2018年專業(yè)英語八級考試真題

2018年專業(yè)英語八級真題試卷PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION[25MIN]SECTIONAMINI-LECTUREONLY.WhilectionONLY.Whilehearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.Whilelisteningtomini-lecture,pleasecompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONEandwriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachgap.Makesureyoufillinisbothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayusetheblanksheetfornote-taking.YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthegap-fillingtask.Nowlistentothemini-lecture.Whenitisover,youwillbegivenTHREEminutestocheckyourwork.SECTIONBINTERVIEWinterview.Theparts.Atsaid.Bothinterview.Theinterview.TheinterviewwillbedividedintoTWOparts.Attheendofeachpart,fivequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.BoththeinterviewandthequestionswillbespokenONCEONLY.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeaten-secondpause.Duringthepause,youshouldreadthefourchoicesofA),B),C)andD),andmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthechoices.Now,listentothefirstinterview.Questions1to5arebasedonPartOneoftheinterview.Nowlistentotheinterview.1.A.Announcementofresults.B.Lackofatimeschedule.C.Slownessinballotscounting.D.Directionoftheelectoralevents.2.A.OthervoiceswithinAfghanistanwantedso.B.Thedatehadbeensetpreviously.C.Alltheballotshadbeencounted.D.TheUNadvisedthemtodoso.3.A.Tocalmthevoters.B.Tospeeduptheprocess.C.Tosticktotheelectionrules.D.Tostopcomplaintsfromthelabor.4.A.Unacceptable.B.Unreasonable.C.Insensible.D.Illconsidered.5.A.Supportive.B.Ambivalent.C.Opposed.D.Neutral.NowlisteningtoPartTwooftheinterview.Questions6to10arebasedonPartTwooftheinterview.6.A.Ensurethegovernmentincludesallparties.B.Discusswhoisgoingtobethewinner.C.Supervisethecountingofvotes.D.Seeksupportfromimportantsectors.7.A.36%-24%.B.46%-34%.C.56%-44%.D.66%-54%.8.A.Bothcandidates.B.Electoralinstitutions.C.TheUnitedNations.D.Notspecified.9.A.Itwasunheardof.B.Itwasonasmallscale.C.Itwasinsignificant.D.Itoccurredelsewhere.10.A.Problemsintheelectoralprocess.B.Formationofanewgovernment.C.Prematureannouncementofresults.D.DemocracyinAfghanistan.PARTⅡREADINGCOMPREHENSION[25MIN]SECTIONAMULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONSInthissectiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbyfourteenmultiplechoicequestions.Foreachmultiplechoicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEETTWO.PASSAGEONE(1)―Britain’sbestexport,‖IwastoldbytheDepartmentofImmigrationinCanberra,―ispeople.‖Closeon100,000peoplehaveappliedforassistedpassagesinthefirstfivemonthsoftheyear,andhalfoftheseareeventuallyexpectedtomigratetoAustralia.(2)TheAustralianaredelighted.TheyarekeenlywarethatwithoutastrongflowofimmigrantsintotheworkforcethedevelopmentoftheAustralianeconomyisunlikelytoproceedattheambitiouspacecurrentlyenvisaged.Thenewmineraldiscoveriespromiseasplendidfuture,andtheinjectionofhugeamountsofAmericanandBritishcapitalshouldhelptoensurethattheyareproperlyexploited,butwithunemploymentinAustraliadowntolessthan1.3percent,thegovernmentisunderstandablyanxioustoattractmoreskilledlabor.(3)AustraliaisroughlythesamesizeasthecontinentalUnitedStates,buthasonlytwelvemillioninhabitants.Migrationhasaccountedforhalfthepopulationincreaseinthelastfouryears,andhascontributedgreatlytothecountry’simpressiveeconomicdevelopment.Britainhasalwaysbeentheprincipalsource–ninetypercentofAustraliansareofBritishdescent,andBritainhasprovidedonemillionmigrantssincetheSecondWorldWar.(4)Australiahasalsogivengreatattentiontorecruitingpeopleelsewhere.Australiansdecidedtheyhadanexcellentpotentialsourceofapplicantsamongtheso-called―guestworkers‖whohavecrossedtheirownfrontierstoworkinotherartsofEurope.Therewereestimatedtobemorethanfourmillionofthem,andalargenumberwereofferedsubsidizedpassagesandguaranteedjobsinAustralia.Italyhasforsomeyearsbeenthesecondbiggestsourceofmigrants,andtheAustralianshavealsomanagedtoattractalargenumberofGreeksandGermans.(5)Onedrawbackwiththem,sofarastheAustraliansareconcerned,isthatintegrationtendstobemoredifficult.UnliketheBritish,continentalmigrantshavetostrugglewithanunfamiliarlanguageandnewcustoms.ManynaturallygravitatetowardstheItalianorGreekcommunitieswhichhavegrownupincitiessuchasSydneyandMelbourne.Thesecolonieshavetheirownnewpers,theirownshops,andtheirownclubs.TheirhabitantsarenotAustralians,butEuropeans.(6)Thegovernment’savowedaim,however,istomaintain―asubstantiallyhomogeneoussocietyintowhichnewcomers,fromwhateversources,willmergethemselves‖.Byandlarge,therefore,AustraliastillprefersBritishmigrants,andtendstoberatherlessselectiveintheircasethanitiswithothers.(7)Afarbiggercauseofconcernsthanthegrowthofnationalgroups,however,istheincreasingnumberofmigrantswhoreturntotheircountriesoforigin.Onereasonisthatpeoplenowadaystendtobemoremobile,andthatitiseasierthaninthepasttosavethereturnfare,buteconomicconditionsalsohavesomethingtodowithit.Aslowerrateofgrowthinvariablyproducesdiscontent–andifthiscoincideswithgreaterprosperityinEurope,alotofpeopletendtofeelthatperhapstheywerewrongtocomehereafterall.(8)Severalsurveyshavebeenconductedrecentlyintothereasonswhypeoplegohome.Onenotedthat―flies,dirt,andoutsidelavatories‖wereonthelistofcomplaintsfromBritishimmigrants,andaddedthatmanypeoplealsocomplainedabout―thecrudity,badmanners,andunfriendlinessoftheAustralians‖.Anothersurveygaveclimateconditions,homesickness,and―thestarkappearanceoftheAustraliancountryside‖asthemainreasonsforleaving.(9)MostBritishmigrantsmisscouncilhousingtheNationalHealthscheme,andtheirrelativesandformerneighbor.Lonelinessisabigfactor,especiallyamonghousewives.Themensoonmakenewfriendsatwork,butwivestendtofinditmuchhardertogetusedtoadifferentwayoflife.Manyarehouseboundbecauseofinadequatepublictransportinmostoutlyingsuburbs,andregularcorrespondencewiththeiroldfriendsathomeonlyservestoincreasetheirdiscontent.Onehousewifewasquotedrecentlyassaying:―IevenfindImissthepeopleIusedtohateathome.‖(10)Rentarehigh,andtherearelongwaitinglistsforHousingCommissionhomes.Sicknesscanbeanexpensivebusinessandtheclimatecanbeunexpectedlyrough.ThegapbetweenAustralianandBritishwagepacketsisnolongerbig,andpeoplearegenerallyexpectedtoworkharderherethantheydoathome.Professionalmenoverfortyoftenhavedifficultyinfindingadecentjob.Aboveall,perhaps,skilledimmigrantsoftenfindsaconsiderablereluctancetoaccepttheirqualifications.(11)AccordingtothejournalAustralianManufacturer,theattitudeofmanyemployersandfellowworkersisanythingbutfriendly.―WeAustralians,‖itstatedinarecentissue,―arejusttoofondofpaintingtherosypictureofthebig,warm-heartedAussie.Asamatteroffact,wearesobusyblowingourowntrumpetsthatwehavenotnottimetobewarm-heartedandconsiderate.Godown―heart-breakalley‖amongsomeofthemigrantsandfindoutjusthowexpansivetheAussieistohisimmigrants.‖11.TheAustralianswantastrongflowofimmigrantsbecause.A.ImmigrantsspeedupeconomicexpansionB.unemploymentisdowntoalowfigureC.immigrantsattractforeigncapitalD.AustraliaisaslargeastheUnitedStates12.AustraliaprefersimmigrantsfromBritainbecause.A.theyareselectedcarefullybeforeentryB.theyarelikelytoformnationalgroupsC.theyeasilymergeintolocalcommunitiesD.theyarefondoflivinginsmalltowns13.InexplainingwhysomemigrantsreturntoEuropetheauthor.A.stressestheireconomicmotivesB.emphasizesthevarietyoftheirmotivesC.stresseslonelinessandhomesicknessD.emphasizesthedifficultiesofmenoverforty14.whichofthefollowingwordsisusedliterally,notmetaphorically?A.―flow‖(Para.2).B.―injection‖(Para.2).C.―gravitate‖(Para.5).D.―selective‖(Para.6).15.Para.11picturestheAustraliansas.A.unsympatheticB.ungenerousC.undemonstrativeD.unreliablePASSAGETWO(1)Someoftheadvantagesofbilingualismincludebetterperformanceattasksinvolving―executivefunction‖(whichinvolvesthebrain’sabilitytoplanandprioritize),betterdefenseagainstdementiainoldageand—theobvious—theabilitytospeakasecondlanguage.Onepurportedadvantagewasnotmentioned,though.Manymultilingualsreportdifferentpersonalities,orevendifferentworldviews,whentheyspeaktheirdifferentlanguages.(2)It’sanexcitingnotion,theideathatone’sveryselfcouldbebroadenedbythemasteryoftwoormorelanguages.Inobviousways(exposuretonewfriends,literatureandsoforth)theselfreallyisbroadened.Yetitisdifferenttoclaim—asmanypeopledo—tohaveadifferentpersonalitywhenusingadifferentlanguage.AformerEconomistcolleague,forexample,reportedbeingruderinHebrewthaninEnglish.Sowhatisgoingonhere?(3)BenjaminLeeWhorf,anAmericanlinguistwhodiedin1941,heldthateachlanguageencodesaworldviewthatsignificantlyinfluencesitsspeakers.Oftencalled―Whorfianism‖,thisideahasitssceptics,buttherearestillgoodreasonstobelievelanguageshapesthought.(4)Thisinfluenceisnotnecessarilylinkedtothevocabularyorgrammarofasecondlanguage.Significantly,mostpeoplearenotsymmetricallybilingual.Manyhavelearnedonelanguageathomefromparents,andanotherlaterinlife,usuallyatschool.Sobilingualsusuallyhavedifferentstrengthsandweaknessesintheirdifferentlanguages—andtheyarenotalwaysbestintheirfirstlanguage.Forexample,whentestedinaforeignlanguage,peoplearelesslikelytofallintoacognitivetrap(answeringatestquestionwithanobvious-seemingbutwronganswer)thanwhentestedintheirnativelanguage.Inpartthisisbecauseworkinginasecondlanguageslowsdownthethinking.Nowonderpeoplefeeldifferentwhenspeakingthem.Andnowondertheyfeellooser,morespontaneous,perhapsmoreassertiveorfunnierorblunter,inthelanguagetheywererearedinfromchildhood.(5)Whatof―crib‖bilinguals,raisedintwolanguages?Eventheydonotusuallyhaveperfectlysymmetricalcompetenceintheirtwolanguages.Butevenforaspeakerwhosetwolanguagesareverynearlythesameinability,thereisanotherbigreasonthatpersonwillfeeldifferentinthetwolanguages.Thisisbecausethereisanimportantdistinctionbetweenbilingualismandbiculturalism.(6)Manybilingualsarenotbicultural.Butsomeare.Andofthosebiculturalbilinguals,weshouldbelittlesurprisedthattheyfeeldifferentintheirtwolanguages.Experimentsinpsychologyhaveshownthepowerof―priming‖—smallunnoticedfactorsthatcanaffectbehaviorinbigways.Askingpeopletotellahappystory,forexample,willputtheminabettermood.Thechoicebetweentwolanguagesisahugeprime.SpeakingnishratherthanEnglish,forabilingualandbiculturalPuertoRicaninNewYork,mightconjurefeelingsoffamilyandhome.SwitchingtoEnglishmightprimethesamepersontothinkofschoolandwork.(7)Sotherearetwoverygoodreasons(asymmetricalability,andpriming)thatmakepeoplefeeldifferentspeakingtheirdifferentlanguages.Wearestillleftwithathirdkindofargument,though.AneconomistrecentlyinterviewedhereatProspero,AthanasiaChalari,saidforexamplethat:Greeksareveryloudandtheyinterrupteachotherveryoften.ThereasonforthatistheGreekgrammarandsyntax.WhenGreekstalktheybegintheirsentenceswithverbsandtheformoftheverbincludesalotofinformationsoyoualreadyknowwhattheyaretalkingaboutafterthefirstwordandcaninterruptmoreeasily.(8)IstheresomethingintrinsictotheGreeklanguagethatencouragesGreekstointerrupt?Peopleseemtoenjoytellingtalesabouttheirlanguages'inherentproperties,andhowtheyinfluencetheirspeakers.AgroupofFrenchintellectualworthiesonceproposed,ratherself-flatteringly,thatFrenchbethesolelegallanguageoftheEU,becauseofitssupposedlyunmatchablerigorandprecision.SomeGermansbelievethatfrequentlyputtingtheverbattheendofasentencemakesthelanguageespeciallylogical.Butlanguagemythsarenotalwaysself-flattering:manyspeakersthinktheirlanguagesareunusuallyillogicalordifficult—witnesstheplethoraofbooksalongthelinesof"OnlyinEnglishdoyouparkonadrivewayanddriveonaparkway;Englishmustbethecraziestlanguageintheworld!"Wealsoseesomeunsurprisingoverlapwithnationalstereotypesandself-stereotypes:French,rigorous;German,logical;English,playful.Ofcourse.(9)Inthiscase,MsChalari,ascholar,atleastproposedaspecificandplausiblelineofcausationfromgrammartopersonality:inGreek,theverbcomesfirst,anditcarriesalotofinformation,henceeasyinterrupting.Theproblemisthatmanyunrelatedlanguagesallaroundtheworldputtheverbatthebeginningofsentences.Manylanguagesallaroundtheworldareheavilyinflected,encodinglotsofinformationinverbs.Itwouldbeastrikingfindingifalloftheseunrelatedlanguageshadspeakersmorepronetointerruptingeachother.Welsh,forexample,isalsobothverb-firstandaboutasheavilyinflectedasGreek,buttheWelsharenotknownaspushyconversationalists.16.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingadvantagesofbilingualismiscommonlyaccepted?A.Personalityimprovement.B.Bettertaskperformance.C.Changeofworldviews.D.Avoidanceofold-agedisease.17.Accordingtothepassage,thatlanguageinfluencesthoughtmayberelatedto.A.thevocabularyofasecondlanguageB.thegrammarofasecondlanguageC.theimprovedtestperformanceinasecondlanguageD.theslowdownofthinkinginasecondlanguage18.Whatistheauthor’sresponsetothequestionatthebeginningofPara.8?A.It’sjustoneofthepopulartalesofnationalstereotypes.B.Somepropertiesinherentcanmakealanguagelogical.C.GermanandFrencharegoodexamplesofWhorfianism.D.Thereisadequateevidencetosupportapositiveanswer.19.WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningPara.9iscorrect?A.Ms.Chalari’stheoryabouttheGreeklanguageiswellgrounded.B.Speakersofmanyotherlanguagesarealsopronetointerrupting.C.Grammarisunnecessarilyaconditionforchangeinpersonality.D.Manyunrelatedlanguagesdon’thavethesamefeaturesasGreek.20.Indiscussingtheissue,theauthor’sattitudeis.A.satiricalB.objectiveC.criticalD.ambivalentPASSAGETHREE(1)Onceacrosstheriverandintothewholesaledistrict,sheglancedaboutherforsomelikelydooratwhichtoapply.Asshecontemplatedthewidewindowsandimposingsigns,shebecameconsciousofbeinggazeduponandunderstoodforwhatshewas-awage-seeker.Shehadneverdonethisthingbefore,andlackedcourage.Toavoidacertainindefinableshameshefeltatbeingcaughtspyingaboutforaposition,shequickenedherstepsandassumedanairofindifferencesupposedlycommontooneuponanerrand.Inthiswayshepassedmanymanufacturingandwholesalehouseswithoutonceglancingin.Atlast,afterseveralblocksofwalking,shefeltthatthiswouldnotdo,andbegantolookaboutagain,thoughwithoutrelaxingherpace.Alittlewayonshesawagreatdoorwhich,forsomereason,attractedherattention.Itwasornamentedbyasmallbrasssign,andseemedtobetheentrancetoavasthiveofsixorsevenfloors."Perhaps,"shethought,"theymaywantsomeone,"andcrossedovertoenter.Whenshecamewithinascoreoffeetofthedesiredgoal,shesawthroughthewindowayoungmaninagreycheckedsuit.Thathehadanythingtodowiththeconcern,shecouldnottell,butbecausehehappenedtobelookinginherdirectionherweakeningheartmisgaveherandshehurriedby,tooovercomewithshametoenter.Overthewaystoodagreatsix-storystructure,labelledStormandKing,whichsheviewedwithrisinghope.Itwasawholesaledrygoodsconcernandemployedwomen.Shecouldseethemmovingaboutnowandthenupontheupperfloors.Thisplaceshedecidedtoenter,nomatterwhat.Shecrossedoverandwalkeddirectlytowardtheentrance.Asshedidso,twomencameoutandpausedinthedoor.Atelegraphmessengerinbluedashedpastherandupthefewstepsthatledtotheentranceanddisappeared.Severalpedestriansoutofthehurryingthrongwhichfilledthesidewalkspassedaboutherasshepaused,hesitating.Shelookedhelplesslyaround,andthen,seeingherselfobserved,retreated.Itwastoodifficultatask.Shecouldnotgopastthem.(2)Sosevereadefeattoldsadlyuponhernerves.Herfeetcarriedhermechanicallyforward,everyfootofherprogressbeingasatisfactoryportionofaflightwhichshegladlymade.Blockafterblockpassedby.UponstreetlampsatthevariouscornersshereadnamessuchasMadison,Monroe,LaSalle,Clark,Dearborn,State,andstillshewent,herfeetbeginningtotireuponthebroadstoneflagging.Shewaspleasedinpartthatthestreetswerebrightandclean.Themorningsun,shiningdownwithsteadilyincreasingwarmth,madetheshadysideofthestreetspleasantlycool.Shelookedattheblueskyoverheadwithmorerealizationofitscharmthanhadevercometoherbefore.(3)Hercowardicebegantotroubleherinaway.Sheturnedback,resolvingtohuntupStormandKingandenter.Ontheway,sheencounteredagreatwholesaleshoecompany,throughthebroadplatewindowsofwhichshesawanenclosedexecutivedepartment,hiddenbyfrostedglass.Withoutthisenclosure,butjustwithinthestreetentrance,satagrey-hairedgentlemanatasmalltable,withalargeopenledgerbeforehim.Shewalkedbythisinstitutionseveraltimeshesitating,but,findingherselfunobserved,falteredpastthescreendoorandstoodhumblewaiting.(4)"Well,younglady,"observedtheoldgentleman,lookingathersomewhatkindly,"whatisityouwish?"(5)"Iam,thatis,doyou--Imean,doyouneedanyhelp?"shestammered.(6)"Notjustatpresent,"heansweredsmiling."Notjustatpresent.Comeinsometimenextweek.Occasionallyweneedsomeone."(7)Shereceivedtheanswerinsilenceandbackedawkwardlyout.Thepleasantnatureofherreceptionratherastonishedher.Shehadexpectedthatitwouldbemoredifficult,thatsomethingcoldandharshwouldbesaid--sheknewnotwhat.Thatshehadnotbeenputtoshameandmadetofeelherunfortunateposition,seemedremarkable.Shedidnotrealizethatsame.Sheustthiswhichmadeherexperienceeasy,buttheresultwasthesame.Shefeltgreatlyrelieved.(8)Somewhatencouraged,sheventuredintoanotherlargestructure.Itwasaclothingcompany,andmorepeoplewereinevidence.(9)Anofficeboyapproachedher.(10)"Whoisityouwishtosee?"heasked.(11)"Iwanttoseethemanager,"shereturned.(12)Heranawayandspoketooneofagroupofthreemenwhowereconferringtogether.Oneofthesecametowardsher.(13)"Well?"hesaidcoldly.Thegreetingdroveallcouragefromheratonce.(14)"Doyouneedanyhelp?"shestammered.(15)"No,"herepliedabruptly,andturneduponhisheel.(16)Shewentfoolishlyout,theofficeboydeferentiallyswingingthedoorforher,andgladlysankintotheobscuringcrowd.Itwasaseveresetbacktoherrecentlypleasedmentalstate.21.Shequickenedherstepsbecauseshe.A.wasafraidofbeingseenasastrangerB.wasinahurrytoleavethedistrictC.wantedtolooklikesomeoneworkingthereD.wantedtoapplyatmorefactoriesthatday22.Whydidn’tsheenterStormandKingthefirsttime?A.ShewastootimidtoenterthebuildingB.TwomenstoppedherattheentranceC.SeveralpedestrianshadfoundherstrangeD.Themessengerhadclosedthedoorbehindhim23.Whatdoes―everyfootofherprogressbeingasatisfactoryportionofaflightwhichshegladlymade‖meanaccordingtothecontext(Para.2)?A.Shethoughtshewasmakingprogressinjobsearch.B.Shewasgladthatshewaslookingforajob.C.Shefoundherexperiencesatisfactory.D.Shejustwantedtoleavetheplace.24.Whydidshefeelgreatlyrelieved(Para.7)?A.Sheeventuallymanagedtoenterthebuilding.B.Shewaskindlyreceivedbytheclerk.C.Shehadthecouragetomakeaninquiry.D.Shewaspromisedaworkposition.SECTIONBSHORTANSWERQUESTIONSInthissectionthereareeightshortanswerquestionsbasedonthepassagesinSECTIONA.AnswereachquestioninNOMORETHANTENWORDSintheceprovidedonANSWERSHEETTWO.PASSAGEONE25.Whatdo―promise‖and―should‖inPara.2implyaboutauthor’svisionofAustralia’seconomy?26.Explainthemeaningof―thegrowthofnationalgroups‖accordingtothecontext(Para.7).PASSAGETWO27.Explainthemeaningof―Thechoicebetweentwolanguagesisahugeprime.‖accordingtothecontext(Para.6)28.Whatreasonsdoestheauthorgivetoexplainwhypeoplefeeldifferentwhenspeakingdiffer