāng)是造成抽油機(jī)井桿管偏磨的另一重要原因1.2 rod is caused by improper pumping unit Wells rod tube together with the eccentric wear of another important

8、 reasons抽油桿與油管尺寸配合過小,會增加相互摩擦的幾率,造成管桿的偏磨。特別是在造斜點(diǎn)附近,抽油桿的彎曲度大,管桿易于接觸,在相互運(yùn)動(dòng)的情況下產(chǎn)生摩擦,最容易產(chǎn)生偏磨。Sucker rod and tubing size fit too small, will increase the risk of mutual friction, the eccentric wear of pipe stem. Especially near the deflection point, the degree of curvature of sucker rod, tube rod is easy

9、to contact, in the case of mutual movement friction, the most prone to eccentric wear.1.3生產(chǎn)參數(shù)設(shè)定選擇不當(dāng)也是造成抽油機(jī)井桿管偏磨的原因之一1.3 production to incorrect parameter setting is also one of the causes of rod pumping Wells tube eccentric wear在抽油機(jī)井生產(chǎn)過程中,沖程、沖次、桿柱組合等參數(shù)選擇合適時(shí),理想狀態(tài)下抽油桿的全部重量應(yīng)該加載到抽油機(jī)驢頭上,抽油桿行進(jìn)速度與驢頭速度同步,抽油

10、桿柱始終處于拉伸狀態(tài)。事實(shí)上,抽油桿柱受井液阻力作用和各類摩擦力及桿柱組合不合理造成的桿柱受力狀態(tài)不同,相當(dāng)一部分抽油桿滯后于驢頭的運(yùn)行速度,特別是中和點(diǎn)以下的抽油桿幾乎全部處于受壓狀態(tài),容易產(chǎn)生彎曲變形,特別是采取高沖次,將加劇彎曲變形的程度和接觸頻率,從而加劇了桿管的偏磨。In rod-pumped well process, parameters such as stroke, speed, combination of rod string, select appropriate, ideally the entire weight of the sucker rod pumping

11、unit should be loaded into the donkey head, sucker rod synchronous speed and the donkey head speed, remain the state of tension rod string. Sucker rod string, in fact, the function and all kinds of friction and fluid resistance combination pole pole stress caused by the unreasonable condition is dif

12、ferent, quite a number of sucker rod lagging behind the donkey head speed, especially almost all below the neutral point of rod is in a state of compression, prone to bending deformation, especially to high speed, will aggravate the degree of bending deformation and contact frequency, adding to the

13、eccentric wear of rod pipe.1.4含水率升高也能造成抽油機(jī)井桿管偏磨1.4 water content also can cause pumping Wells rod tube eccentric wear地層產(chǎn)出液含水的升高,桿管潤滑性變差,桿管磨損加劇。因原油含水率升高,而密度增大,浮力增加,下沖程時(shí)抽油桿下行阻力增大,使得管桿變形嚴(yán)重,結(jié)果是偏磨點(diǎn)增多、偏磨范圍增大以及偏磨載荷增加,進(jìn)而使磨損加劇。Formation water cut rise, produced fluid lubricity rod tube, rod pipe wear. For cr

14、ude oil moisture content increases, density increases, the buoyancy, the downward stroke rod resistance increases, make the pipe rod deformation is serious, the result is eccentric wear points increase, increase scope of eccentric wear and partial grinding load increases, which exacerbated the wear.

15、1.5結(jié)蠟造成抽油機(jī)井桿管偏磨Cause 1.5 wax rod pumping Wells is in charge of eccentric wear抽油井在生產(chǎn)一段時(shí)間之后,如果沒有及時(shí)采取措施,井筒內(nèi)必然出現(xiàn)結(jié)蠟現(xiàn)象,這些東西一般會附著在油管、抽油桿的表面,形成一個(gè)凝結(jié)點(diǎn)。抽油井結(jié)蠟后,上行懸點(diǎn)載荷增加,下行載荷降低。尤其是在下行中,抽油桿運(yùn)動(dòng)到結(jié)蠟點(diǎn)時(shí),由于受到阻力影響,速度變慢,當(dāng)小于光桿下行速度時(shí),造成結(jié)蠟點(diǎn)以上的抽油桿彎曲,使得管桿偏磨。Pumping well in production after a period of time, if not take timely m

16、easures, phenomenon of paraffin deposit must appear within the wellbore and, these things are generally attached on the surface of tubing and sucker rod, forming a set point. After oil well paraffin deposit, upside suspension point load increase, the downward load is reduced. Especially in downward,

17、 sucker rod movement to wax precipitation point, due to the impact resistance and slow, as less than a polished rod descending speed, causing more than wax precipitation point of the rod bending, tube rod eccentric wear.2抽油機(jī)井桿管偏磨的幾點(diǎn)防治措施2 pumping Wells rod tube some preventive measures of eccentric w

18、ear2.1使用注塑桿和扶正器2.1 use the injection rod and centralizer使用注塑桿、扶正器等較成熟的井筒防偏磨工藝技術(shù)是目前最普遍、最常用、最基本的方法。但是單獨(dú)使用注塑桿、扶正器有效期較短,扶正器磨損后,抽油桿與油管必然相互摩擦磨損,無法從根本上避免桿管的摩擦與磨損。主要是針對偏磨程度不十分嚴(yán)重的油井使用,起到延長免修期和保護(hù)油管桿的作用。同時(shí)該方法也是采用其它防偏磨工藝的重要輔助措施之一。Using the injection rod, centralizer and other more mature shaft eccentric wear pr

19、evention technology is by far the most common and most commonly used, the most basic methods. But used alone injection rod, shorter validity of centralizer, centralizer after wear, friction between sucker rod and tubing must wear, cannot fundamentally to avoid the friction and wear of rod pipe. Main

20、ly for eccentric wear degree is not very serious oil Wells to use, works as an extended period of and protect tubing stem. At the same time this method is also take some of the other one of the important auxiliary measures of preventing eccentric wear process.2.2使用加重桿2.2 use weighted lever加重桿是防止底部抽油

21、桿彎曲的有效方法,它能使桿柱中和點(diǎn)下移,提高下部抽油桿的穩(wěn)定性,從而減輕偏磨。Bar is one of the effective methods to prevent the bottom of the sucker rod bending, it can make the rod string neutral point down, improve the stability of the lower rod, thus reduce eccentric wear.2.3合理調(diào)整參數(shù)2.3 reasonable adjustment parameters在保持產(chǎn)液量不變的情況下,由短沖程

22、、高沖次,改成長沖程、短沖次,減少偏磨次數(shù),以達(dá)到延長油管和抽油桿使用壽命的目的。In the case of the produced fluid volume unchanged, by short cycle, high speed, change the growth cycle, short time, reduce the number of eccentric wear, in order to achieve the purpose of extending the service life of the tubing and sucker rod.2.4定期實(shí)施井筒清理措施2

23、.4 wellbore cleaning measures on a regular basis根據(jù)動(dòng)態(tài)資料變化,定期實(shí)施井筒清理措施,可以減小管柱的載荷,使油井在比較好的狀態(tài)下生產(chǎn),減少因地面防蠟等措施不到位帶來的油井管桿偏磨現(xiàn)象發(fā)生。Periodically according to the dynamic change data, borehole cleaning measures, can reduce the load of tubing string, the production of oil well in good condition, reduce the ground

24、wax prevention measures were in place such as oil well pipe rod eccentric wear phenomenon occurred.2.5積極推廣和采用防偏磨新工藝2.5 to promote and adopt new technology of preventing eccentric wear使用旋轉(zhuǎn)井口,旋轉(zhuǎn)井口使(油管、抽油桿)磨損均勻從而減輕偏磨,延長桿管使用壽命,對所有類型的偏磨井均能起到延長周期的作用,但避免不了桿管之間的摩擦與磨損?？招臈U采油工藝是從空心桿內(nèi)出油,油管與空心桿的密閉環(huán)空充滿原油作為潤滑劑,降低管

25、桿間的摩擦系數(shù),同時(shí)改變液流通道,減輕產(chǎn)出液對油管桿接觸面的沖刷、腐蝕,從而達(dá)到治理偏磨的目的。Using rotary wellhead, rotating wellhead (tubing, sucker rod) wear uniform so as to reduce eccentric wear and prolong the service life of rod tube, for all types of eccentric wear well all can have the effect of extended cycle, but avoid the friction a

26、nd wear between the rod tube. Oil production technology from inside the hollow rod out of the hollow rod, tubing and hollow rod airtight annulus is full of crude oil as a lubricant, reducing friction coefficient between tube rod, change flow passage at the same time, reduce the contact surface of tu

27、bing rod produced fluid erosion, corrosion, so as to achieve the goal of governance eccentric wear.3主要做法Three main methods(1)采取綜合防偏配套模式,使用注塑桿+加重桿+油管錨的配套組合,對繼續(xù)偏磨油井進(jìn)行治理,但是成本較高。(1) to take composite control partial matching model, using the injection rod + + tubing anchor bar supporting combination, to governance continue