淺析英文民生新聞標題中的反語畢業(yè)論文

1廣師天河學院畢 業(yè) 設 計（論 文）題 目： 淺析英文民生新聞標題中的反語 （英文）： An Analysis of Irony in English Civic News Headline 系 別： 外語學院 專 業(yè)： 英語 姓 名： 馮淑婷 學 號： 2012073243408 指導教師： 沈悅英 日 期： 2016 年 5 月 An Analysis of Irony in English Civic News Headline English Contract ABSTRACT With the dramatic development of economic globalization, Chinas communication with outside world has become more frequent than ever before. Meanwhile English news is one of the most important resources for people. With the living standard continually being improved, people pay more and more attention to their civic situation and problems. For the whole piece of the news, the headline is crucial, and it determines whether readers will read the whole piece of news. So the headline is the eye of the whole news which brightens the news. As a kind of rhetorical device, pun is not only widely used in literary works, but also accounted for a place in the news headlines. Simple to say, irony can make news headlines become more humorous, more real, and closer to life. In order to be able to understand the real meaning expressed by the news headlines, it is necessary for people to be familiar with irony. So this paper is going to study irony in English civic news headline. The first part of this paper is a brief introduction to the research object of the paperthe irony in English civic news headlines. The second part is to introduce the basic definition of irony and the relationship between irony and English news headlines. The third part is to analyze the characteristics of irony in English civic news headlines. The fourth part is to analyze the functions of irony in English civic news. The last part is to summarize the whole paper.Key Words: irony; English civic news headline; characteristics; functions淺析英文民生新聞標題中的反語摘 要隨著經(jīng)濟全球化快速發(fā)展，中國與世界的交流越來越頻繁了,英文新聞成為了最重要的信息來源之一。 隨著人們生活水平的不斷提升， 他們越來越關注民生狀況和其問題。新聞標題對于一整篇新聞來說是至關重要的，它決定了讀者是否會查閱一整篇新聞，所以說標題是新聞的眼睛，它點亮了整篇新聞。反語作為一種修辭手法，除了被廣泛地運用在文學作品中，在新聞標題中也占了一席之地。簡略的說，反語能夠?qū)嵶屝侣剺祟}更加幽默，更加真實，更加貼近生活。為了能夠很好的理解新聞標題所表達的真正意義，熟知反語是非常的重要的。所以本論文淺略地研究分析英文民生新聞標題中的反語。本論文的第一部分是簡略的介紹了論文要研究的對象，也就是英語民生新聞標題中的反語。 第二部分是介紹反語的基本定義和反語與英文新聞標題的關系。第三部分是分析反語在英文民生新聞標題中的特征。第四部分是分析反語在英語民生新聞中的作用。最后的一部分就是總結(jié)全文。關鍵詞：反語; 英文民生新聞標題; 特征; 功能 Contents. Introduction .1.The Relationship between Irony and English News Headline.22.1 Definition of Irony .32.2 The Role of Irony in English News Headline.4 . The Characteristics of Irony in English Civic News Headline .43.1 Criticize Civic Problems with Ironic Humor.53.2 Express the Civic Situation Impressively .63.3 Describe the Civic Events Obligingly.7. The Functions of Irony in English Civic News Headline .94. 1Dispense the Inherent Vapidity .134.2 Ironically Highlight the Prevalent Peoples True Feelings.14V. Conclusion .15Bibliography .17Acknowledgements.19廣師天河學院本科畢業(yè)論文1I. Introduction News headline is one of the most important parts of the news. It is eye-catching highlight which attracts readers attention and previews the whole news. Compared with other English news, English civic news is ignored by scholars. The same as the English civic news, irony is not taken seriously by scholars compared with other English rhetoric devices. When people want to know more about irony, and they search the information of English rhetoric devices, the first thing which shows up is always not irony. In order to find out what is really needed, digging harder for irony is always the important thing. At the end of it, frustration shows up after finding out the truly situation about irony. Although irony is commonly used in our daily life, but it seems that people dont really care about it. Such being the case, paying more attention to irony and English civic news is extremely necessary, because they are common in daily life and are very important. This paper is going to study on the irony in English civic news headline. The definition of irony in Websters New World Dictionary is “a method of humorous or subtly sarcastic expression in which the intended meaning if the words used is the direct opposite of their usual sense.”(Michael E. Agnes 284). Actually, irony is commonly used in the English civic news headline. Irony in English civic news headline seemed quite immaterial to scholars so that people started to neglect the importance of irony. Therefore, it is high time to pay attention to it for its development. This paper works on analyzing the characteristics and functions of irony in English civic news headline. Meanwhile, this paper will provide some unique characteristics and functions on irony in English civic news headline to serve the readers and provide some information to figure out the significance of irony in English civic news headline. The characteristics will help to criticize civic problems with ironic humor, express the civic situation impressively and describe the civic events obligingly. And the functions dispense the inherent vapidity, ironically highlight the prevalent peoples true feelings and trenchantly expose the civic problems.II. The Relationship between Irony and English News HeadlineWith the high speed development of the Internet, people gather information more easily. Living in an era full of all kinds of information, people need to get valuable information through all sorts of media. And as the widespread information resource media, news is one of the most popular sources for people gathering information. In one hand, as news headline is 2the highlight for the whole news, news headline seems to be the widespread media for reader to absorb the information quickly. In the other hand, as the official languages of the most populous countries, English is the worlds most widely-used language. So on the whole, English news is easier to spread. Above all, English news headline is the most effective way to convey information. In this part of the paper, it concentrates on the relationship between irony and English news headline.2.1 Definition of IronyIrony (from Ancient Greek (eirnea), meaning “dissimulation, feigned ignorance“), in its broadest sense, is a rhetorical device, a literary technique, or an event in which what appears, on the surface, to be the case, differs radically from what is actually the case. Irony may be divided into categories such as verbal, dramatic, and situational. Muecke, DC described irony in his book The Compass of Irony: “Verbal, dramatic, and situational irony are often used for emphasis in the assertion of a truth. The ironic form of simile, used in sarcasm, and some forms of litotes can emphasize ones meaning by the deliberate use of language which states the opposite of the truth, denies the contrary of the truth, or drastically and obviously understates a factual connection.” (Muecke 80) Henry Watson Fowler, in The Kings English, says “any definition of ironythough hundreds might be given, and very few of them would be acceptedmust include this, that the surface meaning and the underlying meaning of what is said are not the same.” (Henry 126) The use of irony may require the concept of a double audience. Fowlers A Dictionary of Modern English Usage says:Irony is a form of utterance that postulates a double audience, consisting of one party that hearing shall hear a contradictory outcome of events as if in mockery of the promise and fitness of things. (James Murray 403) Its difficult to give irony a perfect explanation. In Samuel Johnsons Dictionary, irony is defined as a mode of speech in which the meaning is clearly contrary to the words.（Samuel 147） Now according to the Oxford Advanced Learners English-Chinese Dictionary, irony is the expression of ones meaning by saying the direct opposite of ones thoughts in order to be emphatic, amusing, sarcastic, etc. D. Sperber and D. Wilson published On Verbal Irony and it claimed “an ironical utterance is traditionally analyzed as literally saying one thing and figuratively meaning the opposite. Thus the ironical remark what lovely weather would have the figurative meaning what awful weather, and so on.” (Sperber Wilson 60).Although irony has so many definitions there is no integrated definition for irony. However, the present research of English irony seems to describe the meaningful idea instead of definition.2.2 The Roles of Irony in English News Headline Irony is in a particular language environment. The functions of irony are to satirize and to create humorous atmosphere. Sometimes irony is more powerful. Adopting opposite words to express real intention is the feature of irony. It is more interesting for readers to read.News headline is the eye of the news. The most important function of it is to reveal the main content of the news to the readers concisely. And let the readers in the shortest possible time to obtain as much information as possible. When readers read the news, the first thing coming to the eyes is the headline. A wonderful news headline could strike a chord with other readers immediately which is just like a magnet to attract readers. On the contrary, dull headlines often cannot arouse the readers interest to read.4The first role of irony in English news headlines is to create humor for catching readers eyes. Irony can produce a humorous effect. On one hand, it makes language vivid and impressive. It often has a surprising effect. On the other hand, it can increase the relationship between people, maintain humorous atmosphere.Example 1:Canadian start-up sells bottled fresh air to China, says sales booming. (CNN) In example 1, China now is shrouded in a pollution haze very badly. In a way fresh air become more and more precious to China. Actually, Canadian air is not that fresh as they say. But compared with Chinese air, it is the treasure. Here the news doesnt want to express that the Canadian air is fresh. On the contrary, it just wants to express that the Canadian air is the normal air which all the creatures breathe every day. But Chinese people are crazy to buy it. The result of this irony is to make active atmosphere and bring the interest to support readers to go through the whole passage. They want to figure out why China would need a bottle of air.A humorous atmosphere will relieve the readers emotion. And it will arouse the readers desire to dig