外研版高中英語必修五課文預(yù)讀學(xué)案：Module 1 Period One.doc

there are many differences between british english and american english.i used to teach a course about the differences between the two.we speak english on both sides of the atlantic ocean but we have many differences in our common language.we have examples of the same words having very different meanings，differing spellings of the same words as well as completely different words for the same things.here are some examples.a cookie in the us is called a biscuit in the uk.a biscuit in the us is a small cake in the uk.in the uk，a pie can be made from either meat or fruit；while in the us，pies are normally made from fruit，pot pies are made from meat.most things are measured in grams and kilograms in the us，not ounces and pounds.one very obvious difference is the side of the road we each choose to drive on.petrol in the uk is gas in the us.the place where we fill up our cars，in the uk，is a garage；while in the us，its a gas station.the term garage is also used as a place to store your car next to or close by your house.in the uk we call a lorry what is known as a truck in the us.an elevator in the us is called a lift here，and the first floor in the us，is called the ground floor here，so many visitors get off on the wrong floor in british hotels.there are countless examples of differences within our one shared language.with so many differences，no wonder its hard to understand each other well.根據(jù)短文判斷正(t)誤(f)1.the passage is mainly about the differences between british english and american english in grammar.(f)2.its implied in the passage that the author may be a teacher from the uk.(t)period oneintroduction & reading and speaking.重點(diǎn)單詞1.obvious adj.顯然的，顯而易見的obviously adv.顯然地2.confusing adj.令人困惑的；難懂的confused adj.困惑的confuse vt.使困惑3.compare vt.比較4.differ vi.不同，有區(qū)別difference n.不同之處，區(qū)別different adj.不同的，有區(qū)別的5.settler n.移民；定居者settle v.定居；解決6.remark n.評論；講話7.variation n.變化vary vi.變化various adj.各種各樣的8.steadily adv.不斷地；持續(xù)地steady adj.穩(wěn)定的9.switch n.開關(guān)10.structure n.結(jié)構(gòu)；體系.重點(diǎn)短語1.have.in common有相同的特點(diǎn)2.make a difference有影響，使不相同3.get around四處走動(旅行)4.be similar to與相似5.have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難6.lead to引起；導(dǎo)致.重點(diǎn)句式1.while用作并列連詞americans use a flashlight，while for the british，its a torch.美國人把手電筒稱為flashlight，而英國人則叫它torch。2.it作形式主語since the 1980s，with satellite tv and the internet，it has been possible to listen to british and american english at the flick of a switch.自從20世紀(jì)80年代以來，通過衛(wèi)星電視和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，只需按一下開關(guān)就可能聽到英式和美式英語。3.makeitadj./n.不定式/that從句this non-stop communication，the experts think，has made it easier for british people and americans to understand each other.專家們認(rèn)為，這樣不間斷的交流使英國人和美國人彼此理解起來更加容易。.根據(jù)課文，完成下列習(xí)題1.which paragraphs tell the ways british and american english are different?paragraphs 1,2,3 and 4.2.which paragraphs predict the future of british and american english?paragraphs 5,6 and 7.課文閱讀理解1.what are the four ways in which british and american english are different?a.vocabulary，accent，grammar and spelling.b.vocabulary，grammar，spelling and pronunciation.c.vocabulary，speaking，spelling and grammar.d.vocabulary，writing，grammar and pronunciation.答案b2.whats the main idea of the first paragraph?a.differences in words that are not well known.b.differences in grammar.c.differences in words that are well known.d.differences in british english and american english.答案c3. have/has made it easier for the british and americans to understand each other.a.television b.radioc.the internet d.both a and c答案d4.how many languages can monita rajpal speak?a.two. b.three. c.four. d.five.答案b5.in the future，users of english will all be able to understand each other .a.only in the same country b.in americac.in different countries d.in england答案c.課文難句分析1.the only problem was i didnt realize the local accent would be so different，but i guess ill learn with practice.句式分析but為并列連詞，連接兩個(gè)并列分句。在第一個(gè)分句中the only problem為句子主語，was后為省略that的表語從句。自主翻譯唯一的問題是我沒有想到當(dāng)?shù)乜谝襞c我們的有如此大的區(qū)別，但是我想，通過練習(xí)我會學(xué)會的。2.when the irish writer george bernard shaw made the famous remark that the british and the americans are two nations divided by a common language，he was obviously thinking about the differences.句式分析he was obviously thinking about the differences為主句，when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，在此從句中又有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，divided by a common language為過去分詞短語作定語，修飾two nations.自主翻譯當(dāng)愛爾蘭作家喬治蕭伯納講“英國和美國是被同一種語言分開的兩個(gè)國家”那句名言的時(shí)候，他顯然想到了它們的區(qū)別。3.however，if you turn on cnn，the american tv network，you find newsreaders and weather forecasters all speaking with different accentsamerican，british，australian，and even spanish.句式分析該句是主從復(fù)合句。if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句；the american tv network是同位語，補(bǔ)充說明cnn；主句中含有“find賓語賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中現(xiàn)在分詞短語作賓補(bǔ)。自主翻譯然而，如果你打開美國有線電視新聞網(wǎng)cnn，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)新聞播報(bào)員和天氣預(yù)報(bào)員都操著不同的口音美國的、英國的、澳大利亞的，甚至西班牙的。重點(diǎn)詞匯1.we have really everything in common with america nowadays，except of course，language.當(dāng)然，除了語言外，如今我們確實(shí)在所有方面都和美國一樣。(1)have.in common with與有相同之處have much/a lot/a great deal in common with 與有很多共同之處have not much/little/nothing in common with 與沒多少/沒有共同之處in common with 和一樣(2)common adj.共同的；平常的，普通的；常見的；n.共同之處common sense常識(1)the girl has much in common with her twin sister.這個(gè)女孩和她的雙胞胎姐姐有很多共同之處。(2)they had nothing in common with me.他們和我毫無共同之處。(2017全國)(3)in common with most american people，he enjoys american football.與大多數(shù)美國人一樣，他喜歡橄欖球運(yùn)動。(4)heart disease is one of the commonest(common) causes of death.心臟病是最常見的死因之一。易混辨析common，ordinary，usual，regularcommon普通的；常見的；共同的。ordinary平凡的；普通的；指事或物，天天發(fā)生；指人，平常，一般。usual一貫的，習(xí)慣的，強(qiáng)調(diào)慣常性。regular有規(guī)律的；正規(guī)的；頻繁的；定期的。選詞填空common，ordinary，usual，regular(5)snowstorms are common during winter here.(6)although she was rich，she was always in ordinary dress.(7)the boy went to school as usual the next day after the accident.(8)its known that a regular medical examination will do good to us.2.it doesnt make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks british or american english.老師說英式英語還是美式英語并無太大的影響。make a difference有影響，使不相同make some/much/no difference to對有些/很大/沒有影響tell the difference between區(qū)別(1)job opportunities are on the increase in our city，making(make) much difference to peoples life.在我們的城市工作機(jī)會正在增加，對人們的生活產(chǎn)生很大影響。(2)whether it rains or not makes no difference to me.i will go to school as usual.下不下雨對我來說都一樣。我要像往常一樣去上學(xué)。(3)the twins are so alike that it is hard to tell the difference.雙胞胎長得太像了，很難分出誰是誰。3.the first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary.首先而且最明顯的區(qū)別是在詞匯方面。(1)obvious adj.顯然的，顯而易見的its obvious that.很明顯(2)obviously adv.顯而易見地，明顯地，顯然(1)he tried to hide his obvious pleasure from the music teacher.他不想讓音樂老師看到自己很明顯的喜悅之情。(2017江蘇)(2)it is obvious that mobile phones are quite popular nowadays.手機(jī)現(xiàn)在很流行，這是顯而易見的。(3)obviously(obvious)，she didnt realize her own mistakes.顯然，她沒有意識到自己的錯(cuò)誤。4.or maybe you will prefer to get around the town by taxi (british) or cab (american).或者你更愿意乘坐出租車taxi(英式)或者cab(美式)游覽城市。get around四處走動；(消息或謠言等)傳開；傳播get across使了解；把講清楚get along進(jìn)展；相處get down to開始，著手get through到達(dá)；辦完；(使)通過；(打電話時(shí))打通get over克服；恢復(fù)(1)soon the bad news got around.很快，這個(gè)壞消息就傳開了。(2)how can i get it across to you people how important this is?我怎么才能讓你們這些人理解這件事的重要性？(3)i tried calling you several times，but i couldnt get through.我試著給你打了好幾次電話，但是沒有打通。(4)if you can get over your present difficulties，then everything should be all right.如果你克服了現(xiàn)在的困難，那么一切都會好的。5.sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning，which can be confusing.有時(shí)，同一個(gè)單詞在意義上有細(xì)微的差別，這可能令人困惑。(1)confusing adj.使人困惑的，令人費(fèi)解的；難懂的(2)confuse vt.使混亂，使迷惑；弄混，把弄糊涂confuse.with/and.把與混淆(3)confused adj.困惑的；不清楚的，難懂的be confused about.對迷惑不解(4)confusion n.困惑；混淆；混亂in confusion困惑地(1)if you dont explain clearly，you will just confuse the readers.如果你不解釋清楚，你會使讀者困惑的。(2)im confusedthe instructions on the box are really confusing.(confuse)我被搞糊涂了盒子上的用法說明實(shí)在讓人費(fèi)解。(3)he looked at me in confusion(confuse) and did not answer the question.他困惑地看著我，沒有回答那個(gè)問題。易混辨析confusing，confusedconfusing現(xiàn)在分詞作形容詞，多用來說明中心詞或主語本身的特征。confused過去分詞作形容詞，多用來描述中心詞或主語的感受。單句改錯(cuò)(4)the expression on his face suggested that he was not able to work out the pare on the team，on the weekend (american)with in the team，at the weekend (british).比較一下on the team，on the weekend(美式)和in the team，at the weekend(英式)。compare vt.比較，對比；與類似compare.with.把和比較compare.to.把比作compared to/with與相比(在句中作狀語)(1)i compared my answers with the teachers and found i had made a mistake.我把自己的答案與老師的進(jìn)行對比，發(fā)現(xiàn)我犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。(2)he compared the girl to the moon in the poem.他在詩中把這個(gè)姑娘比作月亮。(3)compared(compare) with a five-star hotel，this one is small and dirty.和五星級賓館相比，這家旅館又小又臟。單句改錯(cuò)(4)when different cultures，we often pay attention only to the differences.7.the other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.另外兩個(gè)有區(qū)別的方面是拼寫和發(fā)音。(1)variety n.種類，品種；變化，多樣化a variety of多種多樣的(2)various adj.各種各樣的(3)vary v.(使)變化；不同vary from.to.由到不等(1)make sure that as you go from interview to interview，you are getting a variety of answers.確保當(dāng)你從一個(gè)采訪到另一個(gè)采訪時(shí)，你能得到多種多樣的回答。(2017浙江)(2)everyone arrived late at the party for various(vary) reasons.由于種種原因，每個(gè)人到達(dá)聚會都很晚。(3)as we all know，the customs vary from place to place.我們都知道，風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣因地而異。(1)differ vi.不同，有區(qū)別differ from與不同differ in sth. 在某方面不同(2)different adj.不同的，有區(qū)別的be different from.in.在某方面和不同(3)difference n.不同之處，區(qū)別(4)humans differ from other animals in their ability to speak.人與其它動物的不同之處在于人能說話。(5)this time，however，the cleanup was a little different(differ).然而，這次打掃有點(diǎn)不同。(2017全國)(6)whats the difference(differ) between a sheep and a goat？綿羊和山羊有什么不同？句型轉(zhuǎn)換(7)british english and american english differ in many ways.british english differs from american english in many ways.(differ vi.)british english is different from american english in many ways.(different adj.)there are differences between british english and american english in many ways.(difference n.)8.when the irish writer george bernard shaw made the famous remark that the british and the americans are two nations divided by a common language，he was.當(dāng)愛爾蘭作家喬治蕭伯納講“英國和美國是被同一種語言分開的兩個(gè)國家”那句名言的時(shí)候，他(1)remark n.評論；講話；v.評論；談?wù)搑emark on/upon.談?wù)?議論/評論make a remark/remarks on.就發(fā)表評論(2)remarkable adj.顯著的，引人注目的；卓越的(1)the editor remarked that the article was well written.編輯評論說那篇文章寫得很好。(2)the teacher made a remark on the teaching plan.這位老師就教學(xué)計(jì)劃發(fā)表了看法。(3)in the 17th century there was remarkable(remark) progress in the development of mathematics.在數(shù)學(xué)發(fā)展過程中，十七世紀(jì)取得的進(jìn)步極為顯著。一句多譯(4)不要評論別人的私事。dont remark on/upon others private affairs.(remark v.)dont make a remark/remarks on/upon others private affairs.(remark n.)9.a londoner has more difficulty understanding a scotsman from glasgow than understanding a new yorker.倫敦人要聽懂來自格拉斯哥的蘇格蘭人講話比聽懂紐約人講話更難。have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難have difficulty with sth. 在方面有困難 做某事有困難(1)we should try our best to help those who have difficulty with study.我們應(yīng)盡力幫助那些學(xué)習(xí)有困難的同學(xué)。(2)we had no trouble in persuading(persuade) her to change her mind.我們毫不費(fèi)勁就說服她改變了主意。單句改錯(cuò)(3)you can never imagine what great difficulty i have your house.10.but it has also led to lots of american words and structures passing into british english.但是這也導(dǎo)致大量美式單詞和結(jié)構(gòu)傳入英式英語lead to引起；導(dǎo)致；通往lead.to.引導(dǎo)到lead sb. to do sth. 促使某人做某事(1)all roads lead to rome.(諺)條條大路通羅馬。(2)he led us to a museum.他把我們帶到了一個(gè)博物館。(3)what was it that led you to think(think) so?到底是什么使得你這樣認(rèn)為？單句改錯(cuò)(4)the new evidence led to the thief caught in the end.經(jīng)典句式1.since the 1980s，with satellite tv and the internet，it has been possible to listen to british and american english at the flick of a switch.自從20世紀(jì)80年代以來，通過衛(wèi)星電視和因特網(wǎng)，只需按一下開關(guān)就可能聽到英式英語和美式英語。(1)在此句式中it為形式主語，to listen to.不定式短語為真正的主語。(2)it作形式主語籠統(tǒng)地講分為三種：it謂語形容詞/名詞/分詞(1)however，it is not so easy for people to realize their dreams every time.然而，對人們來說，每次都能實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想并不是件容易的事。(2)it is no use arguing(argue) with hershe wont listen.跟她爭論沒有用她是不會聽的。(3)it is well known that china is a peace-loving country.眾所周知，中國是個(gè)熱愛和平的國家。單句改錯(cuò)(4)it is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.2.this non-stop communication，the experts think，has made it easier for british people and americans to understand each other.專家們認(rèn)為，這種不間斷的交流使英國人和美國人彼此理解起來更加容易。句中畫線部分是“make賓語賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)的一種特殊形式，其中it為形式賓語，真正的賓語為賓補(bǔ)后的不定式短語。當(dāng)賓語較長，且賓語后有補(bǔ)語時(shí)，常用it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語放到補(bǔ)語后面。(1)當(dāng)不定式短語或從句等作賓語時(shí)，多用it作形式賓語，構(gòu)成的句型主要有：makeitadj./n.(for sb. ) to do sth. makeitadj./n.that從句(2)常用于這種句型的動詞還有：think，consider，find，feel等。(1)the rain made it more difficult for us to finish the work on time.大雨使我們更難按時(shí)完成工作。(2)we must make it a duty to protect(protect) our common global environment.我們必須讓保護(hù)我們共有的地球環(huán)境成為一種責(zé)任。(3)we thought it wrong that the child was left alone in the house.我們認(rèn)為把孩子獨(dú)自留在家里是不對的。單句改錯(cuò)(4)the fact that she was foreign made difficult for her to get a job in that country.單句語法填空1.to avoid confusion(confuse)，the teams wore different colours.2.compared to/with that one，this one is better in quality.3.it is obvious that china can make a difference in the world today and tomorrow.4.a variety(vary) of goods for daily use are available in the shopping mall.5.generally speaking，friends have much in common with each other.6.you cant imagine the difficulty he had climbing(climb) onto the cliff to save the boy in trouble.7.it has got around that the famous star will get married for the third time.8.he didnt work hard all the term.obviously(obvious)，he cant pass the exam.9.we struggle to make a difference，to change the world，to dream of hope.10.china today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people want to learn about china.完成句子11.他喜歡打籃球，而我喜歡聽音樂。he likes playing basketball，while i like listening to music.12.無論他到哪里旅行，他都很想念他的祖國。no matter where/wherever he travels，he misses his homeland.13.他這次有可能通過考試。it is possible for him to pass the exam this time.14.大霧使他很難看清道路。the heavy fog made it difficult for him to see the road clearly.15.我會把所有事實(shí)都告訴你，以便你能自己做出判斷。ill give you all the facts so that you can judge for yourself.課文語法填空british and american english differ in many ways.the difference in vocabulary is most obvious.sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning，which can be 16.confusing(confuse).there are a few differences in grammar，too.the british use prepositions where americans sometimes omit them.the other two areas in 17.which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.american spelling seems simpler，and many factors 18.have influenced(influence) american pronunciation since the first settlers arrived there. 19.though/although there are so many differences，some experts believe that the two varieties are moving together.communications across the atlantic have developed 20.steadily (steady) for over a century.the experts think this non-stop communication has made 21.it easier for british people and americans 22.to understand(understand) each other.but it has also led to lots of american words and structures 23.passing(pass) into british english，so that some people now believe that british english will disappear.there are going to be many “englishes” with the international dimension. but the 24.most important (important) thing is that users of english will all be able to understand each other25.wherever they are.閱讀理解athe world is changing so fast that english, perhaps the most worldly of languages, is struggling to keep up.learners in the future are likely to be much younger.young children are often said to be better at language learning than older learners but they also have special challenges.young children dont usually have the kind of instrumental motivation and determination for learning english that older learners often have.english lessons must therefore be fun and rewarding.the reasons why people learn english are also changing.globalization is bringing together more people than ever who speak different languages and who are turning to english as the means of communication.the english learners of the future may be less worried about sounding exactly like a native speaker and more concerned about how to use english effectively in cross-cultural communication.we may be hearing more nonnative speakers in dialogues and a wider range of the “new englishes” now used around the world.technology will allow english to come to you, rather than you having to go to a special place to learn english.learning english has always involved both pain and pleasure，private effort and social activity.traditional learning provided take-it or leave-it mixes of these as well as of content but in future learners will be able to choose a plan which suits their cultural and psychological dispositions(性情) or their particular needs at that moment.they, rather than their teachers, will decide how, what and when they will learn. above all, learning english is about communication and an important benefit of learning english is being able to exchange views and make friends with people all over the world.despite the growing independence of learners, trusted institutions and brand names will remain important.1.compared to older learners, young english learners .a.are more active in learningb.are more hardworking in learningc.have more difficulties in learningd.have less lasting determination in learning答案d解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段倒數(shù)第二句可知，年輕人在英語學(xué)習(xí)方面的動力和決心不如年齡大的英語學(xué)習(xí)者強(qiáng)，故d項(xiàng)正確。2.what can we learn from the passage?a.future english lessons will be more interesting.b.old people wont have to learn english in the future.c.people will pay more attention to englis