教程習題答案-大數(shù)據(jù)專業(yè)英語教程-張強華-清華大學出版社

《大數(shù)據(jù)英語教程》習題答案Unit1參考答案〖Ex.1〗根據(jù)課文內容回答問題1.Insightsfrombigdatacanenableallemployeestomakebetterdecisions—deepeningcustomerengagement,optimizingoperations,preventingthreatsandfraud,andcapitalizingonnewsourcesofrevenue.2.Velocityreferstothespeedatwhichthedataisgenerated.SomeofthefactorsthatexacerbatethistrendaretheproliferationofsocialmediaandtheexplosionofIoT.3.Becausewearelivinginanincreasinglydigitalworldwheretechnologyhasinvadedintoourglassesandwatches,thevarietyofdatathatisgeneratedismind-boggling.4.Veracityimpliesthatthedataisverifiableandtruthful.5.Informationsiloshavealwaysexistedwithinenterprisesandhavebeenoneofthemajorroadblocksintheattempttoextractvaluefromdata.6.Relevantinformationshouldnotonlybeinexistence,butalsobevisibletotherightpersonattherighttime.7.Accordingtoofficialstatistics,300hoursofvideoareuploadedeveryminuteonYouTube.8.Oneofthecornerstonesoftraditionalstatisticsisstandarddeviationandvariability.9.Informationthatismoremeaningfulorcriticaltotheunderlyingbusinessobjectiveneedstobeprioritized.10.ItisderivedfromLatin,itimpliesconnectivityorlinkage.〖Ex.2〗把下列句子翻譯為中文1.希望這次談話能使你對我們正在開展的工作有一些較深入的了解2.已經(jīng)對這些3.這些4.我們必須明白：一張條形圖不是數(shù)據(jù)分析。。新系統(tǒng)進行了優(yōu)化設置，以便運行微軟視窗。設計體現(xiàn)了她對顏色和細節(jié)的精準眼光。5.一本好字典不僅要告訴我們一個字的字面意義，同時還要告訴我們該字的言外之意。6.最新的生活方式趨于放慢奏。7.一個時代的結束意味著另一個時代的開始。8.在同一函數(shù)內，不能混用結構化和非結構化異常處理。9.最后通過實例證明了該方法的可行性和準確性。10.多層交換機的生命力依賴于所支持的協(xié)議?！糆x.3〗短文翻譯

云計算是對通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)提供托管服務的總稱。這些服務大致分為三類：基礎設施即服務（IaaS）、平臺即服務（PaaS）和軟件即服務（SaaS）。云計算名稱的靈感來自于云的符號，在流程圖和圖表中該符號通常用來代表互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。與傳統(tǒng)托管不同，云服務有三個明顯特點。云計算是按需（通常按分鐘或小時）銷售的；有一定的彈性——用戶可以在給定的供者來管大創(chuàng)新以及高速互聯(lián)網(wǎng)任何時間內得到他們所需要的服務；這些服務完全由提理（客戶只需一臺個人電腦并將其接入因特網(wǎng)）。由于虛擬化和分布式計算中的重和疲軟的經(jīng)因濟素，人們對云計算的興趣越來越濃?！糆x.4〗將下列詞填入適當?shù)奈恢茫吭~只用一次）1.media2.data3.explosion8.multiple4.recent5.update6.messages7.reduced9.meaningful10.challenge〖Ex.5〗根據(jù)課文內容回答問題1.Bigdataanalyticsistheprocessofcollecting,organizingandanalyzinglargesetsofdata(calledbigdata)todiscoverpatternsandotherusefulinformation.2.Bigdataanalyticscanhelporganizationstobetterunderstandtheinformationcontainedwithinthedataandwillalsohelpidentifythedatathatismostimportanttothebusinessandfuturebusinessdecisions.3.Toanalyzesuchalargevolumeofdata,bigdataanalyticsistypicallyperformedusingspecializedsoftwaretoolsandapplicationsforpredictiveanalytics,datamining,textmining,forecastinganddataoptimization.4.Thefirstchallengeofbigdataanalyticsisinbreakingdowndatasilostoaccessalldataanorganizationstoresindifferentplacesandoftenindifferentsystems.5.Asecondbigdatachallengeisincreatingplatformsthatcanpullinunstructureddataaseasilyasstructureddata.6.AccordingtoDatamation,today'sadvancesinanalyzingbigdataallowresearcherstodecodehumanDNAinminutes,predictwhereterroristsplantoattack,determinewhichgeneismostlylikelytoberesponsibleforcertaindiseasesand,ofcourse,whichadsyouaremostlikelytorespondtoonFacebook.7.Manybigdataprojectsoriginatefromtheneedtoanswerspecificbusinessquestions.8.Withtherightbigdataanalyticsplatformsinplace,anenterprisecanboostsales,increaseefficiency,andimproveoperations,customerserviceandriskmanagement.9.Thebusinessareagettingthemostattentionrelatestoincreasingefficiencyandoptimizingoperations.10.Itmainlytalksaboutthe10hottestbigdatatechnologiesbasedonForrester’sanalysis.

Unit2〖Ex.1〗根據(jù)課文內容，回答以下問題。1)Computersoftwareconsistsofprograms.Itenablesacomputertoperformspecifictasks.2)Thetermincludesapplicationsoftware,systemsoftwareandmiddleware.3)Amachinelanguageconsistsofgroupsofbinaryvaluessignifyingprocessorinstructions(objectcodes),whichchangethestateofthecomputerfromitsprecedingstate.4)Thethreemajorclassespracticalcomputersystemsdividesoftwaresystemsintoaresystemsoftware,programmingsoftwareandapplicationsoftware5)Systemsoftwarehelpsrunthecomputerhardwareandcomputersystem.Itincludesoperatingsystems,devicedrivers,diagnostictools,servers,windowingsystems,utilitiesandmore.6)Programmingsoftwareusuallyprovidestoolstoassistaprogrammerinwritingcomputerprogramsandsoftwareusingdifferentprogramminglanguagesinamoreconvenientway.7)Applicationsoftwareallowsenduserstoaccomplishoneormorespecific(non-computerrelated)tasks.Typicalapplicationsincludeindustrialautomation,businesssoftware,educationalsoftware,medicalsoftware,databases,andcomputergames.8)Thethreelayersofsoftwareareplatformsoftware,applicationsoftwareandusersoftware.9)Sequentialinstructionsarethoseoperationsthatareperformedoneafteranother.Conditionalinstructionsareperformedsuchthatdifferentsetsofinstructionsexecutedependingonthevalue(s)ofsomedata.Iterativeinstructionsareperformedrepetitivelyandmaydependonsomedatavalue.10)Ifsoftwareisfaulty(buggy),itcandeleteaperson'swork,crashthecomputeranddootherunexpectedthings.〖Ex.2〗英漢互譯..9.devicedrivermiddleware1.2.3.設備驅動程序n.中間設備，中間件診斷工具diagnostictoolIntegrateddevelopmentenvironment4.集成開發(fā)環(huán)境n.指針pointer.9.vi.配置，設定嵌入式系統(tǒng)n.模塊configureembeddedsystemmodulen.匯編程序assembler10.n.編譯器10.compiler〖Ex.3〗用下面方框中的詞填空。1.cessing8.transferring〖Ex.4〗把下列短文翻譯成中文。計算機程序（也叫做計算機軟件，有時也就叫做程序）是計算機指令。計算機需要運行程序，典型地是在中央處理器中執(zhí)行程序指令。該程序有一個計算機可以直接用來執(zhí)行這些指令的格式。計算機源程序通常由專業(yè)的計算機程序員編寫。源程序可以用編譯器轉換為可執(zhí)行文件（有時也叫做可執(zhí)行程序或二進制文件）。另外，計算機程序也可以借助于解釋程序由中央處理器執(zhí)行，或者直接嵌入到硬件中?！糆x.5〗根據(jù)文章所提供的信息填空。1.thedevelopmentofasoftwareproduct2.SoftwareProcessImprovementCapabilityDetermination(SPICE),settingoutaclearmodelforprocesscomparison.3.tomanageprocessvariations,tomeasureandimproveacompany’soperationalperformance.4.whatisgenerallyreferredtoas“DomainAnalysis”5.extractingtherequirements6.preciselydescribingthesoftwaretobewritten,possiblyinarigorousway.7.makingsurethesoftwaresystemwillmeettherequirementsoftheproduct,ensuringthatfuturerequirementscanbeaddressed.8.thesoftwareengineer.9.thatitdoesn’tmatterhowmuchtimeandplanningadevelopmentteamputsintocreatingsoftwareifnobodyinanorganizationendsupusingit.newwork

Unit3〖Ex.1〗根據(jù)課文內容回答問題(1)Anoperatingsystemisthecoresoftwarecomponentofyourcomputer.Itperformsmanyfunctionsandis,inverybasicterms,aninterfacebetweenyourcomputerandtheoutsideworld.(2)Ittranslatescommandsfromtheoperatingsystemoruserintocommandsunderstoodbythecomponentpartitinterfaceswith.Italsotranslatesresponsesfromthecomponentpartbacktoresponsesthatcanbeunderstoodbytheoperatingsystem,applicationprogram,oruser.(3)Systemtools(programs)areusedtomonitorcomputerperformance,debugproblems,ormaintainpartsofthesystem.(4)Becauseoperatingsystemsarewrittenbyhumanprogrammerswhocanmakemistakes.(5)Errorsinoperatingsystemscausethreemaintypesofproblemsaresystemcrashesandinstabilities,securityflawsandmalfunctions.(6)Asystemcrashistheactofasystemfreezingandbecomingunresponsivewhichwouldcausetheusertoneedtoreboot.(7)Unauthorizedintrudersmaytrytousethesetogainillegalaccesstoyoursystem.Youshouldpatchtheseflawsoftentohelpkeepyourcomputersystemsecure.(8)Therearemanytypesofoperatingsystems.ThemostcommonistheMicrosoftsuiteofoperatingsystems.(9)Time-sharingsystemscanbeclassifiedasmulti-usersystemsandsingle-useroperatingsystems.Multi-usercomputeroperatingsystemsallowmultipleuserstoaccessacomputersystemsimultaneouslywhilesingle-useroperatingsystemsareusablebyonlyoneuseratatime.(10)Embeddedoperatingsystemsaretheoperatingsystemsdesignedforbeingusedinembeddedcomputersystems.TheyaredesignedtooperateonsmallmachineslikePDAswithlessautonomy.〖Ex.2〗根據(jù)下面的英文解釋，寫出相應的英文詞匯(1)install(2)command(3)translate(4)mistake(5)release(6)control(7)crash(8)instability(9)reboot(10)workstation〖Ex.3〗把下列句子翻譯為中文(1)它把操作系統(tǒng)裝入內存并啟動操作系統(tǒng)(2)在計算機上，(3)字體可以用于計算機屏幕顯示和打印機的(4)光纖是一個可以傳輸光束的(5)當你在鍵盤上輸入(6)內聯(lián)網(wǎng)是私有網(wǎng)絡。許多內(7)在計算機屏幕上，文(8)一旦完成源內容的編碼，制作流媒體的過程就完成了。(9)從語法結構上說，一個域名包括用圓點隔開一系列(10)你在顯示器上看到的視頻質量取決于視頻卡和你所選擇的顯示器。。有兩種基本項目需要組織。硬拷貝輸出。玻璃細絲。時，這些字符和數(shù)字就出現(xiàn)在監(jiān)視器上。聯(lián)網(wǎng)分散在世界各地。件夾通?？瓷先ハ顸S色或藍色的紙文件夾。名稱（標志）。

〖Ex.4〗將下列詞填入適當?shù)奈恢茫吭~只用一次）(1)loaded(2)boot(3)applications(4)use(5)requests(6)defined(7)interact(8)through(9)command(10)graphical〖Ex.5〗根據(jù)課文內容回答問題。1.ItstandsforExtract,Transform,Load.Incomputing,itreferstoaprocessindatabaseusageandespeciallyindatawarehousing.2.ETLsystemscommonlyintegratedatafrommultipleapplications(systems),typicallydevelopedandsupportedbydifferentvendorsorhostedonseparatecomputerhardware.3.ThefirstpartofanETLprocessinvolvesextractingthedatafromthesourcesystem(s).4.Inmanycases,extractingdatarepresentsthemostimportantaspectofETL,becausethiscorrectlysetsthestageforthesuccessofsubsequentprocesses.5.Ingeneral,theextractionphaseaimstoconvertthedataintoasingleformatappropriatefortransformationprocessing.6.Ifthedatafailsthevalidationrulesitisrejectedentirelyorinpart.7.Animportantfunctionoftransformationisthecleaningofdata,whichaimstopassonly“proper”datatothetarget.8.Theloadphaseloadsthedataintotheendtarget.9.Inreallife,theslowestpartofanETLprocessusuallyoccursinthedatabaseloadphase.Databasesmayperformslowlybecausetheyhavetotakecareofconcurrency,integritymaintenance,andindices.10.AcommonsourceofproblemsinETLisabignumberofdependenciesamongETLjobs.

Unit4習題答案〖Ex.1〗根據(jù)課文內容回答問題。1.RisaprogramminglanguageandsoftwareenvironmentforstatisticalcomputingandgraphicssupportedbytheRFoundationforStatisticalComputing.2.TheRlanguageiswidelyusedamongstatisticiansanddataminersfordevelopingstatisticalsoftwareanddataanalysis.3.ThesourcecodefortheRsoftwareenvironmentiswrittenprimarilyinC,Fortran,andR.4.RwascreatedbyRossIhakaandRobertGentlemanattheUniversityofAuckland,NewZealand.5.Randitslibrariesimplementawidevarietyofstatisticalandgraphicaltechniques,includinglinearandnonlinearmodeling,classicalstatisticaltests,time-seriesanalysis,classification,clustering,andothers.6.DuetoitsSheritage,Rhasstrongerobject-orientedprogrammingfacilitiesthanmoststatisticalcomputinglanguages.7.R’sdatastructuresincludevectors,matrices,arrays,dataframes(similartotablesinarelationaldatabase)andlists.8.R’sextensibleobjectsystemincludesobjectsfor(amongothers):regressionmodels,time-seriesandgeo-spatialcoordinates.9.RhasalsobeenidentifiedbytheFDAassuitableforinterpretingdatafromclinicalresearch.10.TexteditorsandIntegrateddevelopmentenvironments(IDEs)withsomesupportforRinclude:ConTEXT,Eclipse(StatET),Emacs(EmacsSpeaksStatistics),LyX(modulesforknitrandSweave),Vim,jEdit,Kate,RStudio,SublimeText,TextMate,Atom,WinEdt(RPackageRWinEdt),Tinn-R,Notepad++,andArchitect.〖Ex.2〗中譯英或者英譯中。1.n.項目，方案，工程2.adj.標準的，普遍的n.標準3.vt.&n.支持，支撐4.n.回歸1.project2.standard3.support4.regression5.unaltered6.n.網(wǎng)站5.adj.不變的，照舊的6.website7.benchmark7.n.基準8.clustering8.n.聚類9.development9.n.開發(fā)，發(fā)展10.n.接口，界面10.interface〖Ex.3〗短文翻譯。什么是R語言？1.R語言簡介R既是編程語言，也是用于統(tǒng)計計算和圖形的環(huán)境。它是一個類似于S語言和環(huán)境的GNU項目，由JohnChambers及其同事在貝爾實驗室（以前歸AT＆T，現(xiàn)在歸朗訊科技）開發(fā)。R語言可以被認為是S的另一種實現(xiàn)。它們有一些重要的區(qū)別，但是給S語言編寫的R語言中不加改變就可以運行。R語言提供了各種各樣的統(tǒng)計和圖形技術，包括線性和非線性建模S語言通常是統(tǒng)計方法研究很多代碼在、經(jīng)典統(tǒng)計測試、時間序列分析、分類、聚類及其它，并且它具有良好的可擴展性。的首選工具，R語言的優(yōu)勢之一是可以式。遵循自由軟件基金會的GNU通用公共許可證的條款，R以源代碼形各種UNIX平臺和類似系統(tǒng)（包括FreeBSD和Linux）、Windows和MacOS上進行編R提供參與該活動的開源線路。輕松地制作精心設計高品質圖形，包括需要的數(shù)學符號和公式提供。它可以在譯和運行。2.R環(huán)境R是用于數(shù)據(jù)處理、計算和圖形顯示的集成軟件套件。這包括●有效的數(shù)據(jù)處理和存儲工具，●一組用于對數(shù)組（特別是矩陣）進行計算的運算●一個大型、一致的集成數(shù)據(jù)分析中間工具集合，●用于數(shù)據(jù)分析并將其在屏幕顯示或硬拷貝輸出的圖形●開發(fā)單有效的編程語言，包括條件、循環(huán)、用戶定義的遞歸函數(shù)和輸入輸出：符，工具，以及良好、簡工具。R像S一樣，圍繞真正的計算機語言進行設計，它允許用戶通過定義新功能來添加附加功能。對于計算密集型任務，可以在運行時鏈接和調用C、C++和Fortran代碼。高級用戶可以接編寫C代碼來操作R對象。直〖Ex.4〗將下列詞填入適當?shù)奈恢茫吭~只用一次）。1.erpreted9.readable〖Ex.5〗根據(jù)課文內容回答問題。1.Pythonisawidelyusedhigh-level,general-purpose,interpreted,dynamicprogramminglanguage.2.Pythonsupportsmultipleprogrammingparadigms,includingobject-oriented,imperativeandfunctionalprogrammingorproceduralstyles.3.Theifstatementconditionallyexecutesablockofcode,alongwithelseandelif(acontractionofelse-if).4.Thetrystatementallowsexceptionsraisedinitsattachedcodeblocktobecaughtandhandledbyexceptclauses;italsoensuresthatclean-upcodeinafinallyblockwillalwaysberunregardlessofhowtheblockexits.5.AsofPython3.5,itsupportsmatrixmultiplicationdirectlywiththe@operator.6.Pythonmakesadistinctionbetweenlistsandtuples.Listsarewrittenas[1,2,3],aremutable,andcannotbeusedasthekeysofdictionaries(dictionarykeysmustbeimmutableinPython).Tuplesarewrittenas(1,2,3),areimmutableandthuscanbeusedasthekeysofdictionaries,

providedallelementsofthetupleareimmutable.7.Triple-quotedstringsbeginandendwithaseriesofthreesingleordoublequotemarks.8.Thethirdsliceparameteriscalledsteporstride.Itallowselementstobeskippedandreversed.9.OneofPython'sgreateststrengthsisthatPythonhasalargestandardlibrary,providingtoolsformanytasks.10.MostPythonimplementationscanfunctionasacommandlineinterpreter,forwhichtheuserentersstatementssequentiallyandreceivestheresultsimmediately(read–eval–printloop(REPL)).Inshort,Pythonactsasacommand-lineinterfaceorshell.

Unit5〖Ex.1〗根據(jù)課文內容回答問題1.Adatastructureisaspecializedformatfororganizingandstoringdata.Generaldatastructuretypesincludethearray,thefile,therecord,thetable,thetree,andsoon.2.Incomputerprogramminglanguages,anarrayisagroupofobjectswiththesameattributesthatcanbeaddressedindividually,usingsuchtechniquesassubscripting.3.Yes,itmust.4.Someoperatingsystemsandapplicationsdescribefileswithgivenformatsbygivingthemaparticularfilenamesuffix.5.Theorganizationofdataintherecordisusuallyprescribedbytheprogramminglanguagethatdefinestherecord'sorganizationand/orbytheapplicationthatprocessesit.6.Incomputerprogramming,atableisadatastructureusedtoorganizeinformation,justasitisonpaper.7.Indataprocessing,atable,alsocalledanarray,isanorganizedgroupingoffields.Tablesmaystorerelativelypermanentdata,ormaybefrequentlyupdated.8.Inarelationaldatabase,atable,sometimescalledafile,organizestheinformationaboutasingletopicintorowsandcolumns.9.Adecisiontableisoftencalledatruthtable.Itcontainsalistofdecisionsandthecriteriaonwhichtheyarebased.10.AnHTMLtableisusedtoorganizeWebpageelementsspatiallyortocreateastructurefordatathatisbestdisplayedintabularform,suchaslistsorspecifications.〖Ex.2〗根據(jù)下面的英文解釋，寫出相應的英文詞匯。1.interrupt2.record3.table4.list5.subscript6.suffix7.define8.row9.sector10.sort〖Ex.3〗把下列句子翻譯為中文。1.星型拓撲通常由雙絞線實現(xiàn)，特別是非屏蔽雙絞線。2.視頻卡是計算機的一部分，它把視頻數(shù)據(jù)轉換成你在顯示器上能看到的可視信息。3.多用戶操作系統(tǒng)允許不同的用戶同時利用計算機資源。4.地址是因特網(wǎng)上信息網(wǎng)站、一個特定文件（如網(wǎng)頁）或一個電子郵件用戶的唯一位置。5.多年來，ARPA已經(jīng)在計算機平有深遠的影響。6.當然實際上，隨著更復雜軟件應用的出現(xiàn)，計算機語言只不過又產生了軟件故障的新類科學研究方面資助了許多項目，其中很多都對現(xiàn)代工藝水型。7.計算機病毒是一個程序，當首次感染可執(zhí)行文件或硬盤和軟盤的系統(tǒng)區(qū)域后開始傳播自己并制作自己的拷貝。8.當所有RAM都被使用了（如許多程序同時打開），計算機戶的印象是好像還有些內存。9.編譯程序忽略全部注釋。就把數(shù)據(jù)交換到硬盤上，給用10.你不用離開Word就可以用電子郵件發(fā)送你的文檔。

〖Ex.4〗將下列詞填入適當?shù)奈恢茫吭~只用一次）。1.database2.random3.records4.leaves5.end6.beyond7.nodes8.two9.power10.depth〖Ex.5〗根據(jù)課文內容回答以下問題。1.Structureddatareferstoanydatathatresidesinafixedfieldwithinarecordorfile.Thisincludesdatacontainedinrelationaldatabasesandspreadsheets.2.Structureddatahastheadvantageofbeingeasilyentered,stored,queriedandanalyzed.3.StructureddataisoftenmanagedbyusingStructuredQueryLanguage(SQL).4.SQLisaprogramminglanguagecreatedformanagingandqueryingdatainrelationaldatabasemanagementsystems.ItbecameanInternationalOrganizationforStandards(ISO)standardin1987.5.Semi-structureddataisaformofstructureddatathatdoesnotconformwiththeformalstructureofdatamodelsassociatedwithrelationaldatabasesorotherformsofdatatables,butnonetheless,containstagsorothermarkerstoseparatesemanticelementsandenforcehierarchiesofrecordsandfieldswithinthedata.6.Thetypesofsemi-structureddatamentionedinthetextareXMLandJSON.7.●Thetraditionalrelationaldatamodelhasapopularandready-madequerylanguage,SQL.●Proneto"garbagein,garbageout";byremovingrestraintsfromthedatamodel,thereislessfore-thoughtthatisnecessarytooperateadataapplication.8.Unstructureddatareferstoinformationthateitherdoesnothaveapre-defineddatamodelorisnotorganizedinapre-definedmanner.9.Techniquessuchasdatamining,naturallanguageprocessing(NLP),andtextanalyticsareused.todealwithunstructureddata.10.Sinceunstructureddatacommonlyoccursinelectronicdocuments,theuseofacontentordocumentmanagementsystemwhichcancategorizeentiredocumentsisoftenpreferredoverdatatransferandmanipulationfromwithinthedocuments.

Unit6〖Ex.1〗根據(jù)課文內容，判斷以下敘述的正誤1.T2.T3.F4.T5.F6.F7.T8.F〖Ex.2〗根據(jù)課文內容填空。。1.bibliographic,full-text,numeric2.E.F.CoddatIBM,1970.3.StructuredQueryLeractivequeriesforinformation,forgatheringdataforreports5.select,insert,update,aprogramminginterface6.adatabasemanager,createandaccessdata7.theStructuredQueryLanguage(SQL),theobject-orienteddatabasemanagementsystem(ODBMS)8.adistributeddatabase9.adatastructureforasinglepieceofdata,records10.atable,aspecificentity〖Ex.3〗從題后選擇與以下各條敘述意義最接近的詞組。1.G2.H3.I4.C5.E〖Ex.4〗選擇填空1.C2.D3.A4.B5.D〖Ex.5〗根據(jù)課文回答以下問題。1.Forsomecomputerowners,findingenoughstoragespacetoholdallthedatathey'veacquiredisarealchallenge.2.Desperatecomputerownersmightdeleteentirefoldersworthofoldfilesinordertomakespacefornewinformation.3.Cloudstoragereallyreferstosavingdatatoanoff-sitestoragesystemmaintainedbyathirdparty.Insteadofstoringinformationtoyourcomputer'sharddriveorotherlocalstoragedevice,yousaveittoaremotedatabase.4.Atitsmostbasiclevel,acloudstoragesystemneedsjustonedataserverconnectedtotheInternet.5.Becausecomputersoccasionallyrequiremaintenanceorrepair,it'simportanttostorethesameinformationonmultiplemachines.6.Theyusecloudstorageasawaytocreatebackupsofdata.Ifsomethinghappenstotheclient'scomputersystem,thedatasurvivesoff-site.It'sadigital-agevariationof"don'tputallyoureggsinonebasket."7.GoogleDocsallowsuserstouploaddocuments,spreadsheetsandpresentationstoGoogle'sdataservers.UserscaneditfilesusingaGoogleapplication.Userscanalsopublishdocumentssothatotherpeoplecanreadthemorevenmakeedits.8.SocialnetworkingsiteslikeFacebookandMySpaceallowmemberstopostpicturesandothercontent.Allofthatcontentisstoredontherespectivesite'sservers.9.Thetwobiggestconcernsmentionedinthepassageaboutcloudstoragearereliabilityandsecurity.

10.Tosecuredata,mostsystemsuseacombinationoftechniques,includingencryption,authenticationprocessesandauthorizationpractices.

Unit7【Ex1.】根據(jù)課文內容回答問題。1.Datawarehouseisadatabasethatprovidesuserswithdataextractedfromonlinetransactionprocessingsystems,batchsystems,andexternallysyndicateddata.2.Idealcandidatesforadatawarehousehavethreecommoncharacteristics:Theyoperateinahighlycompetitiveindustry;Theyhavevastamountsofdata;Andtheyarestrugglingwiththeintegrationofwidelydisperseddata.3.Informationanddatamodeling4.Inmostofthesituations,activitiessurroundingExtract,TransformandLoad(ETL)arethemosttimeconsumingactivities.5.Inordertomakethisdistinction,oneneedstoworktogetherwithbusinessrepresentativeswhoareknowledgeableinthebusinessrules.6.Dataminingisfindingpatternsinthedatathatarenoteasilydetectablebyintuitionorexperience.7.Themajordifferencebetweenadatawarehouseanddataminingisthatmosttimes,oneusessummarieswhileusingadatawarehouse;whereasfordatamining,detailedleveldataisneeded.8.OLAPstandsforOnlineAnalyticalProcessinganditisatechniqueforprocessinglargeamountsofdataforthepurposesofbusinessanalysis.9.Adatawarehouseapplianceisacombinationofhardwareandsoftwareproductthatisdesignedspecificallyforanalyticalprocessing.10.Withadatawarehouseappliance,thevendorisresponsibleforsimplifyingthephysicaldatabasedesignlayerandmakingsurethatthesoftwareistunedforthehardware.【Ex2.】根據(jù)給出的漢語詞義和規(guī)定的詞類寫出相應的英語單詞。每詞的首字母已給出。vt.用公式表示，規(guī)則化adj.多余的,冗余的v.展開，配置formulateredundantdeployadj.離散的，分散的n.批處理scatteredbatchn.服務器servervi.改變，轉化，變換adj.不一致的，不協(xié)調的，矛盾的n.式樣，模式transforminconsistentpatternn.聯(lián)機，在線式onlinen.知識庫，倉庫adj.全異的repositorydisparateadj.錯誤的，不準確的adj.基礎的，基本的inaccuratefundamentaladj.多維的multidimensionaln.指數(shù)exponentialrobustadj.健壯的n.功能性adj.可升級的n.執(zhí)行functionalityscalableimplementation【Ex3.】把下列句子翻譯為中文。1．你可2．每年夏天都有一批新的3．你們的以和其他在線的人聊天。學生要找工作。產品和服務有競爭力嗎？營銷又怎么樣呢？4．我的服務器今天早上出了問題.5．誰都知道破壞容易建設難。6．光化學反應使光變?yōu)殡娒}沖。7．實驗結果表明,該算法在抵抗普通攻擊與幾何攻擊方面均具有較好的8．來自不同的行業(yè)和不同區(qū)域的反饋有不著同的結果。9．在構思設計圖時要考慮的另一個基本因素是功能10．人口趨向于以指數(shù)比率增長。魯棒性。?！綞x4.】從下列詞中選擇適當?shù)脑~填空。1.duct7.models【Ex.5】根據(jù)課文內容回答問題。1.Ininformationtechnology,abackup,ortheprocessofbackingup,referstothecopyingandarchivingofcomputerdatasoitmaybeusedtorestoretheoriginalafteradatalossevent.2.Backupshavetwodistinctpurposes.Theprimarypurposeistorecoverdataafteritsloss,beitbydatadeletionorcorruption.Thesecondarypurposeofbackupsistorecoverdatafromanearliertime,accordingtoauser-defineddataretentionpolicy,typicallyconfiguredwithinabackupapplicationforhowlongcopiesofdataarerequired.3.Onereasonthatbackupsbythemselvesshouldnotbeconsideredacompletedisasterrecoveryplanisthatnotallbackupsystemsareabletoreconstituteacomputersystemorothercomplexconfigurationsuchasacomputercluster,activedirectoryserver,ordatabaseserverbysimplyrestoringdatafromabackup.4.Asuccessfulbackupjobstartswithselectingandextractingcoherentunitsofdata.5.Withfile-levelapproach,makingcopiesoffilesisthesimplestandmostcommonwaytoperformabackup.6.Insteadofcopyingfileswithinafilesystem,acopyofthewholefilesystemitselfinblock-levelcanbemade.Thisisalsoknownasarawpartitionbackup.7.Aversioningfilesystemkeepstrackofallchangestoafileandmakesthosechangesaccessibletotheuser.8.Thetermfuzzybackupcanbeusedtodescribeabackupoflivedatathatlookslikeitrancorrectly,butdoesnotrepresentthestateofthedataatanysinglepointintime.9.Inordertobackupafilethatisinuse,itisvitalthattheentirebackuprepresentasingle-momentsnapshotofthefile,ratherthanasimplecopyofaread-through.10.Usinganauthenticationmechanismisagoodwaytopreventthebackupschemefrombeingusedforunauthorizedactivity.

Unit8〖Ex.1〗根據(jù)課文內容回答問題。1.Datapreprocessingisadataminingtechniquethatinvolvestransformingrawdataintoanunderstandableformat.2.Datacleansing,alsoknownasdatascrubbing,istheprocessofensuringthatasetofdataiscorrectandaccurate.3.Atitsmostsimpleform,datacleansinginvolvesapersonorpersonsreadingthroughasetofrecordsandverifyingtheiraccuracy.4.Dataintegrationisthemergingofmultipledatasourcesintoasingledatasource.5.Thetwosituationsthatcallfordataintegrationmorethananyotherareinthebusinessandtheresearchfields.6.Datatransformationistheprocessofconvertinginformationordatafromoneformattoanotherformat.7.SQListhecomputerlanguagethatisresponsibleformanagingtheinformationthatresidesinsometypeofdatamanagementsystem.8.Onedifferencebetweendatatransformationanddatamediationisthatthedatamappingprocessinvolvesthecreationofwhatisknownasadatamodel,servingasanintermediarybetweenthetwoformatsinvolved,ratherthanthedirecttranslationthatoccurswiththetransformationofinformation.9.Datareductionisthetransformationofnumericaloralphabeticaldigitalinformationderivedempiricallyorexperimentallyintoacorrected,ordered,andsimplifiedform.10.Whenthedataarealreadyindigitalformthe“reduction'”ofthedatatypicallyinvolvessomeediting,scaling,coding,sorting,collating,andproducingtabularsummaries.〖Ex.2〗把下列句子翻譯為中文。1.有效的解決方案涉及到抽取、過濾和轉換數(shù)據(jù)的優(yōu)化技能和技術。2.副本上的3.這提供了一致性并減少了錯誤的4.這個類包含了要插入、刪除和更新數(shù)據(jù)5.檢查輸出以驗證是否成功處理了所有的6.備份設備報告無法恢復的7.統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)8.重新設置導出文9.報表必須包括指定了到10.建立可共享的、不依賴于任何平臺和語言環(huán)境的中數(shù)據(jù)與受保護的數(shù)據(jù)可能不一致，因此需要進行一致性檢查。數(shù)量。庫內的一行或多個行的方法。命令。硬件錯誤。更新只能在啟用了日志的