初中英語(yǔ)-牛津上海版8A被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解及練習(xí)(有答案)

PAGEPAGE1被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。它的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：be動(dòng)詞+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。所有的時(shí)態(tài)變化在be動(dòng)詞上。以動(dòng)詞sing為例。時(shí)態(tài)∕語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Jaysingsmanysongseveryyear.ManysongsaresungbyJayeveryyear.一般過(guò)去時(shí)Jaysangmanysongslastyear.ManysongsweresungbyJaylastyear.一般將來(lái)時(shí)Jaywillsing/isgoingtosingmanysongsthisyear.Manysongswillbesung/aregoingtobesungbyJaythisyear.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)JayissinginganEnglishsong.AnEnglishsongisbeingsungby

Jay.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)Jaywassingingasongjustnow.AsongwasbeingsungbyJayjustnow.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Jayhassunglotsofsongsinthepastfewyears.Lotsofsongshavebeensungby

Jayinthepastfewyears.過(guò)去完成時(shí)Jayhadsungplentyofsongsbylastyear.PlentyofsongshadbeensungbyJaylastyear.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)Jaysaidhewouldsingmoresongsinthefuture.Jaysaidmoresongswouldbesunginthefuture.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Jaycansingmanysongs.ManysongscanbesungbyJay.注意以下幾種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊情況：一．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不定式要還原Let/make/see/hear/watchsb.dosth.sb.belet/made/seen/heard/watchedtodosth.Mymothermademelookafterthelittlesisteryesterday.Iwasmadetolookafterthelittlesisterbymymotheryesterday.有些動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))1)

不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：

appear,die，disappear,end(vi.結(jié)束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand

breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.

2)

系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：

appear,be，become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn3)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)：

fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch，agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto4)

系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：

appear,be，become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn5)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，很少用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

Iwanttogonow.三．主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)的幾種情況1）有些不及物動(dòng)詞形式上為主動(dòng)，但是表示被動(dòng)含義。這本書(shū)銷路很好。Thisbooksellswell.這本小說(shuō)讀起來(lái)很有趣。Thisnovelreadswell.肉很容易切。Meatcutseasily.此類詞還有l(wèi)ock,shut,open,move,write,sell,wash,clean,catch,draw2）有些進(jìn)行時(shí)，形式上主動(dòng)，但含被動(dòng)之意。Thebookisprinting.=Thebookisbeingprinted.Thehouseisbuilding.=Thehouseisbeingbuilt.3）介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)，主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)。Thequestionisnowunderdiscussion.Thefirewasfinallyundercontrol.Alltheseoldbuildingsareunderrepairs.

PracticeI.Choosethebestanswer.(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?1.Over$30,000______forachildren’hospitalbyaBritishgirlseveralmonthsago.A)israised B)wasraised C)willberaised D)hasbeenraised2.I'msurethatstricterrulestocontrolcigarettesmoking______verysoon.A)made B)willmake C)weremade D)willbemade3.Manyhouses______inthebigfireafewdaysago.Whatashame!A)weredamaged B)damage C)weredamaging D)damaged4.ThatbuildingispartofShanghai’shistory.It______manyyearsago.A)built B)builds C)isbuilt D)wasbuilt5.Manyoldhousesaroundourschool______nextyearandalargegreenareawillappear.A)pulldown B)willbepulleddownC)willpulldown D)arepulleddown6.Whenyouleavetheroom,makesurethedoor________.A)waslocked B)islocked C)willbelocked D)shouldbelocked7.HalfoftheBeijing’sprivatecars_______offtheroadsduetoheavysmogonFriday.A)order B)areordered C)ordered D)wereordered8.Thegirls_______howtodanceamonthagoandnowtheycandancewell.A)weretaught B)willbetaught C)aretaught D)havebeentaught9.Tomandhissister_______tothebarbecuelastSaturday.Theywereveryhappy.A)haveinvited B)wereinvited C)wereinviting D)invited10.--Doyoubelievetherearealiens?--I’mafraidnot.Idon’tthinkaliens_____inspace.A)canfind B)canbefoundC)canbefounded D)can’tbefound11.Fewstudentscanunderstandthesentenceuntilit________twiceorthreetimes.A)explains B)isexplained C)willbeexplained D)hasexplained12.—Peoplesaythesubway________buildinginHarbininafewyears.—Sounds___________.Ihaveneverseenitbefore.A)willfinish;interesting B)isfinished;interested C)willbefinished;interesting D)wouldbefinished;interesting13.—Iwanttoknowwhen_______haveafieldtrip.—We’llhaveitwhenallthework_______.

A)youare;willfinish B)youwill;finishes

C)youwill;isfinished D)youwill;isfinish14.Oh,thisisreallyabigshop.Doyouknowwhenit________?A)built B)wasbuilt

C)hasbuilt D)hasbeenbuilt15.—Susan,whyareyoustillhere?Theyareallreadytostart.

—I’msorry,butI________whentomeet.A)don’ttell B)didn’ttell

C)haven’ttold D)wasn’ttold

16.Thethief_______onthescenewhenhewastryingtogetawaywiththenecklace.A)willbecaught B)iscaught C)wascaught D)hasbeencaught17.Blacktea_______inChinaduringtheMingDynastyasawaytokeepteafresh.A)invented B)wasinvented C)isinvented D)isinventing【答案】1.B;2.D;3.A;4.D5.B;6.B;7.D;8.A;9.B;10.B;11.B;12.C;13.C;14.B;15.D;16.C;17.BHomeworkI. Fillintheblankwiththegivenverbinthepassivevoice.1.YangpuBridge___________(build)in1993.2.Moremoney___________(spend)oneducationnextyear.3.Alotofwater___________(waste)everyyear.It’saseriousproblem.4.Thenewspapersaidmoregoodteachers___________(send)toYunnansometimenextyear.5.Whenwegottothetop,thesunhadrisen.Therewe___________(tell)tobeearlierthenexttime.6.“Remember,nobody___________(allow)toeatordrinkinthecomputerroom,”theassistantsaidtothenewstudents.7.Largeamountsofinformation___________(store)inthecomputer.8.Bythetimehegotthere,thecar___________(paint).9.Thewoundedsoldiers___________(operate)onnow.10.Hundredsofthebooks___________(borrow)fromthelibraryinthepastthreedays.11.I___________(tell)thatJimwouldcomebackfromNewYorkintwodays.12.Themanagersaidtheproject__________bytheendoftheyear.(complete)13.Theworkerstoldmethatthecar__________assoonaspossible.(mend)14.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundthetickets__________out.(sell)15.Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath.He__________tobeagreatleader.(consider)16.Aftertheparty,someofthestudentspickedupalltherubbishthat__________onthefloorofthehall.(drop)

17.Heisoftenmade__________thetableafterdinner.(clean)【答案】1.wasbuilt;2.willbespent;3.iswasted4.wouldbesent;5.aretold;6.isallowed;7.isstored8.hadbeenpainted;9.areoperated;10.havebeenborrowed;11.wastold12.wouldbecompleted/wouldhavebeencompleted;13.wouldbemended;14.hadbeensold;15.hadbeenconsidered;16.hadbeendropped;17.tocleanII.Translation.(漢譯英,需用到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))1.我生日時(shí)有人送了我一件禮物。_____________________________________________________________________2.這條新裙子是做給我的。_____________________________________________________________________3.這肉是做給我們吃的。_____________________________________________________________________4.這位病人正在做手術(shù)。_____________________________________________________________________5.這個(gè)問(wèn)題已解決，不需要再討論了。_____________________________________________________________________6.由于天氣不好，運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將會(huì)推遲。_____________________________________________________________________7.這間教室總是保持得很清潔。_____________________________________________________________________8.他經(jīng)常被聽(tīng)到在彈鋼琴。_____________________________________________________________________9.這肉不好煮。_____________________________________________________________________10.這肉已經(jīng)煮了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。_____________________________________________________________________【答案】1.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday./Apresentwasgiventomeonmybirthday.2.Thisnewskirtismadeforme.3.Themeatiscookedforus.4.Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.5.Thisproblemhasbeensolved.Itneedn’tbetalkedabout.6.Thesportsmeetingwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.7.Thisclassroomisalwayskeptclean.8.Heisoftenheardtoplaythepiano.9.Themeatdoesn’tboilwell.10.Th