五大時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)及完形填空講解八年級(jí)下復(fù)習(xí)

1、五大時(shí)態(tài)講解及復(fù)習(xí)2013-4-291. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(1)用法：表示事實(shí)、現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)或經(jīng)常的、 習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。常與seldom, often, usually, always, sometimes, today, every day, once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：I go to school at seven every day.我每天七點(diǎn)去上學(xué)。表示普遍真理。如： The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。表示在現(xiàn)在時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的一個(gè)動(dòng)作。如：Here comes the bus.

2、公共汽車來(lái)了。在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中代表一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如I'll go shopping with my mother if she is free tomorrow.如果明天我媽媽有空，我將和她去購(gòu)物。(2)動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式變化規(guī)則如下：直接加 s。如：work works 。輔音字母+ y 結(jié)尾的詞， 先變 y 為 i, 再力口 es。 如：carry carries; cry cries; try tries; study studies 。以 s、 x、 o、 ch、 sh 結(jié)尾的詞力口 es。如：wash washes; teach teaches; go goes; p

3、ass passes; fix fixes 特殊：have has。2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式。(1)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞型I was a student last year . 去年我是一名學(xué)生。Were you at home this morning今天早上你在家嗎？Yes, I was./No, I wasn't. 是的，我在。/不，我不在。行為動(dòng)詞型Tom went to Shanghai last year .去年湯姆去了 上海。John did n ' t leave here last year .去年約翰沒(méi)有住在這

4、里。Did you see him just now你剛才看見(jiàn)他了嗎？(2)用法：主要表示過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。如：His friend was at work yesterday.他的朋友昨天在工作。表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與often , always 等表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：We often went to work by bus last year.去年我們經(jīng)常乘公交車上班。和when 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用。如： When he got home, he had a rest.當(dāng)他到家時(shí)，他休息了一會(huì)兒。常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。這些狀語(yǔ)有：ago,

5、 yesterday, last week, in the old days, when I was five years old, in 1995等。如： We began our work three hours ago.三小時(shí)前，我們開始工作。(3)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化規(guī)則：一般情況在動(dòng)詞原形后加 -ed 。如：watch watched 。以不發(fā)音字母 e結(jié)尾的加-d。如：live lived; practice practiced 。以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的，變 y 為 i 加-ed 。如：study studied; carry carried; cry cried 。以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾

6、，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加 -ed。如：stop stopped; plan planned;不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式需特殊記憶。3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)(1)結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形(2)用法：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：later(on), soon, in a month, next time, from now on, tomorrow等。如：I shall be eighteen years old next year.明年我 18 歲了。表示某種必然的趨勢(shì)。如： Fish will die without water.離開水，魚就會(huì)死。(3

7、)注意： 在以第一人稱作主語(yǔ)的問(wèn)句中，常用shall表示提議和詢問(wèn)情況，在以第二人稱作主語(yǔ)的句中，用will表示請(qǐng)求。如:Where shall we have lunch我們?cè)谀睦锍晕顼?？?dāng)主語(yǔ)是第一人稱時(shí)，用 will表示意愿、決心、允諾、命令等。如：I will give Xiaoming a good giftfor his birthday.我會(huì)在小明生日時(shí)送他一份好禮。在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如：I will write to Jim when he is there.當(dāng)吉姆到達(dá)那里時(shí)，我將給他寫信。"be going to十動(dòng)詞原形”也可

8、表示將來(lái)時(shí)。a .表示主觀意愿、打算等。如： He's going to learn English next term.下學(xué)期他打算學(xué)英語(yǔ)。b .根據(jù)已有跡象能推測(cè)出可能要發(fā)生的情況。如： Look at the black clouds ! It is going to rain.看那些烏云！馬上要下雨了。提示表示位移的動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)常表達(dá)將來(lái)之意，如： come, go, leave, fly, start, finish等。如：She's flying to Australia next month.下個(gè)月她將飛往澳大利亞。4 .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)結(jié)構(gòu)： am/is/are

9、 +動(dòng)詞的ing形式(2)用法：表示目前發(fā)生(進(jìn)行)的動(dòng)作(不指犬態(tài)),常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有： now, at the moment 等。當(dāng)有l(wèi)ook, listen起提示作用聽(tīng)！她正在隔壁唱歌。We are planting trees these days. 這些日子我們?cè)谥矘?。come, go, leave, arrive, fly 等，常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如:他們明天下午要去英國(guó)。時(shí)，后面的句子常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如： Are you writing a letter to your friend now你現(xiàn)在正在給你朋友寫信嗎？Listen! She is singing in th

10、e next room.表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行，而此刻不一定在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如:表示位移的動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生。此類詞有They are leaving for England tomorrow afternoon.(3)現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則：般力口 -ing 。如：play playing 。以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的，去e力口 ing。如：come coming; make making; live living ； write writing; take taking 。以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的，先雙寫該輔音字母， 再加-ing。如：run running; sit sitti

11、ng; begin beginning;cut cutting; stop stopping; get getting; swim swimming; plan planning 特殊：die dying; lie lying; tie tying 。5 .過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(1) 結(jié)構(gòu)： was/were + doing(2)用法：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：His father fell down while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.他爸爸騎自行車時(shí)摔到了，弄傷了 自己。(3)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：this

12、 morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten, last evening, when, while。(4)when 和 while 的區(qū)別：引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，while連接的是時(shí)間段，后常接延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；而when連接的既可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也可以是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如:What was your father doing while your mother was cooking? 你媽媽正在做飯時(shí)，你爸爸干什么呢?What was your mother doing when you came back當(dāng)你回來(lái)時(shí)，

13、你媽媽干什么呢？while可以連接兩個(gè)并列的句子，而 when不可以。如：I was trying my best to finish my work while my sister was watching TV.我當(dāng)時(shí)正在盡力完成作業(yè)，而我的妹妹正在看電視。when 可作特殊疑問(wèn)詞，對(duì)時(shí)間進(jìn)行提問(wèn)， while 不能。如： When were you born練習(xí)你是什么時(shí)候出生的?用動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1.1 (be not)a middle2. She (be)in Class3. Sam and I(be) inschool student.Six ,Grade One .We di

14、fferent classes .4. There (be) a map on the wall. There river.(be) all Young pioneers.(be) some boats in the5. I think he (be)back in a week.6. It ' s time (play) games.7. I want (take) some books to the classroom .8. Could you (take) it to your room9. Look! Theteachers (talk) tothe students.10.

15、 The besttime (visit ) China(be)Spring or autumn.11. Can you (look) after her12. Don' t (talk). Jim (do) his homework.13. What you (do) I'm a farmer.What you (do) now I ' m (put) rice in bags.14. We (stay) athomeon Sundays. He (go) to classes every week.15. Stop (talk).Let's begin ou

16、r class.16. When he met his teacher in the street, he stopped(say)hello to him.17. we (go) to the zoo tomorrow18. He (be) born in 1982.55. you (have) a good time at the cinema last night19.I (show)you the photo tomorrow.20.Why not (go) to the park with me tomorrow21.Do you enjoy (eat)bananas What ab

17、out (watch)TV22.The boy isgood at (read) maps.23.What (be) the dateyesterday24.I ' m afraidI may (be) a littlelate.25.I ' m sorry _ (hear)that.26.I think therain _(stop) later on.27.Let，s (give) hersomething different (eat).28.I like_(swim).So my brother.29.It _ (rain) outside.You' d bet

18、ter _ (not go) out.30.He (break) his leftleg in the accidentyesterday. His friends(take) him to hospital at once.完形填空中考考查方式、答題技巧分析“完形填空”題是一種旨在考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力的典型題型。它結(jié)合了單項(xiàng)選擇題和短文填空的優(yōu) 點(diǎn)，既考查詞語(yǔ)搭配、近義詞辨異、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、復(fù)合句的關(guān)聯(lián)和習(xí)慣用法等，又考查了邏輯推理和事理推 斷能力?！巴晷翁羁铡鳖}要求填入的詞主要有：1 .語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)所要求的功能詞，如連接詞、連接代詞、連接副詞、關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞等。2 .具

19、有語(yǔ)法變化的普通詞，如動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣，名詞的數(shù)，代詞的格，形容詞和副詞的級(jí)等。3 .固定搭配短語(yǔ)或詞組中的特定詞。4 .同義詞、近義詞等易混淆詞。5.根據(jù)上、下文意思及結(jié)構(gòu)必須填入的確定詞。年份年份及難度星級(jí)2009 年2010 年2011 年2012 年分值25分15分15分15分篇數(shù)2篇1篇1篇1篇字?jǐn)?shù)第一篇157字 第二篇385字320字332字302字題材生活故事（鄰居，士人物生活（愛(ài)拍生活故事（殘疾孩教育性故事兵做湯）照的人）于母親的經(jīng)歷）（孩子面對(duì)失 敗）從上表我們可以得出以下結(jié)論：1 .考查方式漸漸固定：從2009年以后都是每年考查 1篇，15小題，300字左右。2 .題

20、材固定在生活故事上：完型在選材時(shí)注重選擇與孩子們生活很接近的文章，比如，校園事件，故事，社區(qū)事 件，故事，名人勵(lì)志故事和社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)大事。3 .難度適中：2010年的文章最難。一般情況下文章不會(huì)太難，讀懂沒(méi)有問(wèn)題，但要選出正確的選項(xiàng)還是需要仔細(xì) 推敲的。4 .重視詞匯和上下文關(guān)聯(lián)：對(duì)孩子們基礎(chǔ)詞匯的要求較高，要求孩子熟知基礎(chǔ)詞匯的用法，近義詞區(qū)別，固定搭 配及其基礎(chǔ)詞匯另外的特殊含義。另外，在做題過(guò)程中要學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)上下文來(lái)推測(cè)答案，有時(shí)在文中甚至可以找到原詞， 所以遇到不會(huì)的題目不必害怕，做好記號(hào)，沉著應(yīng)對(duì)。三、完形填空試題的一般解題思路：1 .跳過(guò)空格、通讀短文、了解大意。2 .復(fù)讀短文、確定語(yǔ)義

21、、判斷詞形。3 .三讀短文、上下參照、驗(yàn)證答案。做完形填空題先從以下三方面入手：1 .首先要以很快的速度瀏覽全文，掌握文章的主旨，不要急于看選項(xiàng)。瀏覽全文時(shí)要重點(diǎn)了解文中所敘述的人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事件，即 who, when, where, what。完形填空命題的原則一般是第一句話不挖空，目的是使讀者進(jìn)入語(yǔ) 境，因此一定要認(rèn)真閱讀這句話。例如： Whyis a space left between the rails of a railway line where one piece joins the next這句話從鐵軌之間的縫隙引出了問(wèn)題。根據(jù)常識(shí)，文中內(nèi)容應(yīng)與熱漲冷縮的物理現(xiàn)象有關(guān)。

22、2 .根據(jù)故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展選詞，確定所填的詞與文中哪個(gè)詞有關(guān)系以及動(dòng)作是在什么場(chǎng)合發(fā)生的。3 .試填之后將所選定的詞放到文章中復(fù)讀檢查。（“字面譯、通邏輯、搞代入、全文譯”）實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練（1）WhenMr Smith retired（ 退休），he bought a small 1 in a village near the sea. He2 it and hoped to live a quiet life in this house.But to his great surprise, many tourists came to see his house in summer holidays,

23、 for it was the most 3 building in the village. From morning to night there were 4 outside the house. They kept looking into the rooms through the windows and 5 of them even went into Mr Smith ' s garden. This was too much for Mr Smith. He decided to ask the visitors to 6 . So he put a notice on

24、 the window. The notice said,“If you want 7 yourcuriosity( 好奇心),come in and look round. Price: twenty dollars." Mr Smith was sure that the visitors would 8 coming, but he was wrong. More and more visitors came and Mr Smith had to 9 every dayshowing them around his house. “I came here to 10 not

25、to work as a guide (導(dǎo)游)，" he said angrily. In the end, he sold the house and moved away.()1.A. gardenB. shop()2. A. likedB. hated()3. A. bigB. interesting()4. A. childrenB. students()5. A. noB. none()6. A. comeB. leave()7. A. to satisfyB. satisfy()8. A. go onB. stop()9. A. takeB. cost()10. A. p

26、layB. workC. houseC. soldC. smallC. parentsC. manyC. stayC. to satisfyingC. continueC. spendC. watch(2)D. schoolD. builtD. cleanD. touristsD. muchD. playD. satisfyingD. notD. payD. retireOne day, a boy had a fight with one of his classmates. Then he went to his 31 andtold him his storyangrily. "

27、; He is really bad, “ the boy said,“and I 32 him.The grandfather said,33 me tell you a story. When I was a boy, I too, sometimes hated othersfor what they did.As the boy 34 carefully, the grandfather went on,There are always two tigers inside my heart.One is 35 and kind. He gets on well 36 everythin

28、g around him. But 37 is bad and unfriendly.Even the smallest thing will make him angry. He fights with everyone all the time, and for no reason. He can' t think carefully 38 he always hates others. It is difficult to live with these two tigers insidemy heart. They both try to control(控制)me.”The

29、boy looked into his grandfather ' s 39 and asked, "40 tiger always controls you,Grandfather ”The old man said slowly and seriously,“The one that I feed. I always feed the good and kind tiger,so I never hate others and seldom( 很少)get angry now. ”31. A. motherB. fatherC. teacherD. grandfather

30、32. A. loveB. hateC.knowD. enjoy33. A. MakeB. HelpC. LetD. Ask34. A. sawB. feltC. talkedD. listened35. A. goodB. badC. lazyD. quiet36. A. atB. onC. withD. about37. A. otherB. othersC. anotherD. the other38. A. becauseB.thoughC.beforeD. but39. A. eyesB. earsC. noseD. mouth40. A. WhoB. WhichC. WhereD.

31、 When(3)One day a mother rat and her babies were out in an open field. They were playing and having a good timewhen suddenly a hungry cat came on the scene! It hid 41_ a big tree and then looked forward through the tall grass 42 it could almost hear them talk. Before the mother rat and her babies kn

32、ew 43 had happened, the cat jumped from its hiding place and started to run 44_ them. The mother cat and her babies all fled at once. They hurried towards 45 home, which was under a pile of large stones. But the baby rats were so scared (害怕)that they could not run very 46_ . Closer andcloser the cat

33、 came. In no time the cat would be upon them. What was to be doneThe mother rat stopped running, 47 round and faced the cat, shouting , "Bow Wow! Bow Wow! "just like 48 angry dog. The cat was so surprised and frightened that it ran away.The mother rat turned to the babies, "Now you se

34、e 49 important it is to learn 50 second language!"()41 A. onB. between C. byD. behind()42. A. beforeB. when C. untilD. while()43. A. whereB. whatC. whichD. when()44. A. overB. through C. afterD. against()45. A. toB. forC. itsD.their()46. A. freelyB. hardly C. soonD. quickly()47. A. turnedB. wal

35、ked C. jumpedD. ran()48. A. aB. anC. theirDi. that()49. A. soB. whyC. whatD. how()50. A. outB. theC. aD.,an(4)London is a beautiful city. It is very large. The Thames River runs 42 the city from west to east. So the city has 43 parts: the South and the North. In the North, there are important buildi

36、ngs, shops, big parks and interesting places.The weather in London is good. In winter it is not very cold and in summer it is not very hot44 the city is near thesea. People say 45 London is a foggy city and it often rains. It is true.Last year, when I 46 in London I met one of the 47 fogs in years.

37、You could hardly see your hand in front of your face. Cars and buses moved along with their lights on. When evening came, the weather got 48 worse. The fog was as thick as milk. 49 the buses and cars stopped. I had 50 an important meeting on the other side of the town, but it was impossible to find

38、a car. I had to get there 51 .1.A. aboutB. throughC. inD. along2.A. fourB. sixC. fiveD. two3.A. becauseB. soC. butD. or4.A. whatB. whereC. thatD. which5.A. wereB. amC. beD. was6.A. bigB. biggerC. bigestD. biggest7.A. woreB. evenC. veryD. some8.A. AllB. EachC. EveryD. None9. A. to joinB. to go toC. t

39、ake part inD. join in10) A. by carB. by busC. on footD. on the foot(5)Paul got 26 the bus to go to the town. It was very crowded and he had to stand for about five 27 . Then some of the people got 28 . Paul sat down next 29 a fat woman. She 30 several shopping bags and Paul did n' t have muchpla

40、ce 31the seat. He wasn t uncomfortable. 32 last the bus got to the town. All the people started to get off. Paul was very polite, so he stood 33 to let the fat woman get off before him. She said," 34 . " Then she triedto get 35 ,the seat with all her bags. But she couldn ' t move. She

41、was too fat and her bags were too heavy.11) 6.A. off B. on C. down D. up12) )27. A. minutes B. days C. weeks D. years13) 8. A.off B. up C. on D. down14) 9. A. in B. at C. near D. to15) 0. A. carries B. buys C. had D. has16) 1. A. in B. at C. on D. upon17) 2. A. In B. At C. On D.Up18) 3. A.down B. un

42、der C. up D. at19) 4. A. Go away B. Go at once C. Look out D. Thank you20) 5. A. down to B. off C. on D. out of 1) 15 CABDC 6-10 BABCD21) 31-40 DBCDA CDAAB22) 41、DCBCD, 46-50 DABDC23) 4246 BDACD 47 51 DBABC24) 26-30 BAADC 31-35CBCDD課后習(xí)題：1.1 will tell him as soon as he backA. come B. comes C. will co

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44、r teacher from them very often Certainly.A. Do hear B. Does hear C. Do receive D. receive6 .your mother some cleaning on SundaysA. Does does B. Do does C. Does do D. Do do7 .Tom to work hard to help his family Yes, he.A. Has x does B. Has x doesC. Does has has D. Does have does8. Which teacher lesso

45、ns to you every dayA. does gives B. does give C. do give D. gives9. Smith does not go fishing on weekdays, he does.A. does he - No B. does he Yes C. doesn ' t he No D. doesn ' t he Yes10. Mr Black often fishing on Sundays,heA. goes doesn 't B. goes isn 'C. doesn 't go does D. doesn 't go - is 11.He usually TV on Sunday evening.A. watch B. watches C. watching D. is watching12. We 'll go to play with snow if it tomorrow.A. snow B. snows C. will snow