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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京財經(jīng)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.寫作題

Writeanessayonthegiventopic"OnUniversity".Basedonthefollowingoutline,presentyourargumentwithsupportingdetailsofnolessthan250words.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

1.大學(xué)的功能

2.大學(xué)是否實現(xiàn)了目標(biāo)

3.如何改進(jìn)

【答案】OnUniversity

Itisaclearfactthatourcountryattachesgreatimportancetoeducationandtherearemuchmorestudentswhobecomeuniversityfreshmeneachyear.Althoughtheyhaveenteredintotheiridealsanctum,dotheyreallyknowabouttheuniversity?

Inmyopinion,universityisnotonlyaplaceofacquiringknowledgebutaplaceofgettingintegrateddevelopmentaswell.Auniversitystudentisonthebestphaseofforminghisowncharacteranddevelopinghisall-aroundcapacity.However,teachersintheclassstillkeeptotraditionalteachingmethod,whichhardlycreateakindofenvironmentwherestudentshavechancetoexpresstheirownthoughts.Inaddition,auniversitycanbedescribedasabridgebetweenstudentsandsociety.Ifitdoesn’tlinkthebothsides,ornotenough,oncestudentsstepintosociety,theymaybepuzzledbymanythingsandscarcelyknowhowtodealwiththem.Sohowtoimproveuniversityeducation?Weshouldinnovateuponteachingmethodonthebasisoftraditionalonesoastoletstudentshavemorechancestospeakouttheirownthinking.Wecanalsoholdasmalldiscussingmeetingtodealwiththerealproblemsfromsociety,thereforewhenstudentsgooutofthecampus,theywilladaptthemselvestothesocietyquickly.

Tosumup,nowadaysthemainproblemsexistinginuniversityeducationisthatmoststudentslackofabilitytothinkindependentlyandtodealwithcomplexthingsinoursociety.I’msuretheseproblemswillbesolvedaslongascorrectandeffectivemeasurescanbetaken.

2.單選題

Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazines:theBug-EyedMonster,embodyingeverytraitand(1)thatmostpeoplefindrepulsive,isabouttograb,andpresumablyravish,asweet,blonde,curvaceous,scantily-cladEarthgirl.Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansand(2)aworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.In(3)tothisunwarrantedstereotype,sciencefictionrarelyemphasizessex,andwhenit(4),itismorediscreetthanothercontemporaryfiction.(5),thebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesinthe(6)betweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.Sciencefictionisaliteratureofchangeandaliteratureofthefuture,andwhileitwouldbefoolishto(7)thatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenreatthistime,the(8)ofhumanlifethatitconsidersmakeitwellworthreadingandstudyingfor(9)otherliteraryformdoesquitethesamethings.

Thequestionis:whatissciencefiction?Andtheanswer(0)be,unfortunately,thattherehavebeen(1)attemptstoconsiderthisquestionatanylengthorwithmuchseriousness;itmaywellbethatsciencefictionwillresistanycomprehensivedefinitionofits(12).Tosaythis,however,doesnotmeanthattherearenowaysofdefiningit,(13)thatvariousfacetsofitstotalitycannotbeclarified.Tobeginwith,thefollowing(14)shouldbehelpful:sciencefictionisaliterarysubgenrewhichpostulatesachange(forhumanbeings)fromconditionsasweknowthemandfollowsthe(15)ofthesechangestoaconclusion.Althoughthisdefinitionwillnecessarilybemodifiedand(16),itcoversmuchofthebasicgroundworkandprovidesa(17)ofdeparture.

Thefirstpoint—thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre—isaveryimportantone,butonewhichisoftenoverlookedor(18)inmostdiscussionsofsciencefiction.Specifically,sciencefictioniscitherashortstoryoranovel.(19)areonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbe(20)sciencefiction,withKarelCapek’sRUR(Russum’sUniversalRobots)(21)theonlyonethatiswell-known;thebodyofpoetrythatmightbelabeledsciencefictionisonlyslightlylarger.Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthatsamebasic(22)inmuchthesamewayasprosefiction(23),thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.

Everythingthatcan(24)aboutprosefiction,ingeneral,appliestosciencefiction.Everypieceofsciencefiction,(25)shortstoryornovel,musthaveanarrator,astory,aplot,asetting,characters,languageandtheme.And(26)anyprose,thethemesofsciencefictionareconcernedwith(27)man’snatureandexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedand(28)inexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.Theyaretheresultofaparticular(29)ofnarrator,story,plot,character,setting,andlanguage.Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameastheywould(30)foranyotherstoryornovel.

問題1選項

A.expression

B.feature

C.character

D.merit

問題2選項

A.deserts

B.advocates

C.degrades

D.reduces

問題3選項

A.regard

B.contrast

C.relation

D.accordance

問題4選項

A.was

B.is

C.did

D.does

問題5選項

A.Instead

B.However

C.Therefore

D.Also

問題6選項

A.bonds

B.communication

C.relation

D.alliance

問題7選項

A.claim

B.swear

C.request

D.confirm

問題8選項

A.dimensions

B.walks

C.aspects

D.roles

問題9選項

A.none

B.some

C.any

D.no

問題10選項

A.should

B.must

C.will

D.can’t

問題11選項

A.few

B.afew

C.little

D.alittle

問題12選項

A.essence

B.characteristics

C.quality

D.value

問題13選項

A.nor

B.so

C.though

D.since

問題14選項

A.procedure

B.argument

C.instruction

D.definition

問題15選項

A.suggestions

B.applications

C.implications

D.descriptions

問題16選項

A.prolonged

B.expanded

C.continued

D.stretched

問題17選項

A.point

B.dot

C.location

D.spot

問題18選項

A.abandoned

B.dismissed

C.initiated

D.ignored

問題19選項

A.Those

B.What

C.There

D.They

問題20選項

A.referred

B.entitled

C.called

D.declared

問題21選項

A.being

B.is

C.are

D.does

問題22選項

A.intentions

B.functions

C.routines

D.occasions

問題23選項

A.inresult

B.incommon

C.ingeneral

D.inmanner

問題24選項

A.besaying

B.besaid

C.tosay

D.say

問題25選項

A.either

B.neither

C.notonly

D.whether

問題26選項

A.as

B.though

C.unlike

D.like

問題27選項

A.interpreting

B.translating

C.exchanging

D.representing

問題28選項

A.recognized

B.presented

C.depicted

D.expressed

問題29選項

A.conflict

B.cooperation

C.collection

D.combination

問題30選項

A.have

B.do

C.be

D.make

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:B

第13題:A

第14題:D

第15題:C

第16題:B

第17題:A

第18題:D

第19題:C

第20題:C

第21題:A

第22題:B

第23題:C

第24題:B

第25題:D

第26題:D

第27題:A

第28題:B

第29題:C

第30題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項expression“表現(xiàn),表達(dá);表情”;B選項feature“特色,特征;容貌;特寫”;C選項character“性格,品質(zhì);特性;角色”;D選項merit“優(yōu)點,價值;功績;功過”。由空格前trait“特點”可知B選項正確。

2.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項desert“遺棄;放棄;逃跑”;B選項advocate“提倡,主張,擁護(hù)”;C選項degrade“貶低;使……丟臉;使……降級;使……降解”;D選項reduce“減少;降低”。由空格前關(guān)鍵字demean“貶低……的身份”可知C選項正確。

3.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。incontrastto“與……相反”,由空格后關(guān)鍵句sciencefictionrarelyemphasizessex,中文翻譯為:科幻小說很少強(qiáng)調(diào)性,可知B選項正確。

4.【試題解析】考查語法。由空格前的句子可知此處為一般現(xiàn)在時,并且這里為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)語境和句意可知D選項正確。

5.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合后文“thebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesin...betweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.”,中文大意為:科幻小說的根本興趣在于人與其技術(shù)和人與宇宙之間的……。因此判斷出空格處表示相反的意思,A選項正確。

6.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項bonds“聯(lián)結(jié),連接,聯(lián)系”;B選項communication“通訊;通信;交流”;C選項relation“關(guān)系;敘述;親屬關(guān)系”;D選項alliance“聯(lián)盟,聯(lián)合;聯(lián)姻”。聯(lián)系下文“betweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.”,句意:人與其技術(shù)和人與宇宙之間的……根據(jù)語境和句意可知C選項正確。

7.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項claim“聲稱;需要”;B選項swear“發(fā)誓;咒罵”;C選項request“請求”;D選項confirm“確認(rèn);確定”。由下文“thatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenre”,中文翻譯為:科幻小說是一個主要的文學(xué)形式,可知A選項正確。

8.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項dimension“范圍;尺寸,長度;深度”;B選項walk“步行;行業(yè);人行道”;C選項aspect“方面;方向;形勢;外貌”;D選項role“角色;任務(wù)”。根據(jù)上下文可知C選項正確。

9.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項none“沒有人;一個也沒有;沒有任何東西”;B選項some“一些;若干;其中的一部分;(數(shù)量不確切時用)有些人”;C選項any“任何;任何一個;若干”;D選項no“沒有;不”。根據(jù)上文makeitwellworthreadingandstudying,中文翻譯為:讓它值得被閱讀和研究。for在本句話中翻譯為“因為”,結(jié)合上下文意思,D選項正確。

10.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合上下文可知該空格處應(yīng)表示有把握的一種推測。因此B選項正確。

11.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。結(jié)合上下文,空格處應(yīng)表示“幾乎不”,此處大意應(yīng)為:幾乎沒有人試圖對這個問題作過詳盡或認(rèn)真的考慮。結(jié)合句意A選項正確。

12.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項essence“本質(zhì),實質(zhì);精華”;B選項characteristics“特性,特征;特色”;C選項quality“質(zhì)量,品質(zhì);特性”;D選項value“價值;價格”。B選項正確。

13.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。聯(lián)系下文“variousfacetsofitstotalitycannotbeclarified”,中文翻譯為“它全體的各個方面不能被澄清”可知此處表示否定,A選項正確。

14.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項procedure“程序,手續(xù);步驟”;B選項argument“論證;論據(jù);爭吵”;C選項instruction“指令;教導(dǎo);用法說明”;D選項definition“定義;清晰度”。根據(jù)句意,D選項正確。

15.【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項suggestion“建議;示意”;B選項application“應(yīng)用;申請;敷用”;C選項implication“含義;暗示;可能的結(jié)果,影響”;D選項description“描述,描寫”。聯(lián)系上下文可知C選項正確。

16.【試題解析】考查詞義。A選項prolong“延長;拖延”;B選項expand“擴(kuò)展;使膨脹;詳述”;C選項continue“延續(xù)”;D選項stretch“伸展,張開;使竭盡所能”。結(jié)合句意,B選項正確。

17.【試題解析】考查固定搭配。apointofdeparture“出發(fā)點”。A選項正確。

18.【試題解析】考查詞義。A選項abandon“放棄”;B選項dismiss“解散;解雇”;C選項initiate“開始;發(fā)起”;D選項ignore“忽視;不理睬”。結(jié)合上下文及空格之前的內(nèi)容,可知D選項正確。

19.【試題解析】考查語法。therebe表示某處存在某人或某物。此處大意為:只有一些戲劇作品……因此C選項正確。

20.【試題解析】考查詞義,A選項refer“涉及;委托;歸諸于;使……求助于”;B選項entitle“給……稱號;使……有權(quán)利”;C選項call“稱呼;召集;稱為”;D選項declare“忽視;不理睬”。結(jié)合上下文語義,可知C選項正確。

21.【試題解析】考查語法。With引導(dǎo)伴隨狀語,后面的系動詞be要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式,因此A選項正確。

22.【試題解析】考查詞義。A選項intention“意圖;目的;意向;愈合”;B選項function“功能;職責(zé)”;C選項routine“程序;日常工作;例行公事”;D選項occasion“時機(jī);場合”。結(jié)合上下文可知B選項正確,意為“為同樣的功能服務(wù)”。

23.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。此處后文“thatis,itsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.”中文翻譯為:也就是說,它與其他小說和短篇故事有很多相同之處。結(jié)合上下文,可知C選項正確。

24.【試題解析】考查語法。此處為被動語態(tài),can為情態(tài)動詞,后面所接動詞用原型。故選B。

25.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。由上下文可知此處應(yīng)該表示“無論”,因此D選項正確。

26.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。由上下文可知此處應(yīng)該表示“如同”,故D選項正確。

27.【試題解析】考查詞義。下文“man’snatureandexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.”中文翻譯為:人類的本性和人類與自己周圍世界相關(guān)的經(jīng)歷。A選項interpret“解釋;說明;闡明”;B選項translate“翻譯;轉(zhuǎn)化”;C選項exchange“交換;交易;兌換”;D選項represent“代表;表現(xiàn)”。根據(jù)語境及句意,可知A選項正確。

28.【試題解析】考查詞義。A選項recognize“認(rèn)出,識別;承認(rèn)”;B選項present“提出;介紹;呈現(xiàn);贈送”;C選項depict“描述;描畫”;D選項express“表達(dá);快遞”。聯(lián)系上下文可知此處表達(dá)的為“呈現(xiàn)”,故B選項正確。

29.【試題解析】考查詞義。A選項conflict“沖突,矛盾;斗爭;爭執(zhí)”;B選項cooperation“合作,協(xié)作”;C選項collection“采集,聚集;[稅收]征收;收藏品;募捐”;D選項combination“結(jié)合;組合;聯(lián)合”。聯(lián)系下文“ofnarrator,story,plot,character,setting,andlanguage.”中文翻譯為:敘述者、故事、情節(jié)、人物、場景和語言的……判斷出D選項正確。

30.【試題解析】考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)上文可知此處應(yīng)填寫系動詞,故C選項正確。

3.單選題

Aroundtwominutesafterlaunch,theboostersoneithersideoftheshuttlewillfallaway,followedshortlyafterwardsbythegiantexternalfueltank______tothespaceship.

問題1選項

A.clasped

B.strapped

C.hindered

D.clustered

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.clasped握緊;扣緊B.strapped用帶子系(或捆、扎、扣)好

C.hindered阻礙;妨礙D.clustered群聚;聚集

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thegiantexternalfueltank(巨大外部燃料箱)和spaceship(飛船),結(jié)合常識可知,燃料箱是緊緊固定在飛船上的,故空格處表示“固定”符合句意,B項詞義符合該意思,故該題選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D項不符合句意。

【句意】發(fā)射大約兩分鐘后,航天飛機(jī)兩側(cè)的助推器將脫落,緊隨其后的是固定在飛船上的巨大外部燃料箱。

4.翻譯題

It’softensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind.Well,therearemanyundeservingrich—overpaidchiefexecutives,forinstance.Butoveranymeaningfulperiod,mostpeople’sincomesareincreasing.From1995to2004,inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyincomerose14.3percent,to$43,200.Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon’tsatisfytheirrisingwants—forbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternetconnections.

【答案】人們常說只有富人在進(jìn)步,而其他人保持原樣或落后。確實很多富人不配給那么多錢——如薪水過高的主管人員。不過任何一段較長的時間后,大部分人的收入會提高。從1995年到2004年,除去通脹因素,家庭平均收入提高了14.3%,達(dá)到了43200美元。人們感覺“財政困難”,因為增長的收入常常不能滿足越來越高的需求——房子更大、醫(yī)療更完善、教育更優(yōu)質(zhì)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接更快捷。

5.單選題

TheSupremeCourt’sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.

Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof“doubleeffect,”acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffectsagoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseenispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.

Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyillpatients’pain,eventhoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient.

NancyDubler,directorofMontefioreMedicalCenter,contendsthattheprinciplewillshielddoctorswho“untilnowhavevery,verystronglyinsistedthattheycouldnotgivepatientssufficientmediationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath.”

GeorgeAnnas,chairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversity,maintainsthat,aslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath,“It’slikesurgery,’’hesays,“Wedon’tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn’tintendtokilltheirpatients,althoughtheyriskedtheirdeath.Ifyou’reaphysician,youcanriskyourpatient’ssuicideaslongasyoudon’tintendtheirsuicide.”

Onanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodemmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.

JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt’srulingonphysician-assistedsuicide,theNationalAcademyofScience(NAS)releasedatwo-volumereport,ApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof“ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying”asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.

Theprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospices,totestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapies,todevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcare,andtodevelopnewstandardsforassertingandtreatingpainattheendoflife.

Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaningmedicalinitiativestranslateintobettercare.“Largenumbersofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysuffering,”totheextentthatitconstitutes“systematicpatientabuse.”Hesaysmedicallicensingboards“mustmakeitclear...thatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthatareincompletelymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension.”

1.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,wecanlearnthat()_.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?

3.AccordingtotheNAS’sreport,oneoftheproblemsinend-of-lifecareis().

4.GeorgeAnnaswouldprobablyagreethatdoctorsshouldbepunishedifthey().

問題1選項

A.doctorsusedtoincreasedrugdosagestocontroltheirpatients’pain

B.itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedyingendtheirlives

C.theSupremeCourtstronglyopposesphysician-assistedsuicide

D.patientshavenoconstitutionalrighttocommitsuicide

問題2選項

A.Doctorswillbeheldguiltyiftheyrisktheirpatients’death.

B.Modemmedicinehasassistedterminallyillpatientsinpainlessrecovery.

C.TheCourtruledthathigh-dosagepain-relievingmedicationcanbeprescribed.

D.Adoctor’smedicationisnolongerjustifiedbyhisintentions.

問題3選項

A.prolongedmedicalprocedures

B.inadequatetreatmentofpain

C.systematicdrugabuse

D.insufficienthospitalcare

問題4選項

A.managetheirpatientsincompetently

B.givepatientsmoremedicinethanneeded

C.reducedrugdosagesfortheirpatients

D.prolongtheneedlesssufferingofthepatients.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段,“Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyillpatients’pain”,可知近年來,醫(yī)生們使用大劑量嗎啡來緩解晚期病人的疼痛。A選項中usedto表示過去,時間上與原文不符,選項A可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段,“theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleofdoubleeffect,acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects”,可知最高法院實際上支持“雙重效果”的醫(yī)學(xué)原則,這是一個有著幾百年歷史的道德原則,它認(rèn)為一個行為有兩種效果,可判斷出“最高法院強(qiáng)烈反對醫(yī)生協(xié)助自殺”是不正確的,選項C可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段,文章提及憲法沒有賦予醫(yī)生協(xié)助病人自殺的權(quán)利,并未提及病人沒有憲法賦予的自殺權(quán)利。選項D可排除。根據(jù)文章第二段,“Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide”,可知沒有憲法賦予醫(yī)生協(xié)助病人自殺的權(quán)利,可判斷出醫(yī)生協(xié)助垂死的人自殺仍然是非法的,選項B符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段,“Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide”,可知沒有憲法賦予醫(yī)生協(xié)助病人自殺的權(quán)利,并沒有提及他們使病人受到了死亡的威脅將被判有罪。選項A可排除。根據(jù)文章第六段,“modemmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.”,可知現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)延長了死亡的身體痛苦,可推斷出現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)并不能幫助絕癥患者無痛康復(fù)。選項B可排除。根據(jù)文章第五段,“aslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath”,可知只要醫(yī)生開藥方是出于合法的醫(yī)療目的,即使是為了加速病人的死亡,醫(yī)生也沒有做任何違法的事情。可推斷出醫(yī)生的用藥以他的意圖為依據(jù)。選項D可排除。根據(jù)排除法,選項C符合題意。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第七段,“Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof“ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying”asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.”,可知對疼痛治療不足和無效強(qiáng)制性醫(yī)療程序是臨終護(hù)理的兩個問題。選項B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段,“Largenumbersofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysuffering…thatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthatareincompletelymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension.”,可知許多醫(yī)生似乎并不關(guān)心他們的病人所遭受的不必要的、可預(yù)見的痛苦,這些痛苦都是由于管理不善造成的,應(yīng)該要吊銷執(zhí)照??膳袛喑鯣eorgeAnnas認(rèn)為延長病人不必要的痛苦的醫(yī)生應(yīng)受到懲罰。選項D符合題意。

6.單選題

Thesupplyofelectricpowertothecityanditsneighboringdistrictshashadtobe______.

問題1選項

A.weakened

B.minimized

C.restricted

D.slowed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A項weaken“減少,使變?nèi)酢保珺項minimize“使減到最少,小看”,C項restrict“限制,約束”,D項slow“變慢,阻礙”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Thesupplyofelectricpower“電力供應(yīng)”可知,空格部分表示“限制”更符合語境。句意:這個城市及其鄰近地區(qū)的電力供應(yīng)不得不受到限制。因此,該題選擇C項正確。

7.單選題

Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthier,havebettermarriagesandhavemorerespectableoccupations.Personalconsultantsgivethembetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants.Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.

Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveladder,itisharmfultoawoman.

Handsomemaleexecutiveswereperceivedashavingmoreintegritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoaccountfortheirsuccess.

Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.

Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemoreintegrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Interestingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatofattractiveovernightsuccesses.

Whyareattractivewomennotthoughttobeable?Anattractivewomanisperceivedtobemorefeminineandanattractivemanmoremasculinethanthelessattractiveones.Thus,anattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobs,butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthe“masculine”qualitiesrequired.

Thisistrueeveninpolitics.“Whentheonlyclueishowheorshelooks,peopletreatmenandwomendifferently,”saysAnneBowman,whorecentlypublishedastudyontheeffectsofattractivenessonpoliticalcandidates.Sheasked125undergraduatestudentstoranktwogroupsofphotographs,oneofmenandoneofwomen,inorderofattractiveness.Thestudentsweretoldthephotographswereofcandidatesforpoliticaloffices.Theywereaskedtorankthemagain,intheordertheywouldvoteforthem.

Theresultsshowedthatattractivemalesutterlydefeatedunattractivemen,butthewomenwhohadbeenrankedmostattractiveinvariablyreceivedthefewestvotes.

1.Theword“l(fā)iability”(Line5,Para.1)mostprobablymeans“______”.

2.Intraditionallyfemalejobs,attractiveness______.

3.Bowman’sexperimentrevealsthatwhenitcomestopolitics,attractiveness______.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpeople’sviewsonbeautyareoften______.

5.Theauthorwritesthispassageto______.

問題1選項

A.misfortune

B.instability

C.disadvantage

D.burden

問題2選項

A.reinforcesthefemininequalitiesrequired

B.makeswomenlookmorehonestandcapable

C.isofprimaryimportancetowomen

D.oftenenableswomentosucceedquickly

問題3選項

A.turnsouttobeanobstacletomen

B.affectsmenandwomenalike

C.hasaslittleeffectonmenasonwomen

D.ismoreofanobstaclethanabenefittowomen

問題4選項

A.practical

B.prejudiced

C.old-fashioned

D.radical

問題5選項

A.discussthenegativeaspectsofbeingattractive

B.giveadvicetojob-seekerswhoareattractive

C.demandequalrightsforwomen

D.emphasizetheimportanceofappearance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【選項釋義】

1.Theword“l(fā)iability”(Line5,Para.1)mostprobablymeans“______”.

1.單詞“l(fā)iability”(第1段第5行)最有可能是“______”的意思。

A.misfortuneA.不幸

B.instabilityB.不穩(wěn)定

C.disadvantageC.缺點

D.burdenD.負(fù)擔(dān)

【考查點】詞匯推斷題

【解題思路】第一步:句中前后信息銜接,第一段“文章開頭講了許多漂亮在工作,生活中的優(yōu)點,但最后發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)折:Butintheexecutive(主管的)circle,beautycanbecomealiability.“在管理圈內(nèi),漂亮有可能變?yōu)椴焕?,前面的?nèi)容是說美能夠帶來的好處,比如讓咨詢師給出更好的建議,讓法官輕判,后面單詞與前面形成轉(zhuǎn)折,所以可以排除A、B選項。第二步,上下文語義銜接,下文第三段中有提到“他們的成功不是歸功于能力,而是運(yùn)氣等因素(nottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.)”,就是因為美麗所以導(dǎo)致人們帶有色眼鏡看自己,這使自己無形之中形成了缺點,所以答案選C選項。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“不幸”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有;

B選項“不穩(wěn)定”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有;

D選項“負(fù)擔(dān)”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有。

2.【選項釋義】

2.Intraditionallyfemalejobs,attractiveness______.2.在傳統(tǒng)的女性工作中,吸引力______。

A.reinforcesthefemininequalitiesrequiredA.鞏固了帶有女性特征的品質(zhì)

B.makeswomenlookmorehonestandcapableB.讓女人看起來更誠實、更有能力

C.isofprimaryimportancetowomenC.對婦女至關(guān)重要

D.oftenenableswomentosucceedquicklyD.常使婦女迅速成功

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到文章第六段第二句:“有魅力的女性在傳統(tǒng)的屬于女性的工作中具有優(yōu)勢,但是一個漂亮的女人在傳統(tǒng)的男性工作中似乎缺乏所需的‘男性’素質(zhì)”;第二步,綜合理解,這里可知D選項“常使婦女迅速成功”正確。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“鞏固了帶有女性特征的品質(zhì)”,文章沒有提及,屬于無中生有;

B選項“讓女人看起來更誠實、更有能力”,定位到第五段第一句“讓女人看起來更誠實、更有能力”,所有不漂亮的女性高管都被認(rèn)為比漂亮的女性高管更正直,更有能力,所以B選項錯誤,這里屬于反向干擾;

C選項“對婦女至關(guān)重要”,文章沒有提及吸引力對女性很重要,反而暗含著漂亮對女性是個阻礙,C選項屬于無中生有。

3.【選項釋義】

3.Bowman’sexperimentrevealsthatwhenitcomestopolitics,attractiveness______.

3.鮑曼的實驗表明,當(dāng)涉及到政治時,吸引力______。

A.turnsouttobeanobstacletomenA.對男人來說是阻礙

B.affectsmenandwomenalikeB.對男人和女人都有同樣的影響

C.hasaslittleeffectonmenasonwomenC.對男人和女人的影響一樣小

D.ismoreofanobstaclethanabenefittowomenD.對女性來說,更多的是一個障礙而不是一個好處

【考查點】事實細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】第一步,尋找精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到最后一段第一句“結(jié)果顯示,有魅力的男性完全擊敗(utterlydefeated)了沒有魅力的男性,但被評為最有魅力的女性得到的選票總是最少的(thefewestvotes)”,第二步,綜合理解,從這句可知魅力對男性有積極影響,對女性有消極影響,所以答案選D選項“對女性來說,更多的是一個障礙而不是一個好處”。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“對男人來說是阻礙”,見正確選項解析,這里屬于反向干擾;

B選項“對男人和女人都有同樣的影響”見正確選項解析,這里屬于反向干擾;

C選項“對男人和女人的影響一樣小”見正確選項解析,這里屬于反向干擾。

4.【選項釋義】

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpeople’sviewsonbeautyareoften______.

4.從文章中可以推斷出,人們對美的看法通常是______。

A.practical

A.實用的

B.prejudicedB.偏見的

C.old-fashionedC.老套的

D.radicalD.激進(jìn)的

【考查點】觀點態(tài)度題

【解題思路】第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第五段第二句話“然而,有趣的是,相比于漂亮的女人,長相平平的女人一夜之間獲得成功更多地歸功于人際關(guān)系,而不是能力”和第六段第一句“為什么人們認(rèn)為漂亮的女人沒有能力(notbeable)?”第二步,概括理解,從這句可知在大眾眼里漂亮的女人更可能是個花瓶,她們的成功是靠自己的外貌,但其實事實恰恰相反,所以答案選B選項。

【干擾項排除】

A選項“實用的”,見正確選項解析,這里屬于反向干擾;

C選項“老套的”,見正確選項解析,這里屬于反向干擾;

D選項“激進(jìn)的”,見正確選項解析,這里屬于反向干擾。

5.【選項釋義】

5.Theauthorwritesthispassageto______.

5.作者寫這篇文章是為了______。

A.discussthenegativeaspectsofbeingattractiveA.討論有吸引力的負(fù)面因素

B.giveadvicetojob-seekerswhoareattractiveB.給有吸引力的求職者建議

C.demandequalrightsforwomenC.要求婦女享有平等權(quán)利

D.emphasizetheimportanceofappearanceD.強(qiáng)調(diào)外觀的重要性

【考查點】主旨大意題

【解題思路】梳理各段核心句

第一段:最后一句“但在行政圈子里,美貌可能成為一種負(fù)擔(dān)(liability)?!?,這句是轉(zhuǎn)折句,引出下文;

第二、三、四段:只有一句話,都是講在行政圈里,魅力對男性的好處,對女性的壞處;

第五段:第一句“所有不漂亮的女性高管都被認(rèn)為比漂亮的女性高管更正直,更有能力?!?,這段講有魅力的女性所受到的歧視;

第六段:第一句,“為什么人們認(rèn)為漂亮的女人沒有能力?”,這段解釋了為什么人們會認(rèn)為漂亮的女人沒有能力;

第七段:第一句,“即使在政治領(lǐng)域也是如此”,這段講述了一個關(guān)于男女性魅力的實驗;

第八段:只有一句話,講述的是實驗結(jié)果,實驗結(jié)果進(jìn)一步印證了魅力對男性的好處,對女性的壞處。

綜上所述,作者寫文章的主要目的是A選項“討論有吸引力的負(fù)面因素”。

【干擾項排除】

B選項“給有吸引力的求職者建議”,文章沒有給出建議,這里屬于無中生有;

C選項“要求婦女享有平等權(quán)利”,文章沒有提到平等,這里屬于無中生有;

D選項“強(qiáng)調(diào)外觀的重要性”,文章第一段有提到外觀的重要,但不是文章的重點,這里屬于以偏概全。

8.單選題

ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues,includingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracyareequallycompetenttoserveonjuries;thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionofthecommunity;thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryonaccountofrace,religion,sex,ornationalorigin;thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers;andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthecommunityandnotjusttheletterofthelaw.Thejuryisalsosaidtobethebestsurvivingexampleofdirectratherthanrepresentativedemocracy.Inadirectdemocracy,citizenstaketurnsgoverningthemselves,ratherthanelectingrepresentativestogovernforthem.

Butasrecentlyasin1968,juryselectionproceduresconflictedwiththesedemocraticideals.Insomestates,forexample,jurydutywaslimitedtopersonsofsupposedlysuperiorintelligence,educationandmoralcharacter.AlthoughtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateshadprohibitedintentionalracialdiscriminationinjuryselectionasearlyasthe1880caseofStrauderv.WestVirginia,thepracticeofselectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuriesprovidedaconvenientwayaroundthisandotherantidiscriminationlaws.

Thesystemalsofailedtoregularlyincludewomenonjuriesuntilthemid-20thcentury.AlthoughwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898,itwasnotuntilthe1940sthatamajorityofstatesmadewomeneligibleforjuryduty.Eventhenseveralstatesautomaticallyexemptedwomenfromjurydutyunlesstheypersonallyaskedtohavetheirnamesincludedonthejurylist.Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome,anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.

In1968,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurySelectionandServiceAct,usheringinaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthejury.Thislawabolishedspecialeducationalrequirementsforfederaljurorsandrequiredthemtobeselectedatrandomfromacrosssectionoftheentirecommunity.Inthelandmark1975decisionTaylorv.Louisiana,theSupremeCourtextendedtherequirementthatjuriesberepresentativeofallpartsofthecommunitytothestatelevel.TheTaylordecisionalsodeclaredsexdiscriminationinjuryselectiontobeunconstitutionalandorderedstatestousethesameproceduresforselectingmaleandfemalejurors.

1.FromtheprinciplesoftheU.S.jurysystem,welearnthat________.

2.Thepracticeofselectingso-calledelitejurorspriorto1968showed________.

3.AftertheJurySelectionandServiceActwaspassed,________.

4.IndiscussingtheU.S.jurysystem,thetextcenterson________.

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