高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)

1、高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)在英語(yǔ)中，通過(guò)不同的時(shí)態(tài)，表示或區(qū)別在不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 或出現(xiàn)的情況，要準(zhǔn)確地使用不同的時(shí)態(tài)，關(guān)鍵要弄清各種時(shí)態(tài)的定 義和用法。在近年英語(yǔ)高考命題中對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)的考查是一個(gè)重點(diǎn)，所考查 的主要是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法：1 .表示包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻在內(nèi)整個(gè)階段經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作The bank opens at 8:00 a.m. on weekdays.However busy I am, I write to my mother regularly.2 .表示人或物基本特征，特性及目前的狀態(tài)Now I am busy; I ca

2、n ' t spare time for a holiday.That street is in bad condition, and smells terrible.3 .表示客觀真理，科學(xué)事實(shí)，格言及沒(méi)有時(shí)限的客觀存在Knowledge is strength.Light travels faster than sound.Japan lies to the east of China.選擇：1. I ping-pong quite well, but I haven ' t had time to play since the new year.A. will play

3、B. have played C. played D. play2.Can I help you, sirYes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but itA . didn t work B. won t work C. can t work D. doesn t work1 .答案為Do乒乓球打得出色是一個(gè)的基本能力和特征，因此要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2 .答案為Do收音機(jī)不響，反應(yīng)的是收音機(jī)目前的工作狀況，故 用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。改錯(cuò)：1. Make sure that you will pick me up after work.3 . I ' ll

4、 see to it that I will return the reference book on time.答案：1） will pick 一 pick2） will return 一 return在see to it that 和make sure that句型中，從句動(dòng)詞用一般時(shí)， 表小將來(lái)時(shí)。二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)基本用法：1 .表示在一個(gè)特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間，發(fā)生的事件或人或物的客觀情況。該時(shí)態(tài)常跟一個(gè)表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：yesterday, thenight before （前天晚上），once （曾經(jīng)），the other day = a few days ago, just no

5、w = a moment ag o 剛才）I got to know him two years ago.He was seriously ill last week.2 .也可表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常性或重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。As a child, I would go to sea along with my father.China is different from what it used to be.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞would do可表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作；used to be / do可表 示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。選擇：1.Your telephone number again ? I quite ca

6、tch it.It ' s 9568422.A. didn ' t B. couldn ' t C. don' t D. can' t2. We could have walked to the station, it was so near.Yes. A taxi at all necessary.A . wasn' t B . hadn' tbeen C . wouldn ' t D. won' t3. Come on it, Peter. I want to show you something.Oh, how ni

7、ce of you ! I you to bring me a gift.A. never think ; are going B. never thought ; were goingC. didn ' t think were going D. hadn' t thought were going簡(jiǎn)析：1.答案A?！皼](méi)聽(tīng)清楚”發(fā)生在對(duì)方當(dāng)時(shí)報(bào)電話號(hào)碼那個(gè)過(guò) 去時(shí)刻，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。2 .答案A。根據(jù)對(duì)話的情景可知，甲乙雙方都在談?wù)撨^(guò)去發(fā) 生的事情。甲方用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，責(zé)備自己當(dāng)時(shí)未能步行去車(chē)站，乙方 強(qiáng)調(diào)當(dāng)時(shí)乘出租車(chē)沒(méi)有必要，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。3 .答案B。思維動(dòng)詞think,

8、know, expect等，時(shí)態(tài)使用的原則 是：表示現(xiàn)在的看法、知曉用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；表示過(guò)去的看法、知曉， 而這種思維活動(dòng)現(xiàn)在已不復(fù)存在，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。根據(jù)對(duì)話可知， 乙方?jīng)]想到“甲方會(huì)給他帶來(lái)禮物”，發(fā)生在未見(jiàn)到禮物之前。一 旦見(jiàn)到禮物，這種想法即刻消失，故think應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。答案B 比C語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，更符合對(duì)話的情景，因此 B為最佳選項(xiàng)。在以下句型中，必須用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作：1. It is (high / about) time (that) you went bed.你該去睡覺(jué)了。2. I would rather they came tomorrow.我倒希望他們明天來(lái)。三

9、、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1 .表達(dá)形式：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)have / has done ;被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)have / has been done2 .基本用法：1)表示動(dòng)作或過(guò)程發(fā)生在說(shuō)話之前某個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)刻，到說(shuō)話時(shí)已 完成，并與現(xiàn)在的情況有聯(lián)系。I have turned on the electric heater(電熱器)in the room.(I turned on the electric heater, and the room is getting warm now.He has taken away my reference book.(He took away my reference book, a

10、nd now I can )' t use it. 選擇： The price, but I doubt whether it will remain so.A . went down B . will go down C. has gone downD. was going down答案為C。作者對(duì)今后物價(jià)是否能繼續(xù)走低，心懷疑慮，而他此時(shí)的心態(tài)是由物價(jià)下跌這一動(dòng)作引發(fā)的，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。2)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在?？?能剛結(jié)束，也可能繼續(xù)下去。起點(diǎn)NowHe has been in Beijing for two years.We have had ple

11、nty of rain here since we parted last month.自上個(gè)月我們分手以來(lái)，這里下了很多雨。表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)還有inthe past (last) few years, ever since, so far, up to the present直至U 現(xiàn)在)，until now, in recent years等。選擇：How are you today ?Oh, I as ill as I do now for a long time.A . didn ' t feel B.wasn' feeling C.do

12、n' t feel D. haven' t felt答案為Do譯：我很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)有象今天這樣周身不適。本句的實(shí)質(zhì)是：今天我身體狀況最差，而這以前情況基本正常，即not feelill。這種正常身體狀況從過(guò)去延續(xù)到今天截止。故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成 時(shí)。關(guān)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，請(qǐng)注意以下三點(diǎn)：1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)或與在有聯(lián)系，它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)已成為歷史，不復(fù)存在，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)系。He has worked in Paris for two years.（現(xiàn)在人仍在巴黎。）He worked in Paris for two ye

13、ars.（現(xiàn)在人已不在巴黎。）2）可用句型It is + （一段時(shí)間）+ since （主語(yǔ)）+ （動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去 時(shí)），解決瞬間動(dòng)詞不能與一段時(shí)間連用的矛盾。如：It is ten years since he left Shanghai.It is about two years since I got married to Jane.3）下列句型的分句中動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：It is the first （序數(shù)詞）time （that） I have visited China.我是我第 一次訪問(wèn)中國(guó)。This is the most beautiful（形容詞最高級(jí)）city that

14、I have ever seen 這是我見(jiàn)過(guò)的最美麗的城市。四、過(guò)去完成時(shí)1 .表達(dá)形式 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)had done ;被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)had been done2 .基本用法1）在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作之前已完成的動(dòng)作。had doneNow例：He said that he had arrived three days before.2)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到這一 過(guò)去時(shí)間。例：By the time he came we had worked for two hours.had doneNow例 1:Mary came back yesterday.Where she?A

15、. had; been B. did; go C. has; been D. had; gone答案為Ao乙方要問(wèn)的是“在昨天之前，她去過(guò)哪里"，屬過(guò)去 的過(guò)去。故應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例 2： Until then, his family from him for two months.A . didn ' t hear B.hasn' t heard C. hadn' t heard D. heard nothing譯：到那個(gè)時(shí)候，他家人已有兩個(gè)月沒(méi)有收到他的來(lái)信。答案為C?！拔词盏絹?lái)信”這種情況持續(xù)到那個(gè)時(shí)候，而不是現(xiàn)在。根據(jù)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的第二種用法，應(yīng)用過(guò)去完

16、成時(shí)。例3:用正確時(shí)態(tài)填空I (mean) to go on Monday, but I have stayed at their request.答案為 had meant動(dòng)詞 hope, wish, intend, mean, want, expects,其過(guò)去完成時(shí)可表示“過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望，打算或意圖”。五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1 .表達(dá)形式：主動(dòng)形式：am / is / are doing被動(dòng)形式am / is /are being done2 .基本用法表示此刻或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。The students are preparing for the entrance exam at pr

17、esent.表示目前的變化、發(fā)展和進(jìn)展過(guò)程，需要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。Selecting a mobile phone for perponal use is no easy task becausetechnology is changing so rapidly.請(qǐng)注意以下兩點(diǎn)：1 .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的區(qū)別：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作，其特征為經(jīng)常性；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作，其特征具有暫時(shí)性。經(jīng)常性與暫時(shí)性是區(qū)分這兩種時(shí)態(tài)的主要尺度。例：Is this raincoat yours ?No, mine there behind the door.A. is hanging B. has hung C

18、. hangs D. hung答案為A。這段對(duì)話大多發(fā)生在下班，會(huì)議或社交活動(dòng)結(jié)束后，人們各自找自己的雨具這樣的場(chǎng)合?！坝暌聮煸陂T(mén)后”是臨時(shí)性的，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。2 . 進(jìn)行時(shí)與 always, continually, constantly, forever等副詞連用，作為一種修辭手段，用于表達(dá)贊揚(yáng)、不滿、抱怨等情緒。He is always thinking of others.他總是為別人著想。（贊揚(yáng)）At school he was constantly playing trick on others.在校讀書(shū)時(shí)，他老是捉弄人。（厭惡）六、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1 .表達(dá)形式主動(dòng)態(tài)：was / w

19、ere doing ;被動(dòng)形式：was / werebeing done2 .基本用法用于表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或過(guò)去某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。I was making a long-distance call to my near relative before you arrived.In those years we were having a hard time.例：1.Hey, look where you are going !Oh, I ' m terribly sorry.A . I ' m not noticing B. I wasn ' t noticin

20、g C. I haven ' t noticed D. I don ' t notice2.Tom into the house when no one.A . slipped; was lookingB . had slipped; lookedC. slipped; had lookedD. was slipped; looked1 .答案為B?！白呗窌r(shí)心不在焉，不注意前進(jìn)方向”，發(fā)生在甲方 責(zé)備他之前那段已過(guò)去的時(shí)間里。故應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。2 .譯文：湯姆乘著沒(méi)有人注意，溜進(jìn)房屋。答案為Ao when, while, as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，若主句動(dòng)作與從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，且

21、一長(zhǎng)一短。那么持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作用進(jìn)行時(shí)，持續(xù)短的動(dòng)作用一般! ，! n m h ! M : ! !( n m w H ! anMaaianaaiH !) ! ») ! IB ! (!時(shí)。本題中“溜slip”發(fā)生在沒(méi)有人注視這一過(guò)程中，“溜slip” I I I,/,為短動(dòng)作，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，而 watch “注視”持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，應(yīng)用 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。七、一般將來(lái)時(shí)1 .基本用法 表示將來(lái)或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作2.表達(dá)形式 主動(dòng)形式：shall / will do ; shall / will be doing被動(dòng)形式：shall / will be doneshall用于第一人稱，will用于所

22、有人稱I won ' t be free tonight.I will be waiting for you outside after school.一般將來(lái)時(shí)其他表達(dá)形式如下：1) am / is / are going to do用于表示a)預(yù)先打算做某事。b)有跡象表明即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。We are going to visit the Great Wall at weekends.Listen to the loud crash of thunder. It' 碗那nj 端白ran.聲，天就要下雨了。2) am / is / are to do用于表示按計(jì)劃、安排要進(jìn)行

23、的動(dòng)作The meeting is to be held tomorrow.注1:該結(jié)構(gòu)也可當(dāng)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用，表示“命令”、“可能”You are to be back by 9 oclock at thelOtestll遲在 9 點(diǎn)之前回家。This kind of book is nowhere to be bought. = This kind of book can t be bought anywhere.注 2：用在if 條件句中，表示“想” 。 If we are to be there in time,we ll have to hurry up.3) be about to do

24、用于表達(dá)某動(dòng)作馬上要發(fā)生Be quick ! Flight No. 302 to Tokyo is about to take off.改錯(cuò)： Allention please ! The concert is about to start in five minutes.刪去in five minutes。be about to do不能與具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。4) 轉(zhuǎn)移動(dòng)詞 go, come, start, leave, arrive, return, sai等以及 win, lose, die可用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)。The ship is sailing for Shanghai tomorr

25、ow.It seems to me that our team is losing.八、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)1基本用法表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。2表達(dá)形式主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： should / would do 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： should / would be doneI never imagined that he would become a doctor.I promised my boss that I would finish this work by the end of this month.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的其他表達(dá)形式，也適用于過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)I felt that something t

26、errible was about to happen.請(qǐng)注意：when, once, until, as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句if, unless, so long as等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句even if, though, whenever, whether or （不管還是） 等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句若從句動(dòng)作未發(fā)生，應(yīng)用一般時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)。I will let you know if he comes back.He said that he wouldn ' t lose heart evfailedheWhatever happens, do be calm.九、被動(dòng)

27、語(yǔ)態(tài)1.定義：若主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者，即主謂語(yǔ)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系， 則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式。The question is being discussed at the meeting.Full time should be made use of to speed up socialist construction.必須充分利用時(shí)間加速社會(huì)主義建設(shè)。下列情況不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：a .不及物動(dòng)詞及不及物性的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如 happen, appear, disappear, break out, take place 等b .狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞。例：There is no doubt that Taiwan

28、 is belonged to China.（錯(cuò)）His head is felt hot.（錯(cuò)）This plan was proved practical.（錯(cuò)）下列情況用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義：a.表示事物的名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)表示該事物的特征。例：This book sells well.This cloth washes well.b.動(dòng)詞前有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 won' t, wouldn ,裳示該動(dòng)作難以實(shí)現(xiàn)。例：The door won' t open 1文扇門(mén)就是關(guān)不起來(lái)。The enginewouldn ' t start is morning.今天上午這馬達(dá)怎么也

29、發(fā) 動(dòng)不起來(lái)。動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)（04全國(guó)卷）1. My mind wasn ' t on what he was saying so I' m afraid I half ofit.A. was missingB. had missedC. will missD. missed（04浙江卷）2. The discussion alive when an interesting topic was brought in.A. was comingB. had comeC. has comeD. came （04福建卷） 3. She has set a new record ,tha

30、t is ,the sales of her latest book50 million.A. have reachedB. has reachedC. arereachingD. had reached（04江蘇卷）4. More patients in hospital this year than last year.A. treatedB. have treated C. had been treated D.have been treated （04湖北卷）5. He kept looking at her , wondering whether he her somewhere .

31、A. sawB. has seen C. seesD. hadseen （04浙江卷）6. Because the shop, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.A. has closed down B. closed downC. is closing downD. had closed down（04北京春季）7. 一 Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. Where was I? You you didn ' t like your father ' s job.A. had

32、 said B. saidC. were saying D.had been saying（04湖南卷）8. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you advertisements showing happy families. A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often seen（04北京卷）9. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy going back to school, but shehasn ' t

33、decided yet.A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider （04北京卷）10. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 2006.A. has been completedB. has completedC. will have been completedD. will have completed1-5 DDADD 6-10 CCABC二、提

34、圖練習(xí)。1. -1 thought you were proud of the work I .-1 ' m afraid not. You ' d better change it for another.A. doB. had done C .didD. would2. -Sorry, Joe, I didn t mean to -Don' t call me “Joe” . I ' m Mr. Parker to you, and you forgetit!A. doB. didn ' tC. didD.don' t3. Nobody co

35、uld have guessed, 20 years ago, the important place inChinese history that Shenzhen.A. was having B. was to haveC. had hadD.had4. The plane over the landing field for twenty minutes when the pilot was told that he should use the Eastside Field.A. had been circlingB. is circling C . was circlingD. ha

36、d circled5. -What about the situation there?-Oh, it as serious as it does now for a long time.A. didn ' lo okB. wasn' tooking C. doesn' lo okD.hasn' t looked6. -Why! Where' s my saport? Maybe I left it on the plane.-My Goodness! You things behind!A. had never left B. didn 'le

37、ave C. never left D. haven ' t left7. Doctors and medical supplies to the scene of the accident after the train crash.A. had been rushedB. were rushed C. were rushingD. rushed8. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness.A. has grownB. is growing C. grewD.h

38、ad grown9. -The former president was caught at last. -Really? Where himself?A. had he hiddenB . has he hiddenC. was he hiddenD. has he been hiding10. After a tsunami hit Southeast and South Asia last month, up to150,000 and thousands more.A. were killed; are still unknownB. have been killed;were sti

39、ll unknownC. are killed; are still unknownD. had been killed; werestill unknown11. Why don' t you put the meat in the fridge? It will fresh for several days.A. be stayed B. stayC. be staying D . havestayed12. You things about. Look, what a mess in your room!A. always throwB. have always thrownC.

40、 are always throwingD. have always beenthrowing13. Plant more trees in this area, otherwise we from sandstorms.A. often suffer B. will often suffer C. is often suffer D. will often be suffered14. -Henry, the phone is ringing. Do you want me to go-No； si?still.A. I'll get it B. I am to get it C.

41、I' m getting it D.I am going to get it.15. The article suggests that when a person under unusual stresshe should beespecially careful to have a well balanced diet.A. beB. isC. wereD.was16. The prices of agricultural productswhile those of industrialproducts only a little.A. are going up; have be

42、en brought down B. have gone up; are being brought downC. are being gone up; has brought down D. have been gone up; are bringing down17. -1 thought you might have got drunk.-Yes, I.A. have B. had C. did do D. might have18. We plan to reach the North Pole in mid-July, and by then we for six weeks.A.

43、are walkingB. have been walkingC. will be walkingD. will have beenwalking19. How can you possibly miss the news? It on TV all day long.A. has beenB. had been C. wasD.will be20. I don' u nderstand how you got a ticket. I always you a careful driver.A. think- are B. am thinking - are C. thought- -wereD. thinkwere21. -Why did you come by taxi?-My bike broke down last night and I it repaired.A. didn't have B. don't have C. won't have D. haven't had22. -Do you mean we have to break off the experiment for dinner?-Yes, itin the din