七寶中學(xué)高考英語(yǔ)之虛擬語(yǔ)氣 (NX)

虛擬語(yǔ)氣,(SubjunctiveMood),語(yǔ)氣分三種:陳述語(yǔ)氣;祈使語(yǔ)氣;虛擬語(yǔ)氣,一虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的使用二虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的使用三.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中的使用四.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在表語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句中的使用五.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在方式狀語(yǔ)從句中的使用六.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的使用七.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的使用八.虛擬語(yǔ)氣表祝愿或愿望,一虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的使用,如果假設(shè)的情況與事實(shí)相反，或是根本不可能發(fā)生或是發(fā)生的可能性很小，這就是非真實(shí)條件句，即虛擬條件句。1與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)的動(dòng)詞形式從句：過(guò)去式（be只用were）主句：would(should/could/might)+動(dòng)詞原形Ifitwerenotraining,weshouldgoforapicnic.Ifhecamehere,hemightbeabletohelpyou.,高考例題1）(1984年高考)Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English_mucheasier.A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe答案:D,2與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)的動(dòng)詞形式從句：had+p.p.主句：would(should/could/might)+have+p.p.Sheshouldhavegonetothepartyifshehadbeeninvited.Ifshehadntcalledme,Iwouldhaveoversleptthismorning.,2）(1993年高考)Ifhe_,he_thatfood.Luckily,hewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavewarned;hadnottaken答案:B,3與將來(lái)的事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)的動(dòng)詞形式從句：過(guò)去式或should/wereto+動(dòng)詞原形主句：would(should/could/might)+動(dòng)詞原形IfIweretobe20yearsoldnextyear,Ishouldtakethecourseofcomputerscience.Ifitshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.Whatwouldhappeniftheearthstoppedturning?,3）Ifhe_tomorrow,hewouldfindMr.Wangintheoffice.A.comesB.willcomeC.shouldcomeD.come答案:C,注：1。在if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句中，if可以省略，但是需要倒裝（從句位于主句前）Ifhehadbeenwarned,hewouldnothavetakenthatfood.=Hadhebeenwarned,hewouldnothavetakenthatfood.Whatwouldhappeniftheearthstoppedturning?=Whatwouldhappeniftheearthwereto/shouldstopturning?=Weretheearthtostopturning,whatwouldhappen?=Shouldtheearthstopturning,whatwouldhappen?,4）_hewouldhavesucceededintheexamination.A.HadheworkedhardB.IfheworkedhardC.IfheworkshardD.Ifhehasworkedhard答案:A,2某些介詞without/butfor等或連詞otherewise等表示含蓄條件，需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Withoutair,wewouldnotliveevenforfiveminutes.=Iftherewerenoair,wewouldnotliveevenforfiveminutes.,Butforthestorm,weshouldhavearrivedearlier.=Ifithadnotbeenforthestorm,weshouldhavearrivedearlier.Jackcanthavearrivedyet;otherwisehewouldhavetelephoneme.=Jackcanthavearrivedyet;ifhehadarrived,hewouldhavetelephoneme.,5）(1991年高考)Withoutelectricityhumanlife_quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe答案:D6）(2001年上海春招)Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe_agoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored答案:D,3當(dāng)主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作不是發(fā)生在同一時(shí)間，需用混合虛擬條件句表示。1）過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在時(shí)混合使用，即條件為過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，而主句為與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的說(shuō)法。Ifhehadfollowedthedoctorsadvice,hewouldbeallrightnow.,3）現(xiàn)在時(shí)與將來(lái)時(shí)混合使用。Ifhewereherenow,hewastostartoffwithustomorrow.7）(2002年上海)ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_inloveattheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldnthavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall答案:B,8）(1995年高考)Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken答案:C,二虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的使用,1在動(dòng)詞order/demand/insist/command/advise/suggest/request/require/decide/ask等詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用（should）+動(dòng)詞原形。Janesuncleinsistedthatshenotstayinthehotel.Theworkersrequestedthattheirworkingconditionsbeimproved.,注：這些詞的后面有時(shí)也不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Janespalefacesuggestedthatshewasill.Heinsistedthathewasright.9）(1987年高考)Thejudgeorderedthatthethief_punished.A.wouldbeB.shouldbeC.wastobeD.mustbe答案:B,10）(1997年高考)Janespalefacesuggestedthatshe_ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe_amedicalexamination.A.be;shouldhaveB.was;haveC.shouldbe;hadD.was;has答案:B,2動(dòng)詞wish的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與條件從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式一樣，即：現(xiàn)在使用過(guò)去；過(guò)去使用過(guò)去完成；將來(lái)使用過(guò)去將來(lái)（不管主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如何）。IdowishthatIcouldhelpyou.IwishIhadknowntheanswertothequestionthen.,高考例題11）(2002年上海春招)HowIwisheveryfamily_alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad答案:B12）(1988年高考)IwishI_youyesterday.A.seenB.didseenC.hadseenD.weretosee答案:C,2.It+be+important/desirable(理想的)/better/strange/necessary/surprising/+that從句(should+動(dòng)詞原形)Itisnecessarythatyou(should)bepresentatthediscussion.,4.Itis(high/about)time+that從句(動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài))Itistimeweleft.=Itistimeforustoleave.Itishightimethathebegantothinkhowtodealwithmoney.例題13)Itisdesirablethattheplane_aslightaspossible.A.wasB.beC.isD.were答案:B,三.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中的使用,1.It+be+suggested/ordered/demanded/required/requested/planned/arranged/+that從句(should+動(dòng)詞原形)ItwassuggestedthatJane(should)haveamedicalexamination.,14）Itishightimethatwe_toschool.A.wouldgoB.wentC.willgoD.hadgone答案:B15）Iwouldratherthatyou_rightaway.A.leaveB.leftC.willleaveD.shouldlive答案:B,四.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在表語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句中的使用,名詞suggestion/proposal(建議)/order/advice/demand等可以接名詞性從句,從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,(should)+動(dòng)詞原形.Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)sendafewsoldierstohelpthem.Hemakesthedemandthatshe(should)leavetheplaceatonce.,例題16）Theirdemandisthattheirwages_increasedby20%.A.beB.shouldC.willbeD.mustbe答案:A17）Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents_twoweekstopreparefortheexam.A.giveB.shouldgiveC.begivenD.wouldbegiven答案:C,五.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在方式狀語(yǔ)從句中的使用,關(guān)聯(lián)詞有asif/asthough(用法與wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句相同,即:現(xiàn)在使用過(guò)去；過(guò)去使用過(guò)去完成；將來(lái)使用過(guò)去將來(lái)（不管主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如何）。Theylookratherpuzzledasiftheydidntknowanythingaboutit.,高考例題18）(1993年高考)Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey_friendsforyears.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen答案:D,六.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的使用,由sothat/inorderthat/forfearthat(以免)引導(dǎo)的從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may/might/can/could等.IgotthereearlierthanusualsothatIcouldbethefirstonetoenterthechurch.Hetriedhisbesttostudyinorderthathemightpasstheexams.,例題19）Theemperorgavethetwocheatssomegoldinorderthatthey_theirworkatonce.A.maybeginB.canbeginC.mightbeginD.shouldbegin答案:C,七.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的使用,evenif/eventhough引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,若表示與事實(shí)相反,其動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式,主從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式與非真實(shí)條件句相同.Evenif/EventhoughIwererich,Iwouldwork.,例題20）Evenifhe_here,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.hasbeen答案:B,八.虛擬語(yǔ)氣表祝愿或愿望,1.祝愿句常用動(dòng)詞原形或may引導(dǎo)的倒裝句.Godblessyou!=MayGodblessyou!