《三級(jí)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)》PPT課件.ppt

三級(jí)考試語(yǔ)法綜合要點(diǎn),contents,倒裝句 主謂一致 現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞 動(dòng)名詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法 定語(yǔ)從句 同位語(yǔ)從句,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) structure:have/has+v.p.p. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago,yesterday,last month,since,so far,up to now, until now,for/in/over/during the past few years. He had hardly finished his speech when the audience started cheering. 他的演講一結(jié)束觀眾們就開(kāi)始振奮起來(lái)。 =Hardly had he finished his speech when the audience started cheering.(常考于倒裝用法） 將來(lái)完成時(shí) structure:shall/will have+v.p.p by/by the time/by the end of/before/until+將來(lái)時(shí)間 The students will have finished their papers by the end of this month. 直到這個(gè)月底，學(xué)生們將完成他們的論文。,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) structure:have/has+v.p.p. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago,yesterday,last month,since,so far,up to now, until now,for/in/over/during the past few years. I have seen the film several years ago. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 談?wù)搫?dòng)作從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 并且有可能持續(xù)下去 have / has been + doing sth + since/for +過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn) She played table tennis for 19 years.(動(dòng)作不能延續(xù)只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)） Ive been skating for five hours. （動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)下去可用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)）,虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法 ,1. If clause非真實(shí)條件句,事實(shí)相反,If-條件從句,結(jié)果主句,與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反,動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 bewere,would/should/could/might +動(dòng)詞原形,had+過(guò)去分詞,would/should/could/might+ have +過(guò)去分詞,動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式 were+不定式 should +動(dòng)詞原形,would （should）+動(dòng)詞原形,1. If I _ (know) her address, I would write to her. 2. What would you have done if you _(miss) the train? 3. If he _ (not be ill ), he would have done something. 4. If it _(snow) tomorrow, we _(get up) early. 5. If you should succeed, everything all right. 6.If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he _ (make) greater progress.,Practices:,had missed,had not been ill,were to /should snow/ snowed,should get up,would be,knew,would have made,e.g. 1.If they were here, they would help us.,Were they here, they would help us.,2.If you had come earlier, nothing would have happened.,Had you come earlier, nothing would have happened.,Attention:,When “if” was omitted, the order should be inverted.,如果從句中有were, should, had等詞,可省略if。 were，should, had放句首進(jìn)行倒裝。,2.時(shí)間錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜句,主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間，這時(shí)主，從句謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同，這叫做混合條件 句。,e.g. 1. If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。）,2. If I were you, I wouldnt have missed the film last night. (從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,主句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反.),3.暗含條件句,but for, but, but that, （要不是）, without（如果沒(méi)有）, otherwise（要不然）, or（要不然） , (in case of, supposing, under more favorable condition)相對(duì)少幾乎沒(méi)有, etc. e.g.1. He would not get such a result without your help. 2. But for you, I could not be recovered so soon.,4.主語(yǔ)從句,Structure: It is + 形容詞/名詞/動(dòng)詞的-ed形式 + that .其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用 “should + 動(dòng)詞原形”（美國(guó)英語(yǔ)常省略should，只用動(dòng)詞原形）。 形容詞: necessary, important, impossible, strange, natural essential, surprising, astonishing, etc. 過(guò)去分詞: desired, demanded, ordered requested, suggested, recommended, required etc. 名詞: advice, decision, desire, demand, idea, motion, order, pity, preference, proposal, recommendation. etc. e.g. 1. It is essential that you (should) win the voters hearts. 2. It was suggested that he (should) join the club activities. 3. It is impossible that he should go home.,5.賓語(yǔ)從句,1. 在suggest , demand , order , propose , insist , command , request , desire, 等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”，表示建議、要求、命令等。 e.g. 1.He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves. 2.I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 3.He insisted that all of us (should) be there on time by any means. Attention: 當(dāng)insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”、suggest表示“表明，暗示”時(shí)，其后的從句中不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 e.g.1. He insisted that he was honest. 2.The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him.,2. wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 wish 后面賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，要按“后退一步法”,從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作（be的過(guò)去式為 were）,主句,從句,現(xiàn)在時(shí),過(guò)去時(shí),從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生（had + 過(guò)去分詞）,過(guò)去時(shí),過(guò)去完成時(shí),將來(lái)不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,將來(lái)時(shí),would/could +動(dòng)詞原形,e.g.1. He wished he hadnt said that. 2. I wish it would rain tomorrow. 3. I wish that the experiment were a success. 4. I wish that I could have gone with you last night. 5. We wish that they would come soon. Practices: 1. I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _ there. A. were B. would be C. had been D. will be 2.Peter wishes that he _ law instead of literature when he was in college. A. could study B. studied C. had studied D. would study 3. You wished she the next day A. would come B. had come C. comes D. to come,c,c,A,3.would rather , would sooner, had rather, would (just) as soon，would prefer（希望）也用來(lái)表達(dá)主觀愿望，它們之后的賓語(yǔ)從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，用過(guò)去完成式表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。表示“寧愿做什么”或“對(duì)過(guò)去做的事的懊悔”。 e.g. 1.I would rather he came tomorrow than today. 2.John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening. 3.I would rather everything hadn t happened in the past. 4.The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office 5.To be frank，Id rather you were not involved in the case,6.表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句,Words: demand , desire ,requirement , advice , recommendation suggestion, order ,necessity preference Proposal, plan, idea, resolution. etc. e.g. 1. We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off 2.The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes be accepted by everyone 3. My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. 4. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.,7. It is（about high）time that定語(yǔ)從句,在It is（abouthigh）time that定語(yǔ)從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示“該做的時(shí)候了”，其動(dòng)詞形式用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或should 動(dòng)詞原形/ e.g. 1.Its already 5 oclock nowDont you think its about time we went home？ 2.It is about time you were in bed. 3.It is high time we left. 4.It is the first time I came here. Attention: 在this is the first time second time that句型中，從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用陳述語(yǔ)氣完成時(shí)態(tài)e.g.1.Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong？ 2.Its time to do something有別于Its time that,8. 在if only 引起的感嘆句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 3.would rather , would sooner, had rather, would (just) as soon，would prefer（希望）也用來(lái)表達(dá)主觀愿望，它們之后的賓語(yǔ)從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式,過(guò)去完成式/would /could +動(dòng)詞原形(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與wish賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬形式相同). e.g.1.If only he didnt drive so fast! (現(xiàn)在) 2.If only she had asked someones advice.(過(guò)去) 3.If only the rain would stop.(將來(lái)) practice: Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I _ your advice. A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed,B,3.would rather , would sooner, had rather, would (just) as soon，would prefer（希望）也用來(lái)表達(dá)主觀愿望，它們之后的賓語(yǔ)從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。,9.由連接詞in case, lest ,for fear that引起的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬形式，即should (might, would)+動(dòng)詞原形 ,e.g. 1.She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates. 2.I avoided mentioning the subject lest he be offended.,10. as if (though) 從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 以as if (as though)引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，若表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；若表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；表示將來(lái)的可能性不大，用would (might, could)+動(dòng)詞原形： e.g. 1.He acts as if he knew me. 2.They treat me as though I were a stranger. 3.He talks as if he had been abroad.,倒裝句 部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：倒裝的副詞結(jié)構(gòu)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+主要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+其他的部分 1.否定副詞：hardly,scarcely,nowhere,few,little,never,no,not,seldom. little does he take care of himself. 2.含有否定副詞no的短語(yǔ) in no way,by no means,in /under no circumstance,etc. in no circumstance can we give up studying and working.,3.sothat,neithernor,not onlybut also,not until,often,so So frightened was he that he couldnt move an inch. Not only can he operate the computer,but also he can make use of it to finish the work. 4.虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的省略if,當(dāng)if從句中有were,had,should中的一個(gè)就可以進(jìn)行倒裝 If I were you,I would finish this work. Were I you,I would finish this work.,Only：only in this way, only after, only when Only in this way can we learn English well. Only after he had spoken out words did he realize that he made a big mistake.,主謂一致 主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況： 1. and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有以下兩種情況： (1) 如果指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的人或 事物的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：,語(yǔ)法一致原則,He and I are both students of this school. 我和他都是這個(gè)學(xué)校的學(xué)生。 (2) 但如果連接兩個(gè)以上的名詞指的是同一個(gè)人或物, 或者指同一概念的時(shí)候, 謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)。,The singer and dancer is going to give us a performance. 那個(gè)歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演。 The knife and fork is on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。,2. 如果主語(yǔ)是不定式, 動(dòng)詞ing形式或 主語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 What he is doing seems very important. 他正在做的事情看起來(lái)很重要。 Collecting stamps is his hobby. 收集郵票是他的愛(ài)好。,3. 定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞who, which, that在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。 Those who enjoy singing may join us. Tom, who is your friend, should help you.,4. 就遠(yuǎn)原則 with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有這些連接詞和主語(yǔ)連用,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)隨主語(yǔ)的變化而變化。例如： The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street. 老師和他的學(xué)生們正在街道上植樹(shù)。,either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中連接主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候或者在there be句型中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和就近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。,5.就近原則,Neither you nor I am wrong. There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.,Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.,6. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名詞作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of后面的名詞保持一致。,Half of the students have finished their composition. 一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。 Half of the apple is bad. 一半的蘋果壞了。 About 60 percent of the students in our school are boys. 百分之六十的工作已經(jīng)做完了。,7. 復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。 Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。 Nothing is found in the room. 在屋子里什么也沒(méi)找到。,現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞 英語(yǔ)中的分詞有兩種：現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞由動(dòng)詞原形加ing構(gòu)成，過(guò)去分詞由動(dòng)詞原形加ed構(gòu)成，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行或主動(dòng)意義，過(guò)去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成或被動(dòng)意義，兩者之間既有相同之處，又有區(qū)別。,英語(yǔ)中分詞有兩種：現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。分詞在句中可以充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。,現(xiàn)在分詞,一般式doing 一般被動(dòng)式being done 完成式having done 完成被動(dòng)式having been done,過(guò)去分詞,過(guò)去分詞只有一種形式，即V-ed。沒(méi)有所謂的“一般體”“進(jìn)行體”與“完成體”之分。過(guò)去分詞也沒(méi)有“主動(dòng)式”與“被動(dòng)式”之稱謂。,現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式：現(xiàn)在分詞有時(shí)需要完成形式，說(shuō)明它表示的動(dòng)作在主要謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，這類短語(yǔ)或是作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或是作原因狀語(yǔ),Having found a hotel,they began to look for a restaurant. Having got our tickets,we drove to the airport to board the plane. Having been ill for two weeks,she felt rather weak. Having lived there for some time,she knew the place quite well. Not having got an answer,I decided to write him another letter.,過(guò)去分詞的體現(xiàn)形式,Given another hour, I can also work out this problem. 再給我一個(gè)小時(shí),我也能解這道題。 Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us. 從山頂看城市,城市顯得更漂亮.,boiling water boiled water the falling leaves the fallen leaves the changing matter the changed matter the developing country the developed country,現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ),試比較：,A.現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而過(guò)去分詞則表示完成的動(dòng)作： e.g.falling leaves /fallen leaves boiling water / boiled water developing country/developed country B.現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作主動(dòng)的意思，所修飾的人或物是分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)的意思，所修飾的人或物是分詞的承受者。 e.g. an exciting film/excited speaker,現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ),The story is exciting. 這個(gè)故事很令人興奮的。 The situation is encouraging. 總形勢(shì)是令人鼓舞的。 His lecture is interesting. Im interested in it. 他的演講是有趣的，我對(duì)此比較感興趣。 The film is touching. 這部影片是令人感動(dòng)的,過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ),I was very excited at the news. 這則消息讓我很激動(dòng)。 The glass was broken. 這塊玻璃破碎了。 The door remains locked. 這道門仍鎖著。 She looked disappointed. 她看起來(lái)很失望。 We are surprised to hear the news. 聽(tīng)到這則消息我們感到吃驚。,I saw him repairing the watch. 我看到他修理手表。 I heard someone knocking at the door. 我聽(tīng)到有人在敲門。 The children watched the plane taking off at the airport. 孩子們?cè)跈C(jī)場(chǎng)看到飛機(jī)起飛。 The Frenchman tried to make his speech inspiring. 法國(guó)人嘗試著去做鼓舞人心的演講。,現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ),I found the boy beaten black and blue. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)男孩被打的鼻青臉腫。 The Frenchman tried to make himself understood. 這個(gè)法國(guó)人嘗試著讓自己理解。 John will get his room painted. 約翰將要到達(dá)被粉刷的房間。,過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ),現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ),表時(shí)間,現(xiàn)在分詞(同時(shí)發(fā)生）,When I was walking along the street, I met an old friend of mine. = Walking along the street, I met an old When he entered the dining-room, he saw his mother in a white clean overall. = Entering the dining-room, he saw his mother in While we were working in the factory, we learned a lot from the workers. = Working in the factory, we learned a lot ,現(xiàn)在分詞(同時(shí)發(fā)生）,Seeing those pictures, he couldnt help thinking of those days inYanan. = When he saw those pictures, he Turning round, Fanny found an ambulance driving up . = When she turned round, Fanny found,現(xiàn)在分詞（已經(jīng)完成）,Having watered the vegetables, they began to pick up the apples. = After they had watered vegetables, Having finished the work, he went back home on foot. = After he had finished the work,完成時(shí)態(tài)用 現(xiàn)在分詞,After they had done their homework, they went out to play basketball. = Having done their homework, they went out . After he had lunch, he went to play basketball. = Having had lunch, he went to play basketball. Because I have seen the film twice, I dont plan to see it again = Having seen the film twice, I dont plan to see it again.,分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示原因、條件、讓步,As I did not know how to do it, I asked him to help me. = Not knowing how to do it, I asked him If you stand on the church tower, you can see the whole village. = Standing on the church tower, you can see Though he is old, he studies hard. = Being old, he studies hard. As they were blind men, how could they see! = Being blind men, how could they see!,被動(dòng)用 過(guò)去分詞,If they had been given enough sunlight, the flowers could have grown. Though he was warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.,= Given enough sunlight, the flowers could ,= Warned of the danger, he still went skating,過(guò)去分詞,Inspired by Dr. Chens speech, they decided to study Maths harder. Persuaded by my mother, she gladly went there alone.,= Because they were inspired by Dr. Chens speech,= Because she was persuaded by my mother,過(guò)去分詞完成式,After they have been written, the compositions must be handed in this afternoon. After he had supper, he went out for a walk. Because he was bitten by a dog, he trembles whenever he sees a dog.,= Having been written, the composition.,=Having had supper, he went out for a walk.,=Having been bitten by a dog, he trembles whenever he sees a dog.,分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，就是分詞前加了一個(gè)名詞或代詞，分詞的動(dòng)作就是這個(gè)名詞或代詞做的，而不是句子的主語(yǔ)做的。換句話說(shuō)，分詞有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語(yǔ)，邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)并不是同一個(gè)人或事物。這時(shí)候，分詞短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)的短句。我們稱這種有自己獨(dú)立主語(yǔ)的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，叫分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。,獨(dú)立主格,If the weather permits, well have an outing tomorrow. = Weather permitting, well have an outing tomorrow. Since the last bus had gone, we had to walk home. = The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.,動(dòng)名詞,動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組或句子結(jié)構(gòu)后+動(dòng)詞ing形式 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：admit,appreciate,excuse,stand,advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, include, keep, understand, mind, report,risk,miss, delay, practise, resist, suggest, escape 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)：give up, cannot help, keep on, put off, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, cant help, feel like,be used to, get used to, devoteto, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to,have a hard time,句子結(jié)構(gòu)：It is no use.，It is no good.，It is fun.，It is a waste of time.there is no point, The teacher doesnt permit smoking in class. Did you have trouble in finding the swimming pool?,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法,結(jié)構(gòu)： Must +have+v.p.p（過(guò)去一定做過(guò)某事） Can/Could(not)+have+v.p.p（過(guò)去（不）可能做過(guò)某事） May/might+have+v.p.p（過(guò)去可能做過(guò)某事，比can/could語(yǔ)氣較弱） Should/ought to(not)+have+v.p.p（過(guò)去本應(yīng)該/本不應(yīng)該去做某事） Neednt +have+v.p.p（本沒(méi)必要去做某事）,Wang Qin did not come to the meeting;he could not have missed the notice on blackboard. 果因關(guān)系中存在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表過(guò)去推測(cè)的用法。,定語(yǔ)從句 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 介詞+which的用法 That 的用法 As 的用法,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物，有時(shí)as也可用作關(guān)系代詞 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。 As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month 正如每個(gè)人所知道的那樣，月亮繞著地球運(yùn)行每個(gè)月一次。 Mike，as we expected，attended the meeting 像我們所期望的那樣，邁克參加了會(huì)議。 as后常接expect，know，report，say，see等動(dòng)詞的主、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句。,介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞,1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。 2）that前不能有介詞。 3） 某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的“介詞+關(guān)系詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when ,where和why 互換。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club? This is the reason why he came late. This is the reason for which he came late.,listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of, look into, break into, get rid of, take part in, make use of, take/catch hold of, catch up with, get along with, look forward to等都是短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,不可拆分 The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.保育員們照看的那些孩子們很健康。 （不可說(shuō)after whom the nurses are looking） He has a knife with which to defend himself.他有一把用于自衛(wèi)的刀子。,This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel. 請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰(shuí)那借的這本英文小說(shuō)。,whose, of whom與of which,關(guān)系代詞 whose，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，既可指人，又可指物，在從句中只能作定語(yǔ)；of whom 只能指人；of which 只能指物，有時(shí) whose 可以與 of whom 和 of which 互換使用。 The house whose doors are green is an office building. 門是綠色的那座房子是辦公樓。 定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是 few, little, some, most, many, much等時(shí)，一般只用of whom和of which。 定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級(jí)時(shí)，一般只用of whom和of which。 定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是all, none, both, neither, each等不定代詞時(shí)，一般只用of whom和of which。 在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般只用of whom和of which。,In the room are lots of people, many of whom I dont know. 房間里有很多人，很多人我不認(rèn)識(shí)。 He has a lot of story-books, a few of which I have never read. 他有很多故事書(shū)，有幾本故事書(shū)我還從未看過(guò)。 The old man has three children, two of whom are college students and one of whom is a manager. 那個(gè)老人有三個(gè)小孩，其中兩個(gè)是大學(xué)生，另一個(gè)是經(jīng)理。 There are fifty students in our class, all of whom are working hard. 我們班有五十個(gè)學(xué)生，所有這五十個(gè)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)都刻苦。,He has three brothers, of whom Li Lei is the youngest one. 他有三兄弟，李雷是他們中最小的一個(gè)。,關(guān)系代詞that 的用法,(1)不用that的情況 (a) 在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。 (錯(cuò))The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here. (b) 介詞后不能用。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. (2) 只能用that作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況 (a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 (b) 在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。,c) 先行詞有the only, the