考研考博-英語-北京衛(wèi)生職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京衛(wèi)生職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Ifapersonisinastatebetweensleepingandbeingawake,oftenasaresultofheatordrinkingalcohol,hefeels_______.

問題1選項

A.tiresome

B.fatigued

C.drowsy

D.restless

【答案】C

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.tiresome討厭的，令人厭煩的B.fatigued身心交瘁，精疲力竭

C.drowsy困倦的，昏昏欲睡的D.restless坐立不安的，不耐煩的

【答案】C

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞betweensleepingandbeingawake，可知這里指一個人半夢半醒時的感覺，drowsy符合語境，因此C選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、B、D選項不符合語境。

【句意】如果一個人處于半夢半醒的狀態(tài)，通常是由于發(fā)熱或飲酒，他會感到昏昏欲睡。

2.翻譯題

大多數(shù)中國人十分看重自己的工作，覺得工作會使自己成為團體的一部分。他們相信，工作可以讓他們產(chǎn)生歸屬感。換言之，要得到社會的承認，就必須工作。許多中國經(jīng)理和員工努力工作，力求保住在公司的職位，原因就是這個。

【答案】

MostChinesevaluetheirjobsverymuch,andfeelthatitmakesthempartofacommunityandtheybelievethatworkgivesthemasenseofbelonging.Inotherwords,inordertoberecognizedbysociety,theyhavetowork.ThatiswhymanyChinesemanagersandemployeeshavetoworkhardandstrivetokeeptheirpositionsinthecompany.

3.單選題

Thestudentslisteningtothepompousofficial’slongspeechweresoonveryboring;nodoubtmanyofthemhadtheirmindsmoreonwhatwasforlunchthanonwhathewassaying.

問題1選項

A.were

B.veryboring

C.hadtheirminds

D.onwhatwasforlunchthanon

E.沒有問題

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞誤用。boring改為bored。boring令人厭煩的。bored感到無聊的。

4.單選題

Inthepast,Americancollegesanduniversitieswerecreatedtoserveadualpurposetoadvancelearningandtoofferachancetobecomefamiliarwithbodiesofknowledgealreadydiscoveredtothosewhowishedit.TocreateandtoimpartthesewerethedistinctivefeatureofAmericanhighereducationpriortothemostrecent,disorderlydecadesofthetwentiethcentury.Thesuccessfulinstitutionofhigherlearninghadneverbeenonewhosemissioncouldbedefinedintermsofprovidingvocationalskillsorasastrategyforresolvingsocietalproblems.InasubtlewayAmericansbelievedhighereducationtobeuseful,butnotnecessarilyofimmediateuse.

AnotherpurposehasnowbeenassignedtothemissionofAmericancollegesanduniversities.Institutionsofhigherlearning—publicorprivate—commonlyfacethechallengeofdefiningtheirprogramsinsuchawayastocontributetotheserviceofthecommunity.

Thisservicerolehasvariousapplications.Mostcommonareprogramstomeetthedemandsofregionalemploymentmarkets,toprovideopportunitiesforupwardsocialandeconomicmobility,toachieveracial,ethnic,orsocialintegration,ormoregenerallytoproduce“productive”ascomparedto“educated”graduates.Regardlessofitsprecisedefinition,theideaofaservice-universityhaswonacceptancewithintheacademiccommunity.

Oneneedonlyberemindedofthechangeinlanguagedescribingthetwo-yearcollegetoappreciatethenewvaluecurrentlybeingattachedtotheconceptofaservice-relateduniversity.Thetraditionaltwo-yearcollegehassheditspejorative“junior”collegelabelandisgenerallycalleda“community”college,aclearlyvalue-ladenexpressionrepresentingthelatestcommitmentinhighereducation.Eventhedoctoraldegree,longrecognizedasarequired“unioncard”intheacademicworld,hascomeunderseverecriticismasthepursuitoflearningforitsownsakeandtheaccumulationofknowledgewithoutimmediateapplicationtoaprofessor’sclassroomduties.Theideaofacollegeoruniversitythatperformsatriplefunction一communicatingknowledgetostudents,expandingthecontentofvariousdisciplines,andinteractinginadirectrelationshipwithsociety一hasbeenthemostimportantchangeinhighereducationinrecentyears.

Thenoveldevelopment,however,isoftenoverlooked.Educatorshavealwaysbeenfamiliarwiththosepartsofthetwo-yearcollegecurriculumthathavea“service”orvocationalorientation.Itisimportanttoknowthis.ButsomecommentariesonAmericanpostsecondaryeducationtendtounderplaytheimpactoftheattemptofcollegesanduniversitiestorelateto,ifnotresolve,theproblemsofsociety.What’sworse,theyobscureafundamentalquestionposedbytheservice-university—whatishighereducationsupposedtodo?

1.Theopeningparagraphiswritteninordertostate（

）.

2.Oneoftherecent,importantchangesinhighereducationrelatesto（

）.

3.Theserviceroleofcollegesspecificallyaimsto（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthereexistsatendencyto（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheservice-educationconceptis（

）.

問題1選項

A.thefutureusefulnessoftheknowledgeobtainedincollege

B.themissionsofdifferenteducationalinstitutionsinAmerica

C.thepurposeofAmericanpostsecondaryeducationinthepast

D.thehistoryofthedevelopmentofAmericanhighereducation

問題2選項

A.curriculumupdates

B.service-educationconcepts

C.impartingknowledgetostudents

D.combiningeducationwithproduction

問題3選項

A.improveservices

B.servethecommunity

C.provideskillsforfutureuse

D.makegraduatesemployable

問題4選項

A.playdowntheservice-university

B.highlightservice-educationfunctions

C.alterthemissionofprimaryeducation

D.exaggeratethechangeinhighereducation

問題5選項

A.radical

B.impartial

C.optimistic

D.supportive

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:1.根據(jù)首段第一句可知，作者是為了陳述美國過去高等教育的目的，選項C符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，現(xiàn)在公立或私立高等教育機構(gòu)通常都面臨著這樣一個挑戰(zhàn)：明確自己的目標(biāo)，以便為社會服務(wù)。即與服務(wù)型的教育概念相關(guān)。選項B正確。

3.根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，服務(wù)角色的應(yīng)用廣泛，最普遍的是滿足地區(qū)就業(yè)市場的需求，為社會和經(jīng)濟的向上流動提供機會，實現(xiàn)種族、族裔或社會融合，或者更普遍地培養(yǎng)“有生產(chǎn)力”的畢業(yè)生，而不是“受過教育”的畢業(yè)生。這樣畢業(yè)生才能更好地就業(yè)，所以選項D正確。

4.根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“somecommentaries...theproblemsofsociety.”一些對美國高等教育的評論往往低估了高等院校試圖解決社會問題的影響。所以存在于一種貶低服務(wù)型大學(xué)的傾向，選項A符合原文。

5.根據(jù)最后一段可知，學(xué)院或大學(xué)的想法執(zhí)行三重功能——傳播知識給學(xué)生，擴大各學(xué)科的內(nèi)容以及與社會直接互動——是近年來高等教育最重要的改變。然而，這種新穎的發(fā)展往往被忽視。作者在最后一段批判了貶低服務(wù)型大學(xué)的傾向，由此可知，作者的態(tài)度是支持的，所以選項D正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

5.單選題

Thestudyshowsthatlayingtoomuchemphasisonexamsislikelyto（）students'enthusiasminlearningEnglish.

問題1選項

A.holdout

B.holdoff

C.holddown

D.holdback

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。holdout“堅持；伸出；提供”；holdoff“拖延；不接近”；holddown“抑制；壓制”；holdback“隱瞞；退縮”。根據(jù)前后“將太多重心放在考試”與“同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)英語的熱情”這二者的邏輯關(guān)系可知選項C符合題意，前者會“抑制”后者。

6.單選題

Tosurviveintheintensetradecompetitionbetweencountries,wemust_______thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworldmarketdemand.

問題1選項

A.improve

B.enhance

C.guarantee

D.gear

【答案】D

【解析】improve改善,增進;enhance增加,提高;guarantee保證,擔(dān)保;gear適合。句意：為了在國家間激烈的貿(mào)易競爭中生存,我們必須使我們生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和品種適應(yīng)世界市場的需求。gearto使適應(yīng),所以選項D正確。

7.單選題

Whatisthenatureofthescientificattitude,theattitudeofthemanorwomanwhostudiesandappliesphysics,biology,chemistry,geology,engineering,medicineoranyotherscience?

Weallknowthatscienceplaysanimportantroleinthesocietiesinwhichwelive.Manypeoplebelieve,however,thatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience.Thefirstoftheseistheapplicationofthemachines,productsandsystemsofappliedknowledgethatscientistsandtechnologistsdevelop.Throughtechnology,scienceimprovesthestructureofsocietyandhelpsmantogainincreasingcontroloverhisenvironment.Thesecondaspectistheapplicationbyallmembersofsocietyofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandactionthatscientistsuseintheirwork.

Whatarethesespecialmethodsofthinkingandacting?Firstofall,itseemsthatasuccessfulscientistisfullofcuriosity—hewantstofindouthowandwhytheuniverseworks.Heusuallydirectshisattentiontowardsproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfactoryexplanation,andhiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected.Moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.

Heisagoodobserver,accurate,patientandobjectiveandapplieslogicalthoughttotheobservationshemakes.Heutilizesthefactsheobservestothefullestextent.Forexample,trainedobserversobtainaverylargeamountofinformationaboutastarmainlyfromtheaccurateanalysisofthesimplelinesthatappearinaspectrum.

Heisskeptical—hedoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable—andthereforerejectsauthorityasthesolebasisfortruth.Scientistsalwayscheckstatementsandmakeexperimentscarefullyandobjectivelytoverifythem.

Furthermore,heisnotonlycriticaloftheworkofothers,butalsoofhisown,sinceheknowsthatmanistheleastreliableofscientificinstrumentsandthatanumberoffactorstendtodisturbobjectiveinvestigation.

Lastly,heishighlyimaginativesinceheoftenhastolookforrelationshipsindatawhicharenotonlycomplexbutalsofrequentlyincomplete.Furthermore,heneedsimaginationifhewantstomakehypothesesofhowprocessesworkandhoweventstakeplace.Thereseemtobesomeofthewaysinwhichasuccessfulscientistortechnologistthinksandacts.

1.Manypeoplebelievethatsciencehelpssocietytoprogressthrough（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaboutcuriosity（

）?

3.Accordingtothepassage,asuccessfulscientistwouldnot（

）.

4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss（

）?

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthetopic（

）?

問題1選項

A.appliedknowledge

B.morethanoneaspect

C.technologyonly

D.theuseofmachines

問題2選項

A.Itgivesthescientistconfidenceandpleasureinwork.

B.Itgivesrisetointerestinproblemsthatareunexplained.

C.Itleadstoeffortstoinvestigatepotentialconnections.

D.Itencouragesthescientisttolookfornewwaysofacting.

問題3選項

A.easilybelieveinuncheckedstatements.

B.easilycriticizeothers’researchwork.

C.alwaysusehisimaginationinwork.

D.alwaysuseevidencefromobservation.

問題4選項

A.Applicationoftechnology.

B.Progressinmodernsociety.

C.Scientists’waysofthinkingandacting.

D.Howtobecomeasuccessfulscientist.

問題5選項

A.Critical.

B.Objective.

C.Biased.

D.Unclear.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。題干：很多人相信科學(xué)通過_______幫助社會進步。通過題干關(guān)鍵詞“Manypeoplebelieve”定位到第二段第二句Manypeoplebelieve,however,thatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience（然而，許多人認為，我們的進步取決于科學(xué)的兩個不同方面），這里明確指出社會進步要靠twodifferentaspectsofscience，因此B選項正確。A選項“應(yīng)用知識”，C選項“僅靠技術(shù)”，D選項“利用機器”，A，C，D選項都不夠全面。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為B選項。

2.細節(jié)判斷題。題干：關(guān)于好奇心，以下哪個選項不正確？由題干中的“curiosity”定位至第三段。第三句和第四句對科學(xué)家的好奇心進行了詳細解釋。第三句指出Heusuallydirectshisattentiontowardsproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfactoryexplanation,andhiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected（他通常把注意力放在那些沒有令人滿意的解釋的問題上，他的好奇心使他尋找潛在的關(guān)系，即使可用的數(shù)據(jù)似乎是毫無關(guān)聯(lián)的），選項B對應(yīng)前一個分句，選項C對應(yīng)and后的第二個分句。末句Moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.（此外，他認為他可以改善現(xiàn)有的條件，并樂于嘗試解決其中涉及的問題。），表示他對自己有信心，且從這一過程獲得愉悅，即pleasure，A也符合文意。綜上所述，本題的正確答案為D選項。

3.細節(jié)判斷題。通過文章可知，一個成功的科學(xué)家不會_________。根據(jù)第六段首句的內(nèi)容，選項A中的uncheckedstatements是對“statementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable”的概括，說明成功的可科學(xué)家不應(yīng)該輕信沒有檢驗的結(jié)論，故選A。選項B“容易批判別人的研究工作”與第七段首句的含義一致，所以排除B選項，選項C“在工作中經(jīng)常利用想象力”和最后一段第一句表達的意思重合，所以排除C選項，選項D“經(jīng)常利用通過觀察得到的證據(jù)”和倒數(shù)第三段第一句表達的意思重合，所以排除D選項。故排除。從文中可知，科學(xué)家不是很容易相信沒有檢驗的結(jié)論，但是他不僅批判別人的工作，還批判自己的工作，工作時需要想象力，充分利用自己觀察所得。綜上所述，本題正確答案是A選項。

4.主旨大意題。題干：文章主要討論的是？文章開篇通過一個文句引出對科學(xué)態(tài)度的本質(zhì)的思考，第二段和第三段介紹了社會進步以來與科學(xué)的兩個方面，之后第四段首句通過一個問句引出全文主題。后面的內(nèi)容都是對這個主題的具體說明。末段對這一主旨進行概括，可見本文的主要內(nèi)容是關(guān)注methodsofthinkingandacting，故選C。A、B、D選項均不符合題意。綜上所述，本題正確答案是C選項。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。在第四段提出本文主旨后，作者就逐一介紹成功科學(xué)家的思維和行為方式。文中沒有任何正面或負面評價，可見作者在文中是非?？陀^地說明成功科學(xué)家的思維和行為方式，故選B“客觀的”。A選項“批評的”，C選項“有偏見的”和D選項“不清楚的”，均不是作者的觀點。綜上所述，本題正確答案是B選項。

8.單選題

Theyhadtoeata(n)（

）meal,ortheywouldbetoolatefortheconcert.

問題1選項

A.temporary

B.hasty

C.immediate

D.urgent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。temporary“暫時的，臨時的”；hasty“匆忙的，輕率的”；immediate“立即的，直接的”；urgent“緊急的，急迫的”。

句意：他們只能急匆匆地吃了飯，不然音樂會他們就會遲到了。選項B符合題意。

9.單選題

Chinesefarmersaremostlylivingasimpleandthriftylifeasitistoday.

問題1選項

A.miserable

B.economical

C.luxurious

D.sensible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。thrifty“節(jié)儉的；節(jié)約的”；A選項miserable“悲慘的；痛苦的”；B選項economical“經(jīng)濟的；節(jié)儉的”；C選項luxurious“奢侈的；豐富的；放縱的”；D選項sensible“明智的；合乎情理的；意識到的”。句意：中國農(nóng)民大多像今天這樣過著簡單節(jié)儉的生活。根據(jù)句中“simple簡單的”可知thrifty在這里的意思為“節(jié)儉的”，因此B選項正確。

10.單選題

AsmoreandmoreAfricanAmericansmovedawayfromsegregatedhousing,theyhadlessconnectiontothevernacularandmoreoccasiontospeakstandardAmericanEnglish.

問題1選項

A.restricted

B.isolated

C.outdated

D.exhausted

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.restricted限制，限定（數(shù)量、范圍等）B.isolated（使）隔離，孤立

C.outdated（新東西）使過時D.exhausted使筋疲力盡

【答案】B

【考查點】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】segregated的意思為“隔離并區(qū)別對待（不同種族、宗教或性別的人）”，這里指的是這些房屋和其他地方是隔離開的，非裔美國人就住在這片區(qū)域，isolated與之詞義相近，因此B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】隨著越來越多的非裔美國人搬離被隔開的住房，他們與當(dāng)?shù)胤窖缘穆?lián)系越來越少，在更多場合中說標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的美式英語。

11.單選題

Thestorywassaidto______ontheinformationfromareliablesource.

問題1選項

A.beingbased

B.havebeenbased

C.base

D.bebased

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.beingbased被根據(jù)B.havebeenbased被根據(jù)

C.base根據(jù)D.bebased被根據(jù)

【答案】B

【考查點】時態(tài)與語態(tài)。

【解題思路】Besaidtodosth.是固定搭配，表示“據(jù)說……”，所以空格處的動詞要用原形；主句的謂語動詞為一般過去時wassaid，而base這個動作應(yīng)該是發(fā)生在wassaid之前，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，故選擇B項。

【干擾項排除】

A項不符合固定搭配；

C、D項不符合時態(tài)。

【句意】據(jù)說這篇報道是根據(jù)可靠的消息來源寫成的。

12.單選題

ThepsychologistWilliamJamesbelievedthatfacialexpressionsnotonlyprovideavisible

signofan（

）.

問題1選項

A.emotionbutalsoactuallycontributingtothefeelingitself

B.emotion;theyalsoactuallycontributetothefeelingof

C.emotionbutalsoactuallycontributetothefeelingitself

D.emotion,actuallycontributingtothefeelingitself

【答案】C

【解析】notonly…butalso表示并列關(guān)系，前后分句的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該保持一致，賓語從句的主語為facialexpressions，notonly后面接的是provide，故butalso后面也應(yīng)該用動詞復(fù)數(shù)contributeto…故答案C。句意：心理學(xué)家威廉?詹姆斯認為,面部表情不僅提供情感的可見跡象，而且也有助于感覺本身。

13.寫作題

Writea100—120-wordsummaryofthearticleinquestion3.

【答案】Theso-calledNashequilibriumpredictsthattheoptimalleveloftrustiszeroineconomictransactionsbetweenstrangers.Actually,thisisnottrue.AbouthalfofPlayer1ssendsomemoney,andthree-quartersofPlayer2swhoreceiveitsendsomeback.Sothereishigherleveloftrustbetweenthem.Similarily,whatistrueforindividualsturnsoutalsotobetruefornations.Trustisoneofthemostpowerfulfactorsaffectingacountry’seconomichealth.Trustlevelsdiffergreatlybetweennations,sopolicy-makersinthesecountrieswheretrustislowerthanacriticallevelofabout30%mightbeurgentlyinterestedinmechanismsthatenablethemtoraisenationaltrustlevels.

14.單選題

Thesunisnotgrowingweaker,yetitslightappearstobedimming.Between1960and1990,somescientistsbelieve,theamountofsolarradiationreachingEarth’ssurfacemayhavedeclinedasmuchas10%—andinsomeplaces,HongKong,forexample,morethan35%.

Whatwasgoingon?Well,itappearsthatincreasedairpollutionduringthose30years—overAsia,inparticular—withthehelp,perhaps,ofsomeincreasedcloudiness,mayhaveexertedacoolinginfluenceonthesurfaceoftheplanetevenascarbondioxideandothergreenhousegaseswereencouragingtheatmospheretowarm.Theimpactsofthattug-of-warontheclimatesystemcouldbedevilishlydifficulttountangle.Atthesametime,notaskcouldbemoreurgent.Forifglobalpollutionhashelpedkeepglobalwarmingincheck,saysVeerabhadranRamanthan,anatmosphericscientistattheUniversityofCaliforniaatSanDiego,thenthefullimpactofthebuildupofgreenhousegaseshasyettobefelt.Thisweek,attheAmericanGeophysicalUnionmeetinginMontreal,Ramanathanandotherswillbepresentingthelatestdataonthesolar-dimmingproblemandponderingitsimplicationsfortheclimatesystemasawhole.

Manyscenariosforglobalwarming,forexample,invokeaspeedupinthehydrologicalcyclebywhichwaterevaporatesandthencomesdownasrain.Thecoolingproducedbysolardimming,however,mayslowtherateofevaporation,whilehigherupintheatmospherethepollutantsresponsibleforabsorbingandreflectingsunlightarelikelytointerferewiththeprocessthatproducesrain.

Why?Thesepollutants,whichtaketheformoftiny,airborneparticlescalledaerosols,actasnucleiaroundwhichclouddropletsform.Theproblemis,therearetoomanyaerosolsintheatmospherecompetingforwatermolecules,sotheclouddropletsthatformaretoosmallandneverbecomeweightyenoughtofalltotheground.Asaresult,saysBeateLiepert,anatmosphericphysicistatColumbiaUniversity’sLamont-DohertyEarthObservatory,theatmospherecouldbefilledwithmoisturewhileEarth’ssurfacethirstsforrain.

Manyquestionsremain,includingthetrueextentofthedimming.Oneanalysispegstheaverageworldwidedarkeningtobeabout4%overthreedecades,whileanothercomputesittobemorethantwicethatmuch.TherearealsoquestionsaboutthereliabilityofthedevicesthatmeasurethesunlightreachingEarth’ssurface.Knownasradiometers,theseinstrumentsarenothingmorethanflat,blacksolarcollectorscappedwithglass.Theyaresometimesfinicky:asmudgeofdirtoraspeckofdustcancausebogusreadingsandchangethecalculatedresults.

Solardimming,inotherwords,isaproblemstillintheprocessofbeingdefined,andasitsdimensionsbecomeclearer,sowillthenatureofthechallengetheworldfaces.Althoughscientistshavedonealotofthinkingaboutglobalwarming,theyarejustbeginningtograpplewiththeproblemofhowglobalwarmingandsolardimminginteract.AsRamanthanputsit,“It’slikewehaveanewgorillasittingdownatthetable”—anditcouldturnouttobeaverybiggorillaindeed.

1.Bytug-of-war,(line4,Paragraph2),theauthormeans（

）.

2.Howdothescientistsfeelaboutthecurrentclimatesituation?

3.Whenmentioning“it’slikewehaveanewgorillasittingdownatthetable”(Line4,Paragraph6),theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcannotserveasfactorofcausingthecoolingsurfaceoftheplanet?

5.WhichofthefollowingisTUREaccordingtothetext?

問題1選項

A.thedifferenteffectofsolardimmingandglobalwarming

B.theimpactofthesolardimmingontheclimatesystem

C.theinfluenceofthesolardimmingontheglobalwarming

D.theinteractionbetweenthesolardimmingandglobalwarming

問題2選項

A.Serious

B.Optimistic

C.Carefree

D.Panicked

問題3選項

A.scientistshouldhaveacloselookatthesolardimmingproblem

B.wearefacinganewproblemwhichisverycomplicatedanddifficulttomanage

C.wearejustbeginningtohaveresearchonthisnewfield

D.thenewsolardimmingproblemisbeyondscientists’abilitytotackle

問題4選項

A.Thelackoftherainintheplanet.

B.Theincreasingofthepollutants.

C.Theformingoftheclouddroplets.

D.Thelessweightoftheclouddroplets.

問題5選項

A.Theinstrumentsusedinthestudyaretoosimpletofunctionwell.

B.Livingthingsintheearthwillbegreatlyinfluencedbysolardimming.

C.Thereisstillalongwaytogointhestudyofsolardimming.

D.Thefindingsthatthesolardimminghasinfluenceonthesurfaceoftheplanetaredoubtful.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.詞義題。由第二段“Whatwasgoingon?Well,itappearsthatincreasedairpollutionduringthose30years—overAsia,inparticular—withthehelp,perhaps,ofsomeincreasedcloudiness,mayhaveexertedacoolinginfluenceonthesurfaceoftheplanetevenascarbondioxideandothergreenhousegaseswereencouragingtheatmospheretowarm.Theimpactsofthattug-of-warontheclimatesystemcouldbedevilishlydifficulttountangle.發(fā)生了什么事?在這30年里，空氣污染的加劇——尤其是在亞洲——在云層增加的幫助下，可能對地球表面產(chǎn)生了降溫的影響，而二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體卻在促使大氣變暖。這種拉鋸戰(zhàn)對氣候系統(tǒng)的影響可能極其難以理清?！笨芍猼ug-of-war指全球變暖以及云層增加導(dǎo)致地面降溫，太陽變暗的相互作用。故D項正確。

2.觀點態(tài)度題。由第二段“Atthesametime,notaskcouldbemoreurgent.Forifglobalpollutionhashelpedkeepglobalwarmingincheck…與此同時，沒有比這更緊迫的任務(wù)了。因為如果全球污染助長了全球變暖的話……?！笨芍茖W(xué)家認為當(dāng)前的氣候形勢是十分嚴峻的。故A項正確。

3.推理判斷題。通讀最后一段“Solardimming,inotherwords,isaproblemstillintheprocessofbeingdefined,andasitsdimensionsbecomeclearer,sowillthenatureofthechallengetheworldfaces.Althoughscientistshavedonealotofthinkingaboutglobalwarming,theyarejustbeginningtograpplewiththeproblemofhowglobalwarmingandsolardimminginteract.換句話說，太陽變暗仍然是一個仍在界定過程中的問題，隨著它的范圍變得更清楚，世界所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)的性質(zhì)也將更清楚。盡管科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)對全球變暖做了很多思考，但他們剛剛開始解決全球變暖和太陽變暗如何相互作用的問題。”可知太陽變暗這個問題，科學(xué)家們還才剛剛開始研究，還有很多東西需要了解。最后以Ramanthan的話結(jié)尾，那么結(jié)尾語應(yīng)該與上文呼應(yīng)，即太陽變暗這個問題，還才開始，比較難以處理。故B項正確。

4.推理判斷題。通讀第四段“Why?Thesepollutants,whichtaketheformoftiny,airborneparticlescalledaerosols,actasnucleiaroundwhichclouddropletsform.Theproblemis,therearetoomanyaerosolsintheatmospherecompetingforwatermolecules,sotheclouddropletsthatformaretoosmallandneverbecomeweightyenoughtofalltotheground.Asaresult,saysBeateLiepert,anatmosphericphysicistatColumbiaUniversity’sLamont-DohertyEarthObservatory,theatmospherecouldbefilledwithmoisturewhileEarth’ssurfacethirstsforrain.為什么?這些污染物以被稱為氣溶膠的微小空氣微粒的形式存在，它們充當(dāng)云滴形成的核心。問題是，大氣中有太多的懸浮顆粒在爭奪水分子，所以形成的云滴太小，永遠不會重到足以落到地面。哥倫比亞大學(xué)拉蒙特-多爾蒂地球觀測站的大氣物理學(xué)家貝亞特?利佩特說，這樣一來，大氣層就會充滿水分，而地球表面卻渴望雨水。”可知A項“地球缺少雨水”是結(jié)果，而非原因。B項“污染物的增加”，C項“云滴的形成”，D項“云滴的重量較輕”都是導(dǎo)致地球大氣層溫度低的原因。

5.推理判斷題。本文最后一段提到對于太陽變暗這個問題?？茖W(xué)家的研究還才剛開始，還有很多東西不了解，故C項“在太陽變暗這個問題的研究上還有很長的路要走”正確。

15.單選題

Diasporanetworks—ofHuguenots,Scots,Jewsandmanyothers—havealwaysbeenapotenteconomicforce,butthecheapnessandeaseofmoderntravelhasmadethemlargerandmorenumerousthaneverbefore.Therearenow215mfirst-generationmigrantsaroundtheworld:that’s3%oftheworld’spopulation.Iftheywereanation,itwouldbe:littlelargerthanBrazil.TherearemoreChinesepeoplelivingoutsideChinathanthereareFrenchpeopleinFrance.Some22mIndiansarescatteredallovertheglobe.Smallconcentrationsofethnicandlinguisticgroupshavealwaysbeenfoundinsurprisingplaces.

Thesenetworksofkinshipandlanguagemakeiteasiertodobusinessacrossborders.Theyspeedtheflowofinformation:aChinesetraderinIndonesiawhospotsagapinthemarketforcheapumbrellaswillalerthiscousininShenzhenwhoknowssomeonewhorunsanumbrellafactory.Kinshiptiesfostertrust,sotheycansealthedealandgettheunbrellastoJakartabeforetherainyseasonends.Trustmatters,especiallyinemergingmarketswheretheruleoflawisweak.Sodoesaknowledgeofthelocalculture.ThatiswhysomuchforeigndirectinvestmentinChinastillpassesthroughtheChinesediaspora.Andmoderncommunicationsmakethesenetworksanevenmorepowerfultoolofbusiness.Diasporasalsohelpspreadideas.Manyoftheemergingworld’sbrightestmindsareeducatedatWesternuniversities.Anincreasingnumbergohome,takingwiththembothknowledgeandcontacts.IndiancomputerscientistsinBangalorebounceideasconstantlyofftheirIndianfriendsinSiliconValley.Diasporasspreadmoney,too.Migrantsintorichcountriesnotonlysendcashtotheirfamilies;theyalsohelpcompaniesintheirhostcountryoperateintheirhomecountry.AHarvardBusinessSchoolstudyshowsthatAmericancompaniesthatemploylotsofethnicChinesepeoplefinditmucheasiertosetupinChinawithoutajointventurewithalocalfirm.

Suchargumentsareunlikelytomakemuchheadwayagainsthostilitytowardsimmigrantsinrichcountries.Furyagainstforeignersisusuallybasedontwonotions:thatbecausesomanymigrantsclaimwelfaretheyareadrainonthepublicpurse;andthatbecausetheyarepreparedtoworkharderforlesspaytheywilldepressthewagesofthoseatthebottomofthepile.

Thefirstisusuallynottrue,andthesecondishardtoestablisheitherway.Somestudiesdoindeedsuggestthatcompetitionfromunskilledimmigrantsdepressesthewagesofunskilledlocals.Butothersfindthiseffecttobesmallornon-existent.Norisitpossibletoestablishtheimpactofmigrationonoverallgrowth.Thesumsaresimplytoodifficult.Yettherearegoodreasonsforbelievingthatitislikelytobepositive.Migrantstendtobehard-workingandinnovative.Thatspursproductivityandcompanyformation.And,bylinkingtheWestwithemergingmarkets,diasporashelprichcountriestoplugintofast-growingeconomies.

Richcountriesarethuslikelytobenefitfromlooserimmigrationpolicy;andfearsthatpoorcountrieswillsufferasaresultofa“braindrain”areoverblown.Theprospectofworkingabroadspursmorepeopletoacquirevaluableskills,andnotallsubsequentlyemigrate.Skilledmigrantssendmoneyhome,andtheyoftenreturntosetupnewbusinesses.Onestudyfoundthatunlesstheylosemorethan20%oftheiruniversitygraduates,thebraindrainmakespoorcountriesricher.

Governmentaswellasbusinessgainsfromthespreadofideasthroughdiasporas.Asfortheoldworld,itsdesiretocloseitsbordersisunderstandablebutdangerous.Migrationbringsyouthtoageingcountries,andallowsideastocirculateinmillionsofmobileminds.Thatisgoodbothforthosewhoarrivewithsuitcasesanddreamsandforthosewhoshouldwelcomethem.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestdefines“diasporanetworks”?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueconcerningthemeritsofdiaspora?

3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsdiaspora?

4.Inparagraph6theword“overblown”mostlikelyrefersto（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorseemstosuggestEXCEPT（）.

問題1選項

A.Thetiesoftravelers,immigrants,emigrants,etc.

B.Socialconnectionsofpeoplewhoaredispersedfromtheirhomeland.

C.Thesenseofkinshipfeltbyethnicminoritiesorpeoplefromdevelopingcountries.

D.Thesocialtiesofmigrantsresidinginvariedcountries.

問題2選項

A.Itfacilitatesinformationacquisition.

B.Itprovidesemergingcountrieswithmoreknowledgeandtechnologies.

C.Itstimulatestheestablishmentofforeign-fundedenterprisesinmigrants’homecountry.

D.ItinfusesenergyintotheWesternworld.

問題3選項

A.favorable

B.neutral

C.critical

D.ambiguous

問題4選項

A.devastating

B.blooming

C.exaggerated

D.out-dated

問題5選項

A.braindrainwillmakepoorcountriesricherthanbeforeifundercontrol

B.seaturtlesarewillingtobuildamoredemocraticcountry

C.thedevelopedcountryshouldbetoleranttowardsmigrants

D.workingabroadisalluringtopeopleallaroundtheworld

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。全文講到diasporanetworks都是說的移民者之間的關(guān)系，在第二段中aChinesetraderinIndonesiawhospotsagapinthemarketforcheapumbrellaswillalerthiscousininShenzhenwhoknowssomeonewhorunsanumbrellafactory.（一個在印度尼西亞的中國商人發(fā)現(xiàn)了廉價雨傘市場的缺口，就會提醒他在深圳的表哥，而他的表哥認識一個開傘廠的人。）因此B選項“背井離鄉(xiāng)的人們的社會聯(lián)系”是最佳答案，原文也有講述很多關(guān)于離開家鄉(xiāng)的人在異國的發(fā)展，以及和家鄉(xiāng)的聯(lián)系