【高三寒假檢測(cè)卷】04 文化遺產(chǎn) 歷史文化傳統(tǒng)文化多樣性主題專練 （解析版）

2/2第04練文化遺產(chǎn)~歷史文化傳統(tǒng)~文化多樣性主題專練AIthadbeena“l(fā)ong”andhardwalkfromhometothesubwaystationforteenagerMandyChanwhenshefirstputonhanfuinpublic.ChanisoneofthefoundersofhanfuinHongKong.“Itwasasetwithacream-coloredshirt,abrownjacketinChina’sMingdynastystyleandaredpleatedskirtmadebyme,”sherecalledrecently,almost10yearslater.ItwasnotthelooksfromothersbutherlimitedknowledgeonthetraditionalChineseclothingthathadmadeheruncomfortable.Chanadded,“IfanyonehadaskedwhatIwaswearing,orthehistorybehindit,IwouldhavebeenafraidIcouldn’ttellthemthewholepicture.”However,heruneasinesshadgraduallygonewithmorein-depthresearchontraditionalChineseculture.HanfuwasthetraditionalclothingofChina’sHanethnicgroupthatwasformedinthemainresidentialareasoftheHanpeopleinancientChina.Thehistoricalclothinghasuntoldstoriesandideasineverydetail.Thecuttingandstitchinglineinthemiddlepartofhanfufitsthespine(脊椎)ofthehumanbodyandhelpspeopletodressproperly.Thisdesign,whichhastranscended(超越)itselfasmeredecoration,pointstothequalitiesofthewearersasuprightandmoderate(溫和的)individuals.,“InsteadofimitatingpeoplelikewhatIusedtodo,Ihavejumpedoutofmycomfortzoneandfoundthestylethatsuitsmebest,”Chansaid.“Throughhanfu,Ihavefoundmyselfandsomanyunexploredthingsinmylife.”Chanaddedthatshehadfoundherlifelongpassionthroughhanfu,whichisagoalanddreamthathasneverbeenabsentfromherlife.Chanfoundshewasnotaloneafterfallinginlovewithhanfu.Shebelievesthatclassicswillnevergooutofstyleandsheherselfhasincorporated(使并入)hanfuintohereverydaylife.1．WhydidChanfeeluneasywhenshefirstworehanfuinpublic?A．Herclotheswerewornout.B．Shedidn’tlikelooksfromothers.C．Herclothesdidn’tfitherproperly.D．Shehadalimitedknowledgeofhanfu.2．Whatisspecialabouthanfuindesignaccordingtoparagraph3?A．Itnevergoesoutoffashion.B．Itshowspersonalqualitiesofitswearers.C．Ithasmanydifferentstylesforchoice.D．Itappealstopeopleofallagesandsocialgroups.3．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．HanfuhasastronginfluenceonChan.B．HanfuwillbeabigbusinessinChina.C．Hanfuwilltaketheleadinthefashion.D．Hanfuallowshertogettoknowmorepeople.4．Inwhichpartofamagazinemaywereadthistext?A．Health. B．Travel. C．Sports. D．Culture.【答案】1．D2．B3．A4．D【語(yǔ)篇分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講的是中國(guó)漢服的相關(guān)知識(shí)及漢服對(duì)MandyChan的影響?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“ItwasnotthelooksfromothersbutherlimitedknowledgeonthetraditionalChineseclothingthathadmadeheruncomfortable.（讓她感到不舒服的不是別人的表情，而是她對(duì)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)服裝的了解有限。）”可知，當(dāng)她第一次在公共場(chǎng)合穿漢服時(shí)，她感到很不自在是因?yàn)樗龑?duì)漢服的了解有限。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thisdesign,whichhastranscended(超越)itselfasmeredecoration,pointstothequalitiesofthewearersasuprightandmoderate(溫和的)individuals.（這種設(shè)計(jì)，已經(jīng)超越了它本身僅僅作為裝飾，指出了穿著者作為正直和溫和的個(gè)體的品質(zhì)。）”可知，漢服在設(shè)計(jì)上的特別之處在于它顯示了穿著者的個(gè)人品質(zhì)。故選B。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Chanaddedthatshehadfoundherlifelongpassionthroughhanfu,whichisagoalanddreamthathasneverbeenabsentfromherlife.（Chan補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，她通過(guò)漢服找到了自己一生的激情，這是她生活中從未缺少的一個(gè)目標(biāo)和夢(mèng)想。）”可知，漢服對(duì)Chan的影響很大。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第三段的“HanfuwasthetraditionalclothingofChina’sHanethnicgroupthatwasformedinthemainresidentialareasoftheHanpeopleinancientChina.Thehistoricalclothinghasuntoldstoriesandideasineverydetail.（漢服是中國(guó)漢族的傳統(tǒng)服飾，是中國(guó)古代漢族主要聚居區(qū)形成的。歷史服裝的每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)都有不為人知的故事和想法。）”可知，本文主要講的是中國(guó)漢服的相關(guān)知識(shí)及漢服對(duì)MandyChan的影響，因此我們可能在雜志的文化部分讀到這篇文章，故選D。BTherearesome7,000languagesspokenworldwide,eachunique,usingdifferentsounds,vocabulariesandstructures.CharlestheGreatsaid:“Tohaveasecondlanguageistohaveasecondsoul.”Thisbegsthequestion:Doesthelanguagewespeakshapewhoweare?Asitturnsout,yes.InsocietiessuchastheUnitedStatesorWesternEurope,self-expressionandlanguageprecisionarevalued.Asiancultures,ontheotherhand,preferanindirectformofcommunication.Wordslike“perhaps”and“maybe”areusedmorethan“yes”or“no”.Americanismtakesaninformalapproachtocommunication.Thereforeit’sOKtorefertoastrangerorthebossas“you”.However,theThailanguagehas12formsofthesamepronoun,choosingonedependsonstatus.Inthisway,languagesareessentialinnavigating(導(dǎo)航)anyculture,bethatourownorotherwise.Peoplewhospeakdifferentlanguagesnoticedifferentthings,dependingontheconstructsoftheirmothertongue.Takeanaccident.InEnglish,it’sOKtosay:“Shebroketheglass.”ButinalanguagelikeSpanish,you’dprobablygowith:“Theglassbroke.”Thesameincidentproducestwodifferentresponses.Englishspeakerswillrememberwho’satfault,becausetheirlanguageasksthemto,whileSpanishspeakersaremorelikelytorememberitwasanaccident.Thishasrealconsequences,especiallywhenitcomestocrimeandpunishment.ProfessorJimCumminshaswrittenextensivelyonmothertongues.ForCummins,thestrongerourhomelanguage,theeasieritisforustolearnothers.Ofcourse,researchalsoshowsthatbeingbilingual(會(huì)說(shuō)兩種語(yǔ)言的)givespeoplemanyadvantagesinlife.LinguistJulienLeyrewritesthatlearninganotherlanguagedevelopsourabilityto“understandthementalworldofanotherperson,basedonthelanguagetheyuse,andhowthatworldisdifferentfromourown.”O(jiān)urmothertongueiscentraltohowwethink,whatweknowandwhoweare.Likeus,languagesarelivingthingsthatchangeovertimeandmustbecaredfortosurvive.Bydoingso,weprotectnotjustthelinguisticstructuresorvocabulariesweuse,buttheculture,knowledgeandpowerbehindthem.5．Whydoestheauthormention“Americanism”and“theThailanguage”inParagraph2?A．Totelltheculturaldifferencesbetweenthem.B．Toindicatealanguageisaguidetoaculture.C．TostressAmericanexpressionsareinformal.D．Torevealalanguageisassociatedwithstatus.6．WhatisEnglishspeakers’responsetoanaccident?A．Theywillseekblame. B．Theywillpunishothers.C．Theywillavoidresponsibility. D．Theywilldrawalessonfromit.7．WhatdoesJulienLeyrethinkaboutbilinguals?A．Theyenjoyamorecolorfullife.B．Theycanremainmentallyhealthy.C．Theyfinditeasiertolearnalanguage.D．Theycangaininsightintoothers’minds.8．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Howdolanguagesdiffer?B．Willyourlanguagebeextinct?C．Whydoesourmothertonguematter?D．Shouldwespeakasecondlanguage?【答案】5．B6．A7．D8．C【語(yǔ)篇分析】本文是一篇議論文，探討了語(yǔ)言與文化的關(guān)系。文章通過(guò)引出“Doesthelanguagewespeakshapewhoweare?（我們說(shuō)的語(yǔ)言是否塑造了我們）”這個(gè)問(wèn)題，然后分析原因，最后得出結(jié)論：我們的母語(yǔ)對(duì)我們?nèi)绾嗡伎肌⑽覀冎朗裁匆约拔覀兪钦l(shuí)至關(guān)重要的?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Inthisway,languagesareessentialinnavigating(導(dǎo)航)anyculture,bethatourownorotherwise.(因此，語(yǔ)言在引導(dǎo)任何文化中都是必不可少的，無(wú)論是我們自己的文化還是其他文化。)”可知語(yǔ)言在引導(dǎo)任何文化中都至關(guān)重要，由此可推斷出，作者提到“美國(guó)腔”和“泰語(yǔ)”是用來(lái)說(shuō)明語(yǔ)言是文化的指南。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Englishspeakerswillrememberwho’satfault,becausetheirlanguageasksthemto,whileSpanishspeakersaremorelikelytorememberitwasanaccident.(說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的人會(huì)記得是誰(shuí)錯(cuò)了，因?yàn)樗麄兊恼Z(yǔ)言要求他們這樣做，而說(shuō)西班牙語(yǔ)的人更有可能記得這是一個(gè)意外。)”可知，當(dāng)意外發(fā)生之后，說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的人會(huì)追究責(zé)任。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“LinguistJulienLeyrewritesthatlearninganotherlanguagedevelopsourabilityto“understandthementalworldofanotherperson,basedonthelanguagetheyinhabit,andhowthatworldisdifferentfromourown.(語(yǔ)言學(xué)家朱利安·萊爾(JulienLeyre)寫道，學(xué)習(xí)另一種語(yǔ)言可以發(fā)展我們的能力，“基于他人原始的語(yǔ)言，以及這個(gè)世界與我們自己的世界有何不同，來(lái)理解他們的心理世界?！?”可知，語(yǔ)言學(xué)家JulienLeyre認(rèn)為會(huì)說(shuō)兩種語(yǔ)言的人能夠理解對(duì)方的精神世界。故選D。

【8題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知本文圍繞“Doesthelanguagewespeakshapewhoweare?(我們所說(shuō)的語(yǔ)言決定了我們是誰(shuí)嗎？)”這個(gè)問(wèn)題展開(kāi)，結(jié)合最后一段“Ourmothertongueiscentraltohowwethink,whatweknowandwhoweare.Likeus,languagesarelivingthingsthatchangeovertimeandmustbecaredfortosurvive.Bydoingso,weprotectnotjustthelinguisticstructuresorvocabulariesweuse,buttheculture,knowledgeandpowerbehindthem.(我們的母語(yǔ)對(duì)我們的思維方式、我們知道什么以及我們是誰(shuí)至關(guān)重要。和我們一樣，語(yǔ)言也是生命體，隨著時(shí)間的推移會(huì)發(fā)生變化，必須加以保護(hù)才能生存。通過(guò)這樣做，我們不僅保護(hù)我們使用的語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯，而且保護(hù)它們背后的文化、知識(shí)和權(quán)力。)”點(diǎn)明主題，闡述了母語(yǔ)對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)至關(guān)重要，可知C項(xiàng)“Whydoesourmothertonguematter?(為什么我們的母語(yǔ)很重要？)”符合文章的主旨，適合作為本文的標(biāo)題。故選C。

Ⅰ.七選五Manyofushavepilesupboxesonalbumsofphotosthatwehaven’tpickedupinyears.ThecomingNewYearmarkstheseasonofrenewing—theperfecttimetotakeatripdownmemorytrack.Herearewaystofinallyorganize,useandclearawayyourfamilyphotos.1.Ifyou’reahistoryfan,youcanpiecethephotostogethertoformyourfamilytree.Ifyouknowwherethephotosweretaken,spendarainyafternoongoingoverrelatedinformationatthelocallibrary.Youcanalsohireagenealogist(譜系專家)oruploadphotosonlinetogenealogysitesifyou’rewillingtopayforresearch.Donate.Mostofusfinditdifficulttothrowphotosaway,letalonetheonesthathavebeenpasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.2.Theseinstitutionswelcomedonations,especiallyifyoucanprovidesomebackgroundinformationaboutyourphotos.Recall.Passaroundfamilyphotosandalbumsatyournextfamilygathering.3!Thisisagreatchancetolearnmoreaboutyourfamilyandintroduceyourkidstotheirlaterelativeswhotheyhavenevermet.Digitize.Printedphotosaretypicallystoredinattics,basementsandclosets.4.Justpreservephotosbyscanningthemyourself.Savingphotostothecloudwillgivethemasafehomewherethey’llstaylivelyforever.Delete.Afteryou’vebackedupyourcollectionwithdigitalcopies,youcanfeelbetteraboutthrowingawayprintedphotosthatyoudidn’tdisplayoruse.5.Thismakesiteasiertofindandshareimportantphotosonline.DisplayResearchKeeptheminanaccessibleplaceLightthefireplaceandletthestorytellingbeginIt’salsoimportanttoremoveoutdatedonesregularlyButtherearesomehistoricalsocietiesacceptingthemTherefore,theyareeasilyaffectedbyfires,floodsanddust【答案】1.B2.F3.D4.G5.E【語(yǔ)篇分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講述了如何處理象征家族歷史的照片。【1題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Youcanalsohireagenealogist(譜系專家)oruploadphotosonlinetogenealogysitesifyou’rewillingtopayforresearch.(如果你愿意花錢做研究，你也可以雇一個(gè)系譜學(xué)家或者在網(wǎng)上上傳照片到系譜網(wǎng)站)”中的research可知，本段主要提出的方法是作研究。B項(xiàng)“做研究”符合題意，適合作小標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Donate.Mostofusfinditdifficulttothrowphotosaway,letalonetheonesthathavebeenpasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.(捐贈(zèng)。我們大多數(shù)人都覺(jué)得很難把照片扔掉，更不用說(shuō)那些代代相傳的照片了)”以及后文“Theseinstitutionswelcomedonations,especiallyifyoucanprovidesomebackgroundinformationaboutyourphotos.(這些機(jī)構(gòu)歡迎捐款，特別是如果你能提供一些關(guān)于你的照片的背景信息)”可知，劃線處肯定是提到了一些可捐贈(zèng)照片的機(jī)構(gòu)。F項(xiàng)“但是有一些歷史學(xué)會(huì)接受他們。”符合題意。前后敘述一致，邏輯合理。故選F項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Recall.Passaroundfamilyphotosandalbumsatyournextfamilygathering.(回憶。在下一次家庭聚會(huì)上分發(fā)家庭照片和相冊(cè))”可知，本段主要討論和家人一起回憶，分享這些照片。D項(xiàng)“點(diǎn)燃壁爐，讓故事開(kāi)始”就是和家人分享照片時(shí)的場(chǎng)景。前后敘述一致，邏輯合理。故選D項(xiàng)。【4題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Digitize.Printedphotosaretypicallystoredinattics,basementsandclosets.(數(shù)字化。打印出來(lái)的照片通常存放在閣樓、地下室和壁櫥里)”可知，本段提出的建議是將這些照片數(shù)字化，而一般打印出來(lái)的一般放在閣樓等地方。G項(xiàng)“因此，他們很容易受到火災(zāi)、洪水和灰塵的影響”則是對(duì)打印出來(lái)的照片的問(wèn)題，即容易毀壞，才會(huì)建議將照片數(shù)字化。G項(xiàng)承接上文，符合題意。故選G項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Delete.Afteryou’vebackedupyourcollectionwithdigitalcopies,youcanfeelbetteraboutthrowingawayprintedphotosthatyoudidn’tdisplayoruse.(刪除。在你用數(shù)字拷貝備份了你的收藏之后，你可以對(duì)扔掉那些你沒(méi)有展示或使用過(guò)的印刷照片感覺(jué)更好)”可知，本段建議刪減照片。E項(xiàng)“定期清除過(guò)期的也很重要?！敝械膔emove與delete敘述一致，邏輯合理。故選E項(xiàng)。Ⅱ.完型挺空InAmericanculture,Iamnoticingalackofrespect,especiallyamongchildren.Thisshouldbetreated1sincedisrespectfulchildrenwillbecomedisrespectfulteenagers,andthenfurtherdisrespectfuladults.Americancultureis2thewaysofteachingrespect,whileothercultureshavemethodsthatAmericanscouldlearnfrom.In1995,IspentacoupleofmonthsinKenyawhereIlivedwithapastor’sfamily.ThispastorwasapartoftheMaasaitribesthathavesomeuniquecustoms.Oneofthemisthe3thatthechildrengivetheadults.WhenanadultapproachesaMaasaichild,thechildwill4andtilttheirheadslightlysaying“Suppa”.Theadultresponsesbysaying“Ippa”touchingthetopoftheirheads.Thissimpleactshowsrespectfortheadult.Thechildren5thattheyaretheirelderandthattheadultdeservesrespect.Inmyearly20’s,Iworkedatachildren’shomeinSouthCarolinawherethechildrenfrom4to19yearsoldweretaughttorespecttheirelders.They6meas“Mr.Vince”andeveryadultworkertherewitha“Mr,Mrs,orMs.”.However,asIcounselandtalktoteachersandotherprofessionalswhoworkwithchildrennow,thereseemstobea7insuchasfriendlybehaviorthatchildrengiveadults.Fewerstudentstreatteacherswithrespect:Childrenfrequentlytalkbacktotheirteachers,parentsorseniors,interruptconversations,anddisregardtheir8.Childrencasuallyspeakwithotheradultslikewaiters,storeclerks,postmen,cashiers,etc.inthewayasiftheyarechildren’s9.ImmanuelKantexpressedtwo10attitudesinEuropethatarestilldominanttoday.Oneisthatonlyhumansarepersonsbecausetheyhaveautonomy—theyfreelychoosetoactonprinciplesby11lawsonthemselves,andnotondesires.Itisthismindbasedon12thatgiveshumansspecialstatus.Second,tolearntofollowprinciplesinsteadofdesires,ahumanchildneedstolearn13tothelawsofadults.Theymustpractice14regulationbeforetheyareabletopracticeautonomy.Kantsaidthat“actinthewayyouwantotherstoactinthesituation,takingotherpeopleaspersons,not15youuseforyourowngoals”.Onlyinthiswaycanyoubecomearealpersonwithintrinsicvalues.1．A．passionately B．steadily C．publicly D．a(chǎn)larmingly2．A．challenging B．faking C．piloting D．a(chǎn)bandoning3．A．a(chǎn)ssistance B．greeting C．blessing D．guarantee4．A．comeforward B．dropby C．showoff D．falldown5．A．pretend B．suspect C．determine D．a(chǎn)cknowledge6．A．located B．ranked C．a(chǎn)ddressed D．defied7．A．delight B．delay C．decline D．distress8．A．gesture B．secret C．behavior D．a(chǎn)uthority9．A．peers B．enemies C．guards D．owners10．A．controversial B．a(chǎn)ccepted C．foreign D．equivalent11．A．twisting B．imposing C．banning D．sparing12．A．reason B．solution C．harmony D．consciousness13．A．similarity B．response C．obedience D．a(chǎn)pproach14．A．environmental B．external C．voluntary D．flexible15．A．luxuries B．glories C．instruments D．models【答案】1．D2．D3．B4．A5．D6．C7．C8．D9．A10．B11．B12．A13．C14．B15．C【語(yǔ)篇分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章中，作者以自己的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷闡述了，在美國(guó)文化中兒童越來(lái)越不尊重成年人這一現(xiàn)象，而其他文化中“兒童尊重成年人”是美國(guó)人可以學(xué)習(xí)的方式。【1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這應(yīng)該引起警惕，因?yàn)椴蛔鹬氐暮⒆訒?huì)變成不尊重的青少年，然后變成不尊重的成年人。A.passionately熱情地；B.steadily穩(wěn)定地；C.publicly公開(kāi)地；D.alarmingly讓人擔(dān)憂地、警惕地。由上文的“InAmericanculture,Iamnoticingalackofrespect,especiallyamongchildren.”和下文的“disrespectfulchildrenwillbecomedisrespectfulteenagers,andthendisrespectfuladults”可知，在美國(guó)文化中，兒童尤其缺乏尊重成年人的意識(shí)，這些不尊重人的兒童長(zhǎng)大會(huì)成為不尊重人的成年人，這一現(xiàn)象應(yīng)該引起警惕。故選D項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：美國(guó)文化正在放棄傳授尊重的方式，而其他文化也有美國(guó)人可以學(xué)習(xí)的方式。A.challenging挑戰(zhàn)；B.faking偽造；C.piloting駕駛；D.abandoning放棄。由上文的“InAmericanculture,Iamnoticingalackofrespect,especiallyamongchildren.”和下文的“Fewerstudentstreatteacherswithrespect:Childrenfrequentlytalkbacktotheirteachers,parentsorseniors,interruptconversations”可知，在美國(guó)文化中，兒童尤其缺乏尊重成年人的意識(shí)，說(shuō)明美國(guó)文化正在放棄傳授尊重的方式。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：其中之一是孩子們對(duì)成年人的問(wèn)候。A.assistance幫助；B.greeting問(wèn)候；C.blessing祝福；D.guarantee保證。由下文的“WhenanadultapproachesaMaasaichild,thechildwill4andtilttheirheadslightlysaying“Suppa”.”可知，在馬賽族文化中，當(dāng)一個(gè)成年人走近馬賽族的孩子時(shí)，孩子走上前會(huì)說(shuō)“Suppa”，這是孩子們問(wèn)候成年人的方式。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：當(dāng)一個(gè)成年人走近馬賽族的孩子時(shí)，孩子會(huì)走上前，輕輕地歪著頭說(shuō)“Suppa”。A.comeforward自告奮勇、走上前；B.dropby順便拜訪；C.showoff炫耀；D.falldown跌倒。由下文的“Theadultresponsesbysaying“Ippa”touchingthetopoftheirheads.”可知，成年人觸摸到孩子的頭頂，說(shuō)明孩子走到了成年人的面前。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：孩子們承認(rèn)成年人是他們的長(zhǎng)輩，成年人值得尊重。A.pretend假裝；B.suspect懷疑；C.determine決定；D.acknowledge承認(rèn)。由上文的“Thissimpleactshowsrespectfortheadult.”可知，當(dāng)一個(gè)成年人走近馬賽族的孩子時(shí)，孩子走上前說(shuō)“Suppa”的行為表明了孩子對(duì)成年人表示尊敬，承認(rèn)成年人是他們的長(zhǎng)輩。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們稱呼我為“文斯先生”，那里的每個(gè)成年工人都有一個(gè)“先生、太太或女士”。A.located坐落于；B.ranked排列；C.addressed稱呼；D.defied否認(rèn)。由文的“”可知，由上文的“SouthCarolinawherethechildrenfrom4to19yearsoldweretaughttorespecttheirelders”和本句“They6meas“Mr.Vince”andeveryadultworkertherewitha“Mr,Mrs,orMs.”.”可知，Mr,Mrs,orMs.是敬稱，南卡羅來(lái)納州的從4歲到19歲的孩子都被教導(dǎo)要尊重長(zhǎng)輩，所以稱呼作者“文斯先生”，稱呼其他成年人“（某某）先生、太太或女士”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，正如我對(duì)教師和其他從事兒童工作的專業(yè)人士所建議和交談的那樣，兒童給予成年人的友好行為似乎有所減少。A.delight高興；B.delay延誤；C.decline減少；D.distress憂慮。由上文的“InAmericanculture,Iamnoticingalackofrespect,especiallyamongchildren.”和下文的“Fewerstudentstreatteacherswithrespect:Childrenfrequentlytalkbacktotheirteachers,parentsorseniors,interruptconversations”可知，在美國(guó)文化中，兒童尤其缺乏尊重成年人的意識(shí)，不尊重老師，經(jīng)常與老師、父母或長(zhǎng)輩頂嘴，打斷談話，以前尊重成年人的友好行為在減少。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：尊重老師的學(xué)生越來(lái)越少：孩子們經(jīng)常與老師、父母或長(zhǎng)輩頂嘴，打斷談話，無(wú)視他們的權(quán)威。A.gesture手勢(shì)；B.secret秘密；C.behavior行為；D.authority權(quán)威。由上文的“InAmericanculture,Iamnoticingalackofrespect,especiallyamongchildren.”和下文的“Fewerstudentstreatteacherswithrespect:Childrenfrequentlytalkbacktotheirteachers,parentsorseniors,interruptconversations”可知，在美國(guó)文化中，兒童尤其缺乏尊重成年人的意識(shí)，不尊重老師，經(jīng)常與老師、父母或長(zhǎng)輩頂嘴，打斷談話，無(wú)視成年人的權(quán)威。故選D項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：孩子們隨意地與其他成年人交談，如侍者、店員、郵遞員、收銀員等，就好像他們是孩子的同齡人一樣。A.peers同輩；B.enemies敵人；C.guards守衛(wèi)；D.owners主人。由上文的“Childrencasuallyspeakwithotheradultslikewaiters,storeclerks,postmen,cashiers”可知，兒童隨意地與其他成年人交談，說(shuō)明他們不尊重成年人，無(wú)視成年人的權(quán)威，把成年人當(dāng)成不需要尊重的同輩人了。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：伊曼紐爾·康德表達(dá)了兩種在歐洲仍占主導(dǎo)地位的公認(rèn)態(tài)度。A.controversial引起爭(zhēng)論的；B.accepted公認(rèn)的；C.foreign外國(guó)的；D.equivalent相等的。由本句中“two10attitudesinEuropethatarestilldominanttoday”可知，兩種在歐洲仍占主導(dǎo)地位的態(tài)度，說(shuō)明這種態(tài)度是歐洲人公認(rèn)的態(tài)度。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一是只有人類才是人，因?yàn)樗麄儞碛凶灾鳈?quán)，通過(guò)將法律強(qiáng)加給自己，而不是欲望，他們自由選擇按照原則行事。A.twisting扭曲；B.imposing強(qiáng)加；C.banning禁止；D.sparing騰出。由下文的“l(fā)awsonthemselves,andnotondesires”可知，法律是外部世界強(qiáng)加給人的，而不是人原本就擁有的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：正是這種基于理性的思維賦予了人類特殊的地位。A.reason理性；B.solution解決方法；C.harmony和諧；D.consciousness意識(shí)。由上文的“theyhaveautonomy—theyfreelychoosetoactonprinciplesby11lawsonthemselves,andnotondesire”可知，人們擁有自主權(quán)，通過(guò)將法律強(qiáng)加給自己，而不是通過(guò)欲望，人們自由選擇按照原則行事，這是理性的邏輯思維。故選A項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：第二，要學(xué)會(huì)遵循原則而不是欲望，人類兒童需要學(xué)會(huì)服從成人的法律。A.similarity相似；B.response反映；C.obedience服從；D.approach方法。由上文的“tolearntofollowprinciplesinsteadofdesires”可知，follow(遵循)，此處指人類兒童需要要學(xué)會(huì)obedienceto(遵循、服從)原則，即服從成人的法律。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們必須實(shí)行外部監(jiān)管，才能實(shí)行自治。A.environmental環(huán)境的；B.external外部的；C.voluntary自愿的；D.flexible靈活的。由上文的“ahumanchildneedstolearn13tothelawsofadults”和下文的“regulationbeforetheyareabletopracticeautonomy”可知，在人類兒童實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)體自治前，需要學(xué)會(huì)服從成人的法律，由成年人對(duì)其實(shí)施外部監(jiān)管。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：康德說(shuō)：“在這種情況下，按照你希望別人做事的方式行事，把別人當(dāng)作人，而不是把別人當(dāng)作你為自己的目標(biāo)使用的工具?！盇.luxuries奢侈品；B.glories榮耀；C.instruments工具；D.models模型。由本處的“takingotherpeopleaspersons,not15youuseforyourowngoals”可知，康德說(shuō)，要把別人當(dāng)作人，而不是把別人當(dāng)作自己實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的工具。故選C項(xiàng)。Ⅲ.閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chinaiswidelyknownforitsancientcivilisationwhichhascontinuedallthewaythroughintomoderntimes.Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible,butoneoftheMain1．(factor)hasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.Thehistoryof2．(write)Chineseasapicture-basedlanguage3．(date)backseveralthousandyearstotheuseoflonggu-animalbonesandshells4．whichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.BytheShangDynasty(around1600-1046BCE),thesesymbols5．(become)awell-developedwritingsystem.Overtheyears,thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms,asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically,6．(lead)tovarietiesofdialectsandcharacters.This,however,changedunderEmperorQinshihuangoftheQinDynasty(221-207BCE).EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountry7．theChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.ThatwritingsystemwasofgreatimportanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.Eventoday,nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak,theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting.TheChinesewritingsystemhasalsobecome8．importantmeansbywhichChina’spresentisconnectedwithitspast.PeopleinmoderntimescanreadtheclassicworksbyancientChinese.AndasChinaplaysa9．(great)roleinglobalaffairsthanbefore,Chinesecultureisbecoming10．(increase)popularwithinternationalstudents,whobegintoexploreChinesecivilizationthroughthisamazinglanguage.【答案】1．factors2．written3．dates4．on5．hadbecome6．leading7．where/and8．a(chǎn)n9．greater10．increasingly【語(yǔ)篇分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述中國(guó)以其古老的文明而聞名，而漢字書寫體系是使這些文明一直延續(xù)至今的一個(gè)重要因素。文章介紹了漢字書寫體系的開(kāi)始，發(fā)展以及漢字中文書寫系統(tǒng)也成為中國(guó)現(xiàn)在與過(guò)去聯(lián)系的重要手段。【1題詳解】考查可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：有很多原因可以解釋這一點(diǎn)，但其中一個(gè)主要因素是中國(guó)的漢字體系。factor“因素”，可數(shù)名詞oneof+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，意為“……之一”。故填factors?！?題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：作為一種以圖畫為基礎(chǔ)的語(yǔ)言，書面漢語(yǔ)的歷史可以追溯到幾千年前，當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)古代人使用龍鼓獸骨和獸殼雕刻符號(hào)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需要形容詞詞做定語(yǔ)，表達(dá)“書面的”應(yīng)用written。故填written?！?題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：作為一種以圖畫為基礎(chǔ)的語(yǔ)言，書面漢語(yǔ)的歷史可以追溯到幾千年前，當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)古代人使用龍鼓獸骨和獸殼雕刻符號(hào)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，句子為描述一般事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)為Thehistory，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。故填dates?！?題詳解】考查介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。句意：作為一種以圖畫為基礎(chǔ)的語(yǔ)言，書面漢語(yǔ)的歷史可以追溯到幾千年前，當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)古代人使用龍鼓獸骨和獸殼雕刻符號(hào)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知“_________whichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople”為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞“l(fā)onggu-animalbonesandshells”，根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的意思可知，符號(hào)是刻在獸骨和獸殼上的，becarvedon“被刻在……上”，此處將定語(yǔ)從句中的介詞on提到關(guān)系代詞which的前面。故填on?！?題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：到商代（約公元前1600-1046年），這些符號(hào)已經(jīng)成為一種發(fā)展良好的書寫系統(tǒng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“BytheShangDynasty(around1600-1046BCE)”可知，要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。故填hadbecome?！?題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：多年來(lái)，該系統(tǒng)發(fā)展成不同的形式，因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)人們?cè)诘乩砩蟿澐謪^(qū)域的時(shí)代，這導(dǎo)致了方言和文字的多樣性。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，空處需要非謂語(yǔ)做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在分詞做結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示意料之中的結(jié)果。故填leading?！?題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句或并列連詞。句意：秦始皇將七個(gè)主要州統(tǒng)一為一個(gè)國(guó)家，漢語(yǔ)書寫系統(tǒng)開(kāi)始朝著一個(gè)方向發(fā)展。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“______theChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection”為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞country，在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，所以用where來(lái)引導(dǎo)；分析句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，上下文兩個(gè)句子為順承關(guān)系，可以用and連接。故填where/and?！?題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：中文書寫系統(tǒng)也成為中國(guó)聯(lián)系過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的重要手段。根據(jù)空后的importantmeans“重要方式”可知，中文書寫系統(tǒng)也成為一種重要的手段，需要用不定冠詞表示泛指，important讀音為元音音素開(kāi)始的單詞。故填an?！?題詳解】考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：隨著中國(guó)在全球事務(wù)中發(fā)揮的作用越來(lái)越大，中國(guó)文化越來(lái)越受到國(guó)際學(xué)生的歡迎，他們開(kāi)始通過(guò)這門神奇的語(yǔ)言探索中國(guó)文明。根據(jù)句意可知，中國(guó)在全球事務(wù)中發(fā)揮的作用越來(lái)越大，所以需要形容詞的比較級(jí)。故填greater?！?0題詳解】考查副詞。句意：隨著中國(guó)在全球事務(wù)中發(fā)揮的作用越來(lái)越大，中國(guó)文化越來(lái)越受到國(guó)際學(xué)生的歡迎，他們開(kāi)始通過(guò)這門神奇的語(yǔ)言探索中國(guó)文明。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處需要修飾動(dòng)詞，所以要用副詞。increase為動(dòng)詞“增長(zhǎng)”，其副詞形式為increasingly“不斷增加地”。故填increasingly。Ⅳ.閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。LongagotherelivedanexplorernamedNicholas.Hetraveledaroundtheworldinsearchofnewlands,newanimals,andnewrelicstodiscover.Andineveryplacehevisited,NicholasfoundaspecialgifttobringbacktohissonChristian.Inhismostadventurousjourney,NicholastraveledtotheArctictofindtheNorthPole.Afterweeksoftirelessdogsledtrekking,NicholasreachedthenorthernArcticCirclewhereverylittlelifecouldsurvive.Astheweeksturnedtomonths,NicholascouldstillnotfindtheNorthPoleandhisfoodsupplywasgettinglow.Bythistime,Nicholassawsmallfootprintsinthesnow.Hungryandfreezing,Nicholasfollowedthefootprintstoasmallvillage.Hecouldnotbelievethatanyonecouldliveinsuchafreezingplace,butthereweredozensofsmallhuts（木屋）aroundhim.Nicholasunleashed（解開(kāi)）hisdogsandwentexploring.Inthecenterofthevillagetheresatasmalltree.WhatcaughtNicholas’eyeswasahatsittingatopthetree.Nicholasfoughttoreachthesmalltreeandgrabbedthehat.Notonlydiditlookwarm,butalsohethoughtthatitwouldalsomakeaperfectgiftforChristian-ifheevermadeitoutoftheArcticandbackhome.ThemomentNicholasplacedthehatonhishead,everythingchanged.Thevillagerslefttheirhutsandcameouttosurroundhim.Thedogsbecamefrightenedandranawayatthesightofthecrowd.Atthatmoment,awomancalledMichaelsteppedforwardandspoke.“Thehatyouarewearingwasremovedfromthetopofourtree.ThattreeistheNorthPole,wherethereisnodayandnonight.Aslongasthehatstayshere,weareunaffectedbytime.Nowthatyouwearthehattoo,youwillnotage.Butthehatcannotberemoved.Ifyoudosoorleavewiththehat,wewouldnotbeabletosurvive.”Nicholaswasastonished.Hesatdownonhissledandcried.Heneededtogetbacktohisson.“Youmayleaveforonedayayear.Suchashorttimeawaywouldnotharmus.”Michaelsaid.“Icannotgoanywhereinoneday’stime”,Nicholassaid.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Para.1“Youmayuseourcaribous（馴鹿）andyouwillfindthetripmuchshorterwhileyouwearthehat”,saidMichael._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________