Green Chemistry-四川大學(xué)中國(guó)大學(xué)mooc課后章節(jié)答案期末考試題庫(kù)2023年

GreenChemistry_四川大學(xué)中國(guó)大學(xué)mooc課后章節(jié)答案期末考試題庫(kù)2023年Oneoftheobviouseffectofcatalysistofacilitatethereactionistominimizetheactivationenergy(energycosts),andthusreducethereactiontemperature.

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正確

Principlesfordesigningsaferdyechemicalstoaquaticspeciesinclude:

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Sulfonicgroup(磺酸基)isbetterthancarboxylicgroup(羧酸基)_Molecularweightshouldbelargerthan1000Daltons

IfwecomparethemoleculeA(【圖片】)withanothermoleculeB(【圖片】),themoleculeAshowshighertoxicitythanthemoleculeB.

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錯(cuò)誤

Insomecases,theapplicationofatomiceconomicalreactioninchemicalsynthesisisnotenoughforeliminatingtheformationofwastes.Thesecasesinclude:

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Lowproductstereoselectivity_Thepresenceofparallelreaction_Lowequilibriumconversion

Muscarinicantagonistis(蠅覃堿拮抗劑)【圖片】isasilaneanalogofneopentylcarbamate(新戊基氨基甲酸酯)【圖片】,theformerismorebiodegradablethanthelatter.

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正確

Theuseofcatalystsispreferredingreenchemistrybecauseofthefollowingreasons:

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Reduceenvironmentalpollutions_Activatenewstartingmaterials_Increasetheselectivityofaspecialproduct_Promotethechemicalprocesses

FordelocalizedcationicdyescontainingN,thetoxicitycomparisonshouldbe:

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ThemoresubstituentsonNatomthereare,themoreacutethetoxicityis_PrimaryN<SecondaryN<TertiaryN

Biodegradabilityofchemicalsisusuallyenhancedbythefollowingmolecularfeatures:

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Oxygenintheformofhydroxylorcarboxylicgroups_Un-substitutedlinearalkylandphenylrings

Theeventualmineralizationoforganiccompoundscanbeattributedpredominantlytothebiodegradationbyhigherorganisms.

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錯(cuò)誤

Consideringthefoodrequirement,thefollowingbiomassresourcescouldbeusedasthechemicalfeedstocksforproducingfinechemicalsandliquidfuels:

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Microalgae_Woodywastes

Theserenewablefeed-stocksaremostoftenassociatedwithbiologicalandplantbasedstartingmaterials,including:

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Sawdust_Agriculturalwastes

Catalyticdistillationisakindoftechniqueofprocessintensification,whichcombinesthecatalyticreactionandproductseparationinasingledistillationcolumn.Whichequipmentortechniquesinthefollowingareincludedinprocessintensification?

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Microreactors_StaticMixers_Membranereactor

Oxidationreactionsarefrequentlyusedinpetrol-refinery(石油煉制).Tominimizethepollutionsinducedbyinorganicoxidants,somegreenoxidantscouldbeusedinchemicalsynthesis.Thesegreenoxidantsinclude:

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O3_latticeoxygen_N2O

Whichtypicalenvironmentalproblemsinthefollowingarerelatedtochemicalindustry?

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Globalwarming_Acidrain_Depletionofozonelayer_Photochemicalsmogandhaze

Chemicalreactionwith100%atomutilizationhastwocharacteristics.Thereactantscouldbefullyutilized,andtheresourcecouldbemostpossiblyusedeconomically.Thewastecouldbeminimized.

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正確

WecanusethefollowingsubstancestoreplacethetraditionalinorganicoxidantssuchasCrO3,KMnO4,andHNO3incleaneroxidationreactions:

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H2O2_O2_N2O_Latticeoxygen

Wecancontrolthereactionprocessevenwecannotmeasuretheparametersofchemicalreaction.

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錯(cuò)誤

Theatomiceconomicalreactionisnotarequisitecondition(必要條件)foreliminatingtheformationofwastesbecausethelowequilibriumconversionandlowproductselectivityinachemicalreactionwillalsobringaboutpollutions.

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錯(cuò)誤

Thegoalofgreenchemistryistotreattheenvironmentalpollutionsalreadygeneratedinchemicalreactions.

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錯(cuò)誤

Renewablefeedstocksarethesubstancesthatareeasilyregeneratedwithintimeframesthatareaccessibletothehumanlifetime,includingcarbondioxideandmethane.

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正確

Thegoalofgreenchemistryistoeliminatethepotentialofpollutionbeforeitoccurs.

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正確

Volatileorganiccompounds(VOCs)arefrequentlyusedassolventsinchemicalreactions,whichwillleadtopotentialharmfulnesstohandlersandenvironments.Fromtheviewpointsofgreenchemistry,whichinthefollowingcouldbeusedasnewsolventsinsteadofVOCsforchemicalsynthesis?

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SupercriticalCO2_Deepeutectics(低共熔溶劑)_Water

Thefollowingmolecularfeaturesofchemicalsgenerallydoincreasetheresistancetoaerobic(需氧)biodegradation,except:

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Potentialsitesofenzymatichydrolysis_Un-substitutedlinearalkylchains

Thepossibleeffectsofthesolubilityofchemicalsonbiodegradabilityareasfollows:

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Microbialbioavailability_Rateofsolubilization

Whichgroupofmetalsinthefollowingshouldweavoidusingwhenwearedesigningmetalizedaciddyes(金屬化酸性染料).

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Al,Cr,orZn_Al,Cr,orCo_Cr,Co,orZn

IfOhasbeeninsertedintothestructureduringmoleculardesign,thebiodegradabilityofachemicalwillbeenhanced.

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正確

DDD【圖片】isasilaneanalogofDDT【圖片】(organochlorinepesticide有機(jī)氯殺蟲劑),theformerismorebiodegradablethanthelatter.

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正確

Thereactiontypesinvolvedinbiomassconversiontofinechemicalsandliquidfuelsinclude:

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Hydrolysis_Deoxygenation_Hydrogenation

OneoftheresearchareainGreenChemistryistouserenewablefeedstocksforchemicalproduction.Whichcouldbeusedasfeedstocksforchemicalproductioninthefollowingresources?

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Microalgae_Agriculturalwastes_Kitchengarbage_Wastecookingoil

Traditionalpollutiontreatmentcanprovideapermanentcure.

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錯(cuò)誤

Classificationofsurfactantsincludes:

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Anionicsurfactants_Cationicsurfactants_Amphotericsurfactants_Neutralsurfactants

Themajorityofchemicalsthataretoxictoaquaticspeciesaretoxicbyspecifictoxicity.

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錯(cuò)誤

Forveryinsolublechemicals,thereplacementofagivenfunctionalgroupthatincreasessolubilitymayreducethebiodegradability.

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錯(cuò)誤

TheintroductionofOisparticularlyimportantfor