必修三 Unit 4Reading

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestarsReading,高一人教新課標(biāo)版必修三,1.Doyouknowtheoriginoflifeonearth?2.Eachreligionorculturehasitsownideasabouthowlifebeganonearth.,InChineseculture,_separates(分)theskyfromtheearth.,Pangu盤古,sky,earth,_madehumanbeings.,Nuwa(女媧),Inwesterncountries:_createdtheworldandalllivingthings.,God(上帝),Day1:GodspokeandseparatedlightfromdarknesscreatingDayandNightDay2:GodspokeandseparatedthewatercreatingskyandoceanDay3:Godspokeandcreateddryland,TheBiblicalAccount,Day4:Godspokeandcreatedthesun,moonandstarsDay5:GodspokeandcreatedlivingcreaturesintheairandseaDay6:GodspokeandcreatedthelandanimalsandmanDay7:GodrestedandblessedthisdaycallingitHoly,IndiaBrahmaisthegodfirstrepresentedintheHinduTriad.Heisthecreatoroftheuniverseandalllivingbeingsaresaidtohaveevolvedfromhim.,Pre-reading,Lookatthepicture.Doyouknowthetopicofthisreading?,大爆炸宇宙產(chǎn)生示意圖,BigBang,Gas,Newstars,Dyingstars,remnants,地球大氣,Theearthsatmosphere,nitrogen,oxygen,dioxide,carbon,vapour,Itwasfullofwater.,海洋里的細(xì)胞開始分裂,登陸,爬行動(dòng)物,恐龍,Mammals,人類的興起,1.Whywastheearthdifferentfromotherplanets?Thewaterremained.2.Whydidtheplantsgrowbeforetheanimalscame?Becauseplantsprovideoxygenforanimalstobreathe.,Answerthequestions.,FastReading,3.Whyisitwronginfilmsandstoriestoshowdinosaursandpeopletogether?Becausedinosaursdiedoutlongbeforehumanbeingsdevelopedontheearth.,4.Thereusedtobenineplanetsinthesolarsystem.Recentlyscientistshavedecidedthatoneofthemcannolongerbeconsideredaplanet.Doyouknowthenameofthatplanet?Doyouknowwhytheyremovedit?Pluto.Scientistsnowthinkitistoosmalltobecalledaplanet.,5.Whydoyouthinkthathumansarethecleverestanimalsontheearth?Theyarethecleverestanimalsbecausetheyhavelargerbrainsthananyothercreatureontheearthsofar.6.Whatproblemiscausedbyhumanbeings?Theycauseglobalwarming.,1.Whywastheearthdifferentfromotherplanets?A.Itproducedalotofheat.B.Thewaterremained.C.Thewaterdisappeared.D.Itwastheoldestplanet.,Choosethebestanswer.,B,2.Whywaslifeabletodevelopontheearthbutnotonotherplanets?A.Theearthhadasolidshape.B.Theearthdidnothaveharmfulgasesinitsatmosphere.C.Thewaterstayedontheearthbutnotonotherplanets.D.Theearthwasnottoohotandnottoocold.,C,3.Whywasitnecessaryforplantstogrowbeforeanimals?A.Animalsneededplantstoprotectthemfromthesun.B.Plantsprovidedoxygenforanimalstobreathe.C.Animalscouldhidefromhuntersintheforest.D.Itwaseasierforplantstogrow.,B,4.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_.A.after“BigBang”,whatthedustwastobecomeremainedamysteryB.plantsappearedbeforetheanimalsC.plantsmultipliedandfilledtheoceanswithoxygenD.plantsplayedanimportantpartintheappearanceoftheanimals,D,AwidelyacceptedtheoryabouttheformationoftheuniverseTheformationoftheearthTheimportanceofwaterforlifeThedevelopmentofplantsandanimalsontheearthThearrivalofhumansandtheirimpactontheearth,Para.1,Para.2,Para.3,Para.4,Para.5,Themainideaforeachparagraph.,CarefulReading,Puttheeventsintoatimeline.,1.Insectsandamphibiansappeared.3.Theearthbecameasolidball.5.Reptilesappeared.7.Theearthwasacloudofdust.9.Shellfishandotherfishappeared.11.Cleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappeared.,Keys:107384961521211,2.Dinosaursappeared.4.Smallplantsgrewonthewater.6.Plantsbegantogrowondryland.8.Waterappearedontheearth.10.Theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”.12.Mammalsappeared.,Combineinto,Explodewithfireandrock,dissolveharmfulgases,BigBang,Energeticdust,aviolentsolidball,Atmosphere,Water,oceansandseas,Cooldown,Finishthefollowingform.,Para1-3,Acloudofenergeticdust,Asolidball,Atmosphere,Aworldfullofwater,4,1,3,2,dissolveharmfulgases,Fillintheblankswiththeproperwords.,Afterthe_,theearthwasacloudof_.Laterthedustbeganto_into_.Andthenit_loudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimeto_thewatervapour,carbondioxide,whichweretomaketheearths_.Astheearth_down,_beganto_onitssurface.Waterhad_fromplanetsorsatellites,butit_ontheearth.Thatmadeitpossibleforlifetobeginto_.,energeticdust,combine,exploded,produce,cooled,appear,disappeared,stayed,develop,“BigBang”,aball,atmosphere,water,1.smallplantsinwater,2.shellfishandallsortsoffish,3.greenplantsonland,4.insects(onland)5.amphibian(onlandandinwater),6.forests,7.reptiles(onland)8.dinosaurs(onland)9.mammals(onland),Para4:Finishthefollowingform.,arrivalofsmallplantsinwater,earlyshellfish,plants,animals,allsortsoffish,earlyshellfish,Afewkinds,manykinds,Plantsinthewater,Plantsonland,water,land,insects,dinosaurs,simple,complex,low,Manhadevolvedfromapes.,達(dá)爾文(進(jìn)化論),advanced,Fillintheblanks.,Thearrivalof_encouragedthe_ofearly_.Manymillionsofyearslater_begantoappear_.Later_appeared.Somewere_.Otherscalled_,wereabletoliveonlandswellas_.Whentheplantsgrewintoforests,_appearedforthefirsttime.Aftertheydisappeared,_becamemoreimportant.Theywerethelastgroupofanimalsdifferentfrombecausethey_fromwithintheirbodies.,development,shellfishandallsortsoffish,onland,landanimals,amphibians,dinosaurs,mammals,produced,smallplants,thefistgreenplants,insects,inthesea,Languagepoints,1.Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.1)violent猛烈的,激烈的2)whether可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句;而if只能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句既可以用whether,也可以用if,Heaskedmewhether/ifIcouldlendhimmybike.Couldyoutelluswhether/ifitsnowsinwinterinAustralia?,2.Theywereintimetoproduceintime及時(shí);終于Shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner.Thedoctorcameintimetosaveherlife.醫(yī)生及時(shí)趕來(lái)救了她的命.Maryusuallygetshomeintimetobaththechildren瑪莉通常及時(shí)到家給孩子們洗澡.注意:intime還有“過(guò)些時(shí)候;最后”之意Youllgetusedtoitintime.過(guò)些時(shí)候你會(huì)習(xí)慣它的.Dontworry.Imsurethingswillgetbetterintime.別著急,我肯定過(guò)些時(shí)候事情會(huì)好轉(zhuǎn)的.,與time相關(guān)的短語(yǔ):innotime立刻,馬上attimes有時(shí)atatime每次;依次onceuponatime從前ontime按時(shí);準(zhǔn)時(shí)atonetime從前forthetimebeing暫時(shí)fromtimetotime不時(shí)地,3.atmospheren.大氣層;氣氛Anatmosphereoftensionfiledtheroom.屋子里籠罩著緊張的氣氛。Theatmosphereoverdinnerwaswarmandfriendly.用餐時(shí)洋溢著熱情友好的氣氛。注意:指“大氣層”使,常用theatmosphere;指“氣氛”時(shí),常使用單數(shù)形式。,4.astheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.隨著地球的冷卻,地球的表面就開始出現(xiàn)了水。1)cooldown變涼,冷卻2)appear“出現(xiàn),似乎”是不及物動(dòng)詞當(dāng)表示“似乎,好像”時(shí)是系動(dòng)詞,該詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。OurteacherappearedonTVthismorning.,辨析:appearseemlook,I.含義上的差異appear是指根據(jù)事物的外表表象做出判斷的,但實(shí)質(zhì)上并不一定如此;seem是表示說(shuō)話人主觀上的判斷,暗含有一定的根據(jù),往往接近事實(shí)的判斷;look是根據(jù)視覺(jué)印象而得出的判斷,實(shí)質(zhì)上也可能如此。Sheisfiftybutsheappearsyoung.她五十歲了,但看起來(lái)很年輕。(其實(shí)并非如此)Sheseemsyoung.(Ithinksheisyoung.)她看起來(lái)很年輕。(個(gè)人的主觀判斷而推斷出)Shelooksyoung.她很年輕。(從他外表可出感覺(jué)出),II.用法上的差異a.appear,look,seem后均可帶名詞、形容語(yǔ)、tobe結(jié)構(gòu)。Themanwhocameyesterdayappeared/seemed/lookedanhonestman.昨天來(lái)的那個(gè)人看來(lái)是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。b.look可用于進(jìn)行時(shí),而seem,appear一般不能。Heislookingveryhappy.他現(xiàn)在看起來(lái)很高興。,c.appear和seem之后可接動(dòng)詞不定式的一般式、完成式以及其他形式,而look之后除了能接tobe結(jié)構(gòu)外,不接其它動(dòng)詞不定式形式。Sheappearedtoagreewithyou.他好像同意你的意見。Theydontseemtohavereadthisnovel.他們好像沒(méi)有讀過(guò)這本小說(shuō)。,d.look,seem能與介詞like構(gòu)成習(xí)語(yǔ),意思是“看上去象”,而appear卻不能。如:ItseemslikeyearssinceIlastsawyou.自從上次見到你后,好像很久沒(méi)有見到你了。Helookslikeastudent.他看起來(lái)象個(gè)學(xué)生。e.seem,look后均可接asif,asthough引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句,從句中既可用陳述語(yǔ)氣也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,而appear則不能。Itseemed/lookedasifhehadbeentoBeijing.看起來(lái)他去過(guò)北京。,f.appear和seem均可接that引導(dǎo)的從句,而look不能。Itseems/appearsthatwewontfinishthisworktoday.我們好像今天完不成這項(xiàng)工作。g.appear和seem可用于therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中,而look不能。如:Thereappearstohavebeenanaccident.好像出了一次事故。,5.bylayingeggs.lay-laid-laid-laying放,把.放在.;產(chǎn)卵Helaidhisbooksonthedesk.注意:lie(lay;lain;lying)躺;位于lie(lied;lied;lying)說(shuō)謊Thenaughtyboy_tomethatthehenthat_therejustnowhad_twoeggsthedaybefore.A.laid;laid;laidB.laid;lay;lainC.lied;laid;lainD.lied;lay;laid,D,6.givebirthto1)生(孩子)Shesjustgivenbirthtoahealthybabygirl.她剛剛生了個(gè)健康的女嬰。2)產(chǎn)生Theextraordinaryexperiencegavebirthtohislatestnovel.這段奇特的經(jīng)歷促成了他的最新的一部小說(shuō)的誕生。,7.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.他們把太多的二氧化碳釋放到大氣層中,這就使得熱量不能從地球上散發(fā)到太空中去。preventsth./sb.(from)doingsth.制止(防止)某人(某物)做某事Therulesareintendedtopreventaccidents.Whatcanwedotopreventthisaccident(from)happening?,Iintendtogoandnothingyoudocanpreventme!(阻止)Nothingcanpreventthisplanfrombeingcarriedout.注意:類似結(jié)構(gòu)keep/stopsb.fromdoingsth.,但keepsb.fromdoingsth.中from不可省略,prevent/stopsb.fromdoingsth.中的from可省,但如在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中,他們中的from都不可省。Itriedtokeephimfromwaitingforher.我試圖叫他不要再等她了.Itriedtokeephimwaitingforher.我試圖讓他等她.,8.theearthmaybecometoohottoliveon.地球可能會(huì)因此變得太熱而不適合生物的生存。有關(guān)too的一些用法1)too作“太”講。Thereistoomuchwater.水太多了。Thisshirtistoolargeforme.這襯衫我穿起來(lái)太大。Theproblemisrathertoohardforme.這個(gè)問(wèn)題對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)太難了。,2)“tooadj.to”,有兩種意義,一種為“太以至(不)”,在翻譯時(shí)要加上一個(gè)否定詞;另一種是“太”,語(yǔ)意肯定,但too后的形容詞常用ready,heavy,beautiful等。Thequestionistoohardtounderstand.問(wèn)題太難,理解不了。Heistooproudtoseehisownshortcomings.他太驕傲了以至于看不到自己的缺點(diǎn)。Youaretooreadytofindfaultwithothers.你太愛(ài)挑別人的毛病了。,3)“only/all/not/buttooadj.to”,后面的動(dòng)詞不定式在翻譯時(shí)不必加否定詞。only等與too連用等于very(非常)。Ishallbeonlytoopleasedtohearfromyoufurther.我非常歡迎你再來(lái)信。Theyarebuttoogladtodoso.他們非常喜歡這么做。Weareonlytoopleasedtoworktogetherwiththeworkers.我們和工人們一起勞動(dòng),非常高興。,4)“cannotcannever.too”,表示“無(wú)論怎樣也不會(huì)過(guò)分”。Youcannotpraisehimtoohighly.你無(wú)論怎樣表?yè)P(yáng)他也不過(guò)分。Wecannotbetoocarefulindoingexperim