【北師大版】高中英語一輪復習講練精品：Part-II-語法部分-專題14--強調句和省略句

1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上專題十四強調句和省略句按照考綱要求，考生應能夠恰當?shù)厥褂迷~語和強調句式對表達的內容進行強調，近幾年的高考試題主要考查考生對謂語動詞的強調的理解和強調句型的靈活使用，考查復合句中的強調句式；按照考試大綱的要求，考生還應掌握英語省略的一些基本原則，在行文中正確地使用省略。強調句 一、強調句句型 1陳述句的強調句型：It is / was 被強調部分(通常是主語、賓語或狀語) that / who(當強調主語且主語指人)其他部分。 It was on the party that he met one of his old friends. 2一般疑問句的強調句型：同上，只

2、是把is / was提到it前面。 Was it on the party that he met one of his old friends? 3特殊疑問句的強調句型：被強調部分(通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞) is / was it that / who 其他部分？ When and where was it that you were born?I met the film starJackie Chan at Beijing Airport yesterday.強調主語：It was I (that / who) met the film starJackie Chan at Beiji

3、ng Airport yesterday.強調賓語：It was the film starJackie Chan that / who I met at Beijing Airport yesterday.強調地點狀語：It was at Beijing Airport that I met the film starJackie Chan yesterday.強調時間狀語：It was yesterday that I met the film starJackie Chan at Beijing Airport.注意：構成強調句的it本身沒有詞義；強調句中的連接詞一般只用that和who

4、，即使在強調時間狀語和地點狀語時也如此，that和who不可省略；強調句中的時態(tài)通常用兩種：一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。原句謂語動詞是一般過去時、過去完成時和過去進行時，用It was.，其余的時態(tài)用It is. 二、not.until.句型的強調句 1句型為：It is / was not until 被強調部分 that 其他部分It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital.注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是強調句型，till和until可通用。因為

5、句型中It is / was not.已經(jīng)是否定句了，that后面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句。 三、謂語動詞的強調 1It is / was.that.結構不能強調謂語，如果需要強調謂語時，用助動詞do / does或did。Do sit down.He did write to you last week.Do be careful when you cross the street.注意：此種強調只用do / does和did ，沒有別的形式；過去時用did ，后面的謂語動詞用原形。省略句為了使講話和行文簡潔，句中某些成分有時可省略。省略可分以下幾種情況：一、簡單句中的省略1省略主語

6、：祈使句中主語通常省略。其他省略主語的用法多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說法。(I) Thank you for your help.(I) See you tomorrow.(It) Doesnt matter.2省略主謂語或主謂語的一部分。(There is) No smoking.(Is there) Anything wrong? Why (do you) not say hello to him?3不定式的省略(1)使役動詞let, make, have及感官動詞see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to 等后面作賓語補足

7、的不定式要省去to, 但在被動句時應加上to。I saw the boy fall from the tree.The boy was seen to fall from the tree.2)mean, try, want, afford, decide, refuse, wish, like, need, would like, would love.等后面接不定式作賓語時，省略作賓語的不定式。只保留不定式符號 to, 但如果該賓語是動詞 be 或完成時態(tài)的不定式時，則需在 to后加上be 或 have。Are you going there?Yes, Id like to (go the

8、re)Are you an engineer?No, but I want to be (an engineer)3)tell, warn, order, advise, ask, expect等動詞后接不定式作賓補時常省略不定式的賓語補足語。The students want to enter the lab, but the monitor advises them not to (enter the lab)4)兩個或兩個以上的動詞不定式并列在一起由and / or 連接時， 第1個不定式帶to, 后面的不定式可省去to。但如表示對比(照)等，則不省略to。Her job is to t

9、ake care of the children and (to) wash clothes. Its better to laugh than to cry.5)主 (賓)語補足語中的 to be 往往省略。He was thought (to be ) the cleverest boy in the group.6)特殊結構中的省略would sooner, had better, do nothing but, have nothing to do but, theres nothing to do but, cant help but, rather than 等后的不定式的符號to

10、常省略。He would sooner die than surrender.Id rather look after the baby than wash dishes.7)主語部分有一個表“做”的 do 的各種形式時，表語不定式常省略“to”。What I really want to do is (to) go to the cinema.4省略表語Are you thirsty?Yes, I am (thirsty)5同時省略幾個成分Lets meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.Have you finished your work

11、?(I have) Not (finished my work) yet.二、并列句中的省略兩個并列分句中，后一個分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分。My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.三、主從復合句中的省略1主句中有一些成分被省略。(Im) Sorry to hear that you are ill.(It is a) Pity that he missed such a good chance.2從句的省略(1)賓

12、語從句以 which, when, where, how和why引導的賓語從句在其謂語與主句謂語相同時，可省略全部謂語，甚至主語也省略，僅保留一個wh詞。She will go to Beijing, but I dont know when (she will go to Beijing.)(2)狀語從句在時間、地點、讓步、方式、條件狀語從句中，如果主語與主句主語一致，或者主語是it，那么動詞be及其主語通常可省略。常見的有以下幾種：時間狀語從句： Be careful when (you are) crossing the street.條件狀語從句： He wont go to the

13、party unless (he is) invited.比較狀語從句： Country music today remains much the same as (it was) before.讓步狀語從句： Whether (it is) right or wrong, his opinion should be paid attention to.注意：though和as 引導讓步狀語從句時，通常從句要倒裝。從句倒裝時， 如果從句的表語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)， 將名詞提前時，名詞前面的冠詞a / an須省略。Child as / though he is, he knows much about

14、 the society. Though he is a child, he knows much about the society.注意：有些由 if 構成的省略結構，已屬固定短語，如if any, if necessary, if possible, if not, if so等。If necessary, ring me at home.He may be busy.If so, Ill call later. If not, can I see him now?(3)修飾名詞way 的限制性定語從句常省略in which或that。Is this way you talk to yo

15、ur parents?(4)強調句It is / was.that.，當強調疑問句時，that 常可省略。Why was it (that) you were ten minutes late?用so或not時切不可用it或that代替。Is he coming back tonight?I think so.Is he feeling better today?Im afraid not.這種用法常見的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及I suppose not. I believed not. I hope not等。

16、(但I dont think so比I think not更常用)。四、連詞that的省略1賓語從句中常省略連詞that，但也有不能省略的情況(參看“名詞性從句”等有關部分)。2在定語從句中，that在從句中作賓語時可省略。3引導主語從句、同位語從句等的連詞that一般不可省略。在表語從句中偶爾可省略。在近五年的高考試卷中強調句、省略句已經(jīng)成為高考熱點。命題者加大了對句子結構復雜程度和知識面的考查，同時注重考查知識之間的交叉。這就要求學生在復習和備考中注意總結，全面把握，深入研究。具體把握強調句以下四大考點：1考查強調句式的基本結構2考查含有“not.until.”句型的強調句式3考查強調句式

17、的疑問句4考查強調句式的正確判斷省略是高考英語考試大綱要求掌握的語法項目之一，雖然不是每年必考項目，但不少省份有所涉及。從命題的趨勢來看，更側重考查省略在交際中的功能，考查語法知識間的交叉使用。高考真題探究（20062011年）【2011四川卷15】Was it on a lonely island _ he was saved one month after the boat went down?A. where B. that C. which D. what【答案】B【考點】考查強調句?！窘馕觥看颂帍娬{的是句子的地點狀語on a lonely island，是強調句的一般疑問句句型：Wa

18、s it + 被強調部分+ that +句子？句意：“他是不是在小船沉沒一個月后在一個孤島上被營救的？”【2011陜西卷23】It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do_benefits our work most. A. who B. which C. that D. what【答案】C【考點】考查強調句?！窘馕觥繌娬{句型:It is/was +被強調部分+that連接句子的其他部分。答案選擇C。【2011重慶卷32】Have you seem the film Under the Hawthorn Tr

19、ee? Of course, I have. It was in our village _ it was made.A.that B.where C.when D.which【答案】A【考點】考查強調句?！窘馕觥繂栐捜嗽儐枌Ψ绞欠窨催^山楂樹之戀這部電影，答話人回答說當然看過，這部電影是在自己的村莊拍攝的。本句是強調句，被強調的部分是地點狀語in our village。強調狀語in our village。【2011湖南卷35】Its not what we do once in a while _ shapes our lives, but what we do consistentlyA

20、 .which B. that C. how D. when【答案】B【考點】本題考察強調句型?！窘馕觥勘绢}考察強調句型。強調主語。故選B。句子意思：決定我們生活的東西不是我們偶爾所做的事情而是那些我們自始至終所做的事情。【2011江蘇卷33】It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine._ , wed better take it to the garage immediately. A. Otherwise B. If not C. But for that D. If so【答案】D【考點】考查省略和替代。【解析】句意：聽起

21、來車的發(fā)動機好像有問題，如果那樣的話，我們最好立刻把它弄到汽修廠去。前后兩句話之間是順承關系。Otherwise否則，要不然；if not要不，不然；but for that若不是因為那件事；if so若是這樣。10安徽It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. A. where B. that C. when D. which答案B考點本題考查強調句型。解析迷惑點在于強調部分中含有一個定語從句that she had bo

22、ught in the village。10湖南Johns success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work has made him what he is today.A. why B. when C. which D. that答案D考點考查強調句型。解析題干為強調句型, 被強調部分為years of hard work, 故選D項。10浙江The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if regularly, can improve our

23、health. A. being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out答案C考點本題考查if條件句中的省略情況。解析本句的句子的主語是the experiment；謂語動詞是shows；that引導賓語從句, 賓語從句的主干事：proper amounts of exercise can improve our health, if_ regularly是插入的條件從句, 從句的主語是proper amounts of exercise, 此時應用it代替前面提到的主語, 條件句的主語與主句的主語一致, 并且含有i

24、s, 故省略了it is, 完整形式是：if it is carried out。句意為：這項實驗表明, 適當?shù)倪\動, 如果有規(guī)律的進行, 能夠有助于我們的身體健康。09湖南Every evening after dinner, if not from work, I will spend some time walking my dog. A. being tiredB. tiring C. tired D. to be tired 答案C考點省略句式。解析在if引導的條件狀語從句中, 從句中還原應為if am not tired from work, 根據(jù)省略的原則, 所以答案選C。09江

25、西It was _ he came back from Africa that wear _ he met the girl he would like to marry. A. when; then B. not; until C. not until; that D. only; when 答案C考點強調句型。解析根據(jù)It is that 結構可知。09江西Some of you may have finished unit one. _ , you can go on to unit two. A. If you may B. If you do C. If not D. If so 答

26、案D考點省略句的用法。解析If so = If you have done that / so你們中的一些人可能已經(jīng)完成第一單元, 如果是這樣的話, 你們可以繼續(xù)第二單元。08全國It was in New Zealand Elizabeth first met Mr.Smith.A.that B.how C.whichD.when答案A考點此題考查強調句解析句意為：正是在新西蘭伊麗莎白第一次見到史密斯先生。It+be+被強調成分+that句型為強調句。08天津It was along the Mississippi River _ Mark Twain spent much of his c

27、hildhood. A. how B. which C. that D. where答案C考點此題考查強調句解析此處構成It wasthat強調句式, 句中強調了介詞短語along the Mississippi River。08重慶It was not until midnight they reached the camp site.A.that B.when C.while D.as答案A考點考查強調句。解析從not until在it was后可以判斷這是一個強調含有not until的句子, 強調句型中只能用that。08福建Who should be responsible for

28、the accident?The boss, not the workers.They just carried out the order .A.as toldB.as are toldC.as tellingD.as they told答案A考點此題考查狀語從句的省略解析as told=as they were told, 此處是as引導的方式狀語從句的省略。當從句主語與主句主語一致, 且謂語動詞含有be時, 將從句的主語和be省略。又因為workers與tell之間是被動關系, 排除C、D。07全國We all know that, , the situation will get wo

29、rse.A.not if dealt carefully withB.if not carefully dealt withC.if dealt not carefully withD.not if carefully dealt with答案B考點此題考查省略句式解析that后跟賓語從句, 賓語從句中含有一個主從句, if從句使用了省略句式, 完整的形式應為if it is not carefully dealt with, it指代主句中的situation。07安徽In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier

30、 than.A.that used to beB.it is used to C.it was used to D.it used to be答案D考點不定式的省略。解析表示 “過去常?！庇胾sed to do, 并且本題中動詞原形be不能省略。07重慶It is not who is right but what is rightis of importance.A.which B.it C.thatD.this答案C考點此題考查強調句型解析本句為It is.that.強調句型。06全國It was not until she got homeJennifer realized she ha

31、d lost her keys.A.when B.that C.where D.before答案B考點本題考查強調句。解析強調句的基本結構為 “It is/was+被強調部分+that/who.”。本題強調時間狀語從句, 用that。06遼寧It was after he got what he had desiredhe realized it was not so important.A.that B.when C.since D.as答案A考點此題考查強調句。解析該句為強調句, 強調句子的時間狀語after he got what he had desired。強調句的結構是It is/

32、was+被強調部分+that/who+句子的其余成分。06山東I just wonderthat makes him so excited.A.why it does B.what he does C.how it is D.what it is答案D考點本題考查強調句。解析本題題干相當于I just wonder what makes him so excited.的意義, 所以該題實際上為強調句型的特殊疑問句式, what為賓語從句的連接詞且在從句中作主語。模擬試題探究1(2010湖南湘潭期末聯(lián)考)I hope he wont get ill during the examinations

33、._. He has been very well recently.ACertainly BNo CNot DYes【答案與解析】B本題中的否定回答用no，而不是not，此題回答是省略的，完整形式為“No, he wont.”2(2010湖南雅禮中學月考) He is only too ready to help others, seldom，_， refusing them when they turn to him. Aif never Bif ever Cif not Dif any【答案與解析】B此處seldom，if ever 是if there is ever 的省略形式，the

34、re is ever“如果有也是少見的；幾乎從來不”。3(2010湖南師大附中月考)Mum, I am afraid I wont do well in the coming test.Honey, _ more careful, _ you will make it. Ais; so Bbe; andCbe; then Dbeing; and【答案與解析】B祈使句用動詞原形開頭，祈使句 and 簡單句相當于由if引導的主從復合句。4(2010河北唐山模擬)Was it near the white building, if I may ask, _ Martin Luther King ga

35、ve a speech “I have a dream”？Awhere Bthat Cwhy Din which【答案與解析】B題意：如果我們問的話，是不是在那座白色的樓房附近馬丁路德金作了“我有一個夢想”的演說呢？if I may ask是插入語，此句考查強調句型的一般疑問句形式：Is / Was it 被強調部分 that 原句剩余部分。5(2010銀川市期末聯(lián)考)I just dont understand_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect.Awhy it does Bwhat

36、 it does Cwhat it is Dwhy it is【答案與解析】C本題是賓語從句中的強調句的使用。可以將原句恢復“It is what that prevents so many Americans.”但是英語中疑問代詞或副詞須放句首。6(2010湖南雅禮中學月考) _ find my wallet, Tom? AWhere did you that BWhere was it youCWhere have you DWhere was it that you【答案與解析】D考查強調句，強調地點狀語。故選D項。 7(2010安徽期末聯(lián)考) _ the accident happen

37、ed? Its said to happen on his way to work.ADo you know it is where thatBWhere is it that do you knowCDo you know where it is thatDWhere do you know it is that【答案與解析】D考查強調句型。題意：“你知道這事故是在哪發(fā)生的嗎？”“據(jù)說是在他上班的路上?！?(2008山東青島模擬)I cant remember how many days ago _ a fight broke out between the husband and the wife.Awhich Bwhy Cthat Dwhere【答案與解析】C題意：我不記得在多少天前這對夫婦曾經(jīng)吵過一架。 9. (2010山東沂南一中高三) How long do you think _ the computer company brings out a new product? Ait will be before Bwill it be until Cwill it be when Dit will be that【答案與解析】A本題考查一個固定結構It will