虛擬現(xiàn)實技術(shù)虛擬校園中英文對照外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)

1、中英文資料對照外文翻譯Creating a presentation for the web that drastically differs from standard ones is still a challenge andrepresents a milestone for many research groups. Virtual university campuses together with virtuallearning represent one of these challenges, because it fuses in-place learning with Vir

2、tual Learningor education.In this paper we present the in house development of the Virtual Campus for South East EuropeanUniversity，the design methodologies ，implementation experience ，results and possibilities.KeywordsVirtual ， Virtual ， 3-D ModelingVirtual Worlds are environments that tend to look

3、 like the physical world and they create a sense ofa place where a user can communicate, navigate, and do various things according to its navigationpreferences. Virtual worlds have traditionally been developed as games, but lately as virtualcampuses, museums or libraries. The virtual campus is an ed

4、ucational community that focuses onincreasing student access to quality services. A SEEU virtual campus has been developed in theComputer Science and Technologies Department at the SEEU and it is based on the concept ofvirtual worlds. Few universities 5 offer a 3-D Modeling of physical facilities. I

5、nstead most ofthem are simple web sites, offering information and services in traditional way (virtual education)29. Enriching the web with graphic possibilities rather than using the traditional approach, hasbeen the milestone since from its very beginning. Crafting a web that will be able to prese

6、nt 3-Dmodels in different ways is still a challenge. The new trends in 3- Modeling and web, emerged withnew concepts and technologies concerning offering better services to customers. This new trend didnot overpass universities as well. Educators and students from various research areas run to explo

7、re,present and collaborate their ideas in 3D.In this paper we present a design methodology and implementation of a virtual campus that allowsstudents to virtually move around the 3-Dimensional world, as well as interact with it. Theobjectives of the SEEU Virtual Campus actually aim to contribute to

8、the modernization agenda ofuniversities, trying to give relatively new approach by putting users in a virtual 3-D environmentand trying to provide him with the necessary information. Approaches not found in 2, 4, 9 . Otherapproaches like Second life 8 use a complete new infrastructure and different

9、protocols(secondlife protocol) that makes it impossible for usage by ordinary web users without installingnew software and protocols that second life demands.The main goal of the SEEU virtual campus is to create a 3-D virtual world based on an existentinfrastructure and protocols that web provides,

10、making it this way more usable and accessible. Theclient that SEEU Virtual campus uses is light weight, easy to install and built upon existent webprotocols (http).The rest of this paper is organized as follows: In section 1, a brief introduction and main goal ofvirtual campus is presented. In Secti

11、on 2, In section 3, the experience of the project team duringimplementation is presented . Section 4 presents the results and outcomes of the Virtual Campuswith several possibilities and directions for enriching it with new features and section 5 concludesthis paper.We generally understand virtual w

12、orlds as a collection of digital media units. People are familiarwith hypertext, digital images, digital audio and video, and 3D modeling as presentation tools. Thedesign materials of virtual architecture emerge and take effect during different design processes 1.The stages of the design of our Virt

13、ual Campus are grouped into three categories: metaphoricaldesign, analogical design, and implementation.Metaphorical Design: Through the use of metaphor, we express the concepts in one domain in termsof another domain. Until now, known metaphors are: Giant Brain, Information Superhighway andMultiple

14、 Metaphors 1. Designing a Virtual Campus falls in the group of Multiple Metaphorstogether with Digital Library, Electronic Mail and Electronic Marketplace. Using this metaphor, allof these subgroups allows users to interact with the virtual environment.Analogical Design: It deals with using the curr

15、ent design in order to create new insights andpossibilities for further enhancements and adaptation for a new design 1. In this stage, the physicalarchitecture of SEEU has been adopted to satisfy the needs of virtual architecture. First step wasproviding the 2-D map of the University upon which the

16、3-D model will be built. Second step ofthis stage was incorporating the map into our chosen software.Implementation: The software solution was developed using Google SketchUp 3 and differentdesign materials listed below.2.1Design MaterialsThe types of digital media relevant to virtual architecture i

17、nclude: text, digital images, framed basedanimation, 3D Modeling 7.Text: using text is very important because it affects the users of the virtual world. At our University,official languages are Albanian, Macedonian and English; for that reason all used texts are writtenin the three languages mention

18、ed above.Digital Images: Here we refer to digital images as raster or bitmapped images, represented incomputer memory as an array of discrete bits of information where each bit specifies color andintensity 6. Digital images are used to represent the environment out of the Campus in order togive a mo

19、re real look to the Virtual one that we have designed.Framed-based animation: An animated picture is a sequence of images that are displayed in a fixedorder. The frames may be produced by sampling with a movie or video camera 12. A movie file ofthe Virtual Campus has been created which is used in di

20、fferent presentations held in our University.3D Modeling: 3D models are the basic resources for producing 3D animation. If the frames of ananimated picture are captured by generating a sequence of projected and rendered views from a 3Dmodel, then it will produce 3D animation. Therefore, 3D animation

21、 is the postproduction of 3Dchanginganimation methods or camera views and paths 12. A camera is placed at the front door of theVirtual University which helps the users to walk around the Campus as a visualized place.In the design of the Virtual Campus we have involved users on every stage of SEEU vi

22、rtual campusimplementation. We have identified three main stages of implementation where users feedback wasvaluable. These stages can be summarized as follows.The first stage is defined as preliminary research stage where we analyze and choose the softwareand its essential features, collect books an

23、d other needed resources like digital camera, campus map,building wall textures etc. As project team we decided to use Google SketchUp because, comparingto other technologies it characterized itself with simplicity, efficiency and scalability.The second stage is defined as testing stage of the first

24、 draft. This draft was presented to 60 studentswho are taking the Computer Graphic course. The questions raised were:How do you evaluate the overall look of SEEU Virtual Campus?How easy do you find the navigation within VC?They like to walk around their visualized universityThe third stage is define

25、d as finalization stage. At this stage we had the final design which waspresented to a broader audience. The feedback from audience and users indicated that:They liked the general look of the virtual campusThey prefer to use the virtual campus during the University marketing campaign3.IMPLEMENTATION

26、The design of The Virtual Campus is originally based on the virtual world concept. Understandingthe realization of a project, words are abstract ones, if they are not realized in work. This part, hasbeen dealing with description of the steps for implementing the campus itself.The first needed thing

27、was to know about the exact margins of the overall campus. The discussionwas done with the responsible university staff, which gave us the sketch of the content that weplanned to realize. After this, the mapping could be started.The mapping, defined the general parameters that came from the sketch.

28、The mapping has beendone in two dimensional environments. At this point, the size of the fields was defined, in base ofthe wideness and distance of every object from one another. It started with the landscape, afterthat with the roads, and finally to be finished3.2 Object extrusionOnce the mapping w

29、as completed, the definition of wireframe objects, by raising them in a certainaxes was performed. This process is known as object extrusion which creates fully scaled 3Dobjects.3.3 Surface Definitions and Hidden Surface RemovalWireframe object as shown on figure 2 are suitable only for modeling, bu

30、t not for generalpresentation. The next stage is defining the sides of surfaces as well as hiding surfaces that are notvisible. A technique which is widely knows as hidden surface removal. With this technique objectsgain depth relative to each other.3.4 Texture MappingThe last part of the implementa

31、tion, surely the most eye valuable, was texture mapping. The maingoal was to make as much as appropriate color definition to the object, and the environment withthe colors they really have. Some of these color definition can be landscapes grassy texture andvegetation, roads and parking lots, as well

32、 as object walls and roofs. Others like, street lights orbenches were just for assistance (See Figure 4 in the following section).The final stage of implementation represents a fully modeled and proportionally scaled virtual SEEUniversity campus. By proportionally scaled models is meant that the siz

33、es of the building arescaled down in accordance with their real proportions in order to give a real 3-D look and feel.Figure 4. shows the completed model of SEEU Virtual Campus.The virtual campus offers a certaindegree of interaction for users in the sense that it can walk through the campus as well

34、 as in everyobject there is additional information concerning its name and purpose.Having in mind that the main purpose of the SEEU Virtual Campus was creating a 3D educationalenvironment for the web. This 3D environment was effectively used for university promotion donein several directions such as

35、:Posting the model in Google Earth system, provided by Google Inc. 11 This stage has alreadybeen completed.Creating a VRML or X3D model of SEEU Virtual Campus that will be presented in the official siteof SEE University. In the mentioned site users will have the possibility to navigate the campus fr

36、omtheir VRML enabled web browsers.Creating animated presentations and video files for commercial and marketing purposes.One video presentation has been already done by using and XML based multimedia language suchas SMIL12. The above mentioned SMIL presentation represents a two minutes guidelines of

37、themain objects in the Virtual Campus with the possibility of multiple repletions. This makes it suitablefor silent background presentations or possibly for commercial spots.The 3-D models on the web are becoming more prevalent from day to day. In this paper wepresented one approach for modeling an

38、online virtual campus dedicated for promoting a university.Possibilities for developing newer versions with richer features always exists. We envision thefurther development of the virtual campus project in the following directions:Increasing interaction in the virtualized campus by adding links wit

39、h media files like audio or video.This can be done by incorporating the so called interaction points. The interaction points arespecific regions in the virtual 3-D world that have specific purpose and include a specific resource(like audio, video or some other resources)Exploring the possibilities o

40、f X3D which is an XML based version of VRML and at the same timeModeling 3-D environments is very interesting and appealing from a user point of view becausethey offer richer and different environments than ordinary web. In this paper we presented such anenvironment used for promoting a university a

41、nd creating more usable and attractive web basedpresentations. The other developing aspects and possibilities mentioned above are subject forfurther research and implementations.摘要創(chuàng)建大大不同于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的環(huán)境仍然是一個挑戰(zhàn)，同時也作為許多研究小組的一個里程碑。虛擬大學(xué)校園與虛擬學(xué)習(xí)代表其中的一個挑戰(zhàn)，因為它融合了實地學(xué)習(xí)與虛擬學(xué)習(xí)或教育。在本文中，我們提出了在室內(nèi)開發(fā)SEEU虛擬校園的設(shè)計方法，實施經(jīng)驗，結(jié)果和可能性。關(guān)

42、鍵詞：虛擬校園，虛擬教育，3-D建模1引言虛擬世界是看起來像物質(zhì)世界并且他們允許用戶通信，導(dǎo)航，根據(jù)喜好做各種事情的環(huán)境。 虛擬世界以前是因游戲開發(fā)的，但最近已涉足虛擬校園，博物館或圖書館。 虛擬校園是一個專注于以優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)提高學(xué)生訪問量的教育社區(qū)。 SEEU 的計算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)系已開發(fā)出虛擬校園，它是基于虛擬世界的概念。有幾所大學(xué)5提供了一個的公用設(shè)施3-D模型。相反，他們大多是簡單的網(wǎng)站，以傳統(tǒng)的方式（虛擬教育）2，4，提供信息和服務(wù)。用圖形的來豐富網(wǎng)絡(luò)而不是使用傳統(tǒng)的方法，從一開始就成為了里程碑。制作出能夠以不同的方式呈現(xiàn) 3-D 模型的網(wǎng)頁仍然是一個難題。3 維建模和網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的新趨勢，出

43、現(xiàn)了新的概念和技術(shù)，為客戶提供更好的服務(wù)。這種新的趨勢并沒有超過立交橋大學(xué)。來自不同的研究領(lǐng)域的教育工作者和學(xué)生運行在 3D探索，提出和合作他們的想法。在本文中，我們提出了能夠讓學(xué)生在 3 維世界模擬游走以及與它進(jìn)行交互的一個虛擬校園設(shè)計方法和實施方案。SEEU 虛擬校園實際上旨在促進(jìn)大學(xué)的現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程，試圖把用戶放在一個虛擬的三維環(huán)境，并給他提供必要的信息的相對較新的方法。文獻(xiàn)2，4，并未提供8 SecondLifeSEEU 它的實用性和易用性。虛擬校園SEEU 使用的是重量輕，易于安裝和建成后存在的Web協(xié)議（HTTP）的客戶端。本文的其余部分安排如下：在第1 部分，提出了一個簡單的介紹和虛

44、擬校園的主要目標(biāo)。在第 2 部分中，我們提出了 SEEU 虛擬校園實施的設(shè)計方法。在第 3 部分，提出了項目實施經(jīng)驗。第 4 節(jié)介紹了幾個新的功能和豐富的可能性和方向的虛擬校園的業(yè)績和成果。第 5 部分總結(jié)本文。2設(shè)計方法我們通常把虛擬世界理解為一個數(shù)字媒體單位的集合。人們所常把超文本，數(shù)字圖像，數(shù)字音頻和視頻，以及 3D 建模作為演示工具。虛擬架構(gòu)的設(shè)計材料的出現(xiàn)，并采取在不同1。虛擬校園的設(shè)計階段分為三類：隱喻設(shè)計，類比設(shè)計和實施。隱喻設(shè)計：通過隱喻的使用，我們在一個域中另一個域表達(dá)概念。到現(xiàn)在為止，已知的隱喻是：巨腦，信息 高速公路和多重隱喻1。 在多重隱喻與數(shù)字圖書館，電子信箱和電子市

45、場下設(shè)計虛擬校園。使用這個比喻，所有這些分組可以讓用戶與虛擬環(huán)境進(jìn)行交互。1 為進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)和適應(yīng)新的見解和可能性。在此階段，SEE 大學(xué)的物理體系結(jié)構(gòu)已被采用，以滿足虛擬架構(gòu)。第一步是提供3-D模型位置的2-D大學(xué)地圖。這個階段的第二步，將地圖做到我們選擇的軟件中去。2。1 設(shè)計材料與虛擬建筑相關(guān)的數(shù)字媒體類型包括：文字，圖像，基于動畫的框架，三維模型 7 。文本：使用文本很重要，因為它影響了虛擬世界的用戶。在我們的大學(xué)，官方語言是阿爾巴尼亞語，馬其頓語和英語；因此所有的文字都是上述三種語言。數(shù)字圖像：這里我們指的光柵數(shù)字圖像或位圖圖像，在計算機(jī)內(nèi)存中的數(shù)組的離散比特表示的信息，其中每一位指定顏色和強(qiáng)度 6 。數(shù)字圖像被用來描述校園環(huán)境，為了使我們設(shè)計的虛擬校園看起來更真實。以框架為基礎(chǔ)的動畫：動畫圖片是一個有特定顯示順序圖像。該框架可通過電影或視頻攝像機(jī) 12 采樣產(chǎn)生。虛擬校園的電影文件已經(jīng)創(chuàng)建，并且被在在我校召開的會議所運用。三維建模：三維模型為制作三維動畫的基本資源。如果一個動畫幀產(chǎn)生一個序列的投影捕捉和渲染的視圖的三維模型，然后將產(chǎn)生的3