化學(xué)常用詞匯表

1、第一單元 粒子和提純“unit1 particles and purification”state 狀態(tài)matter 物質(zhì)substance 物質(zhì)particle 粒子atom 原子molecule 分子ion 離子chemical means 化學(xué)方法volume 體積container 容器pattern 式樣vibrate 震動(dòng)slide 滑動(dòng)random 隨機(jī)的rapidly 迅速的vigorously 劇烈的melt 熔化boil 沸騰condense 液化；冷凝freeze 凝固；凍結(jié)diffusion 擴(kuò)散kinetic particle theory 粒子動(dòng)理論concentr

2、ated 濃的collide 碰撞bounce 反彈cotton wool 棉花reaction 反應(yīng)stopclock 秒表；停表precision 精密度Celsius degrees 攝氏度Thermometer 溫度計(jì)Centimetres cubed 立方厘米decimetres cubed 立方分米chromatography 色譜法solvent 溶劑solute 溶質(zhì)mixture 混合物pigment 色素solubility 溶解度f(wàn)ilter 過(guò)濾soluble 可溶的base line 基線(xiàn)lid 蓋dye 染料locating agent 定位試劑RF value 比

3、移值Impurity 雜質(zhì)Melting point 熔點(diǎn)boiling point 沸點(diǎn)dissolve 溶解filtration 過(guò)濾decant 傾倒centrifugation 離心分離filtrate 濾液crystallization 結(jié)晶extraction 提取residue 濾渣distillation 蒸餾fractional distillation 分餾petroleum 石油column 柱；塔proximity 接近overall 全部的；全面的purity 是純凈evaporation 蒸發(fā)作用rinse 漂洗volatile liquid 揮發(fā)性強(qiáng)的液體第二單元

4、 原子 單質(zhì) 化合物unit2 atoms elements and compounds property 性質(zhì)nucleus 核子proton 質(zhì)子neutron 中子nucleon number 核子數(shù)mass number 質(zhì)量數(shù)electron shell 電子層electrical energy level 電子能級(jí)proton number 質(zhì)子數(shù)atomic number 原子序數(shù)isotopes 同位素radioactive 放射性的decay 衰變electron configuration 電子排布valency electrons 價(jià)電子noble gas 稀有氣體che

5、mical bond 化學(xué)鍵electrical conductivity 導(dǎo)電性allotrope 同素異形體malleable 有展性的ductile 有延性的lustrous 有光澤的sonorous 響亮的；醒目的dull 鈍的；暗淡的brittle 脆的insulator 絕緣體conductor 導(dǎo)體semiconductor 半導(dǎo)體radiation 輻射powder 藥粉layer 層artificial 人造的unit3 structure and bonding第三單元 結(jié)構(gòu)和化學(xué)鍵formation 構(gòu)成ionic bond 離子鍵transfer 交換dotandcro

6、ss diagram 點(diǎn)叉圖stable 穩(wěn)定的multiple 多樣的；多重的octet 八電子組covalent bond 共價(jià)鍵nonmetal 非金屬lone pair electrons 孤對(duì)電子valency 價(jià)態(tài)combining power 結(jié)合力single bond 單鍵double bond 雙鍵triple bond 三鍵intermolecular forces 分子間作用力范德華力delocalised electrons 離域電子metallic bond 金屬鍵overlap 重疊conductivity 傳導(dǎo)性solubility 溶解性volatilvity

7、 揮發(fā)性rigid 堅(jiān)固的slippery 光滑的threedimensional 三維的diamond 鉆石graphite 石墨lattice 晶格unit4 chemical formulae公式和方程compound ion離子團(tuán)chemical symbol 化學(xué)符號(hào)formula 化學(xué)式molecular formula 分子式structural formula 結(jié)構(gòu)式empirical formula 經(jīng)驗(yàn)式（最簡(jiǎn)式）word equation 文字表達(dá)式symbol equation 化學(xué)方程式balance 配平state symbol 狀態(tài)符號(hào)spectator ion

8、旁觀(guān)離子unit 5 chemical calculationsreagent 試劑relative atomic mass 相對(duì)原子質(zhì)量relative molecular mass 相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量Avogadro constant 阿伏加德羅常數(shù)Stoichiometry 化學(xué)計(jì)算法；化學(xué)計(jì)量法mole 摩爾limiting reactant 受限試劑actual yield 實(shí)際產(chǎn)量predict yield 預(yù)計(jì)產(chǎn)量titration 滴定法yield 產(chǎn)率；產(chǎn)量concentration 濃度empirical formula 最簡(jiǎn)式unit 6 electricity and che

9、mistry電與化學(xué)electrolysis 電解decompose 分解cell 電池anode 陽(yáng)極；正極cathode 陰極；負(fù)極electrolyte 電解質(zhì)discharge series 放電順序dilute 稀的refining 精煉；提煉sludge 軟泥；泥濘slime 泥inert 惰性的electroplating 電鍍molten 熔化的ore 礦石siphon 虹吸管bleach 漂白deposit 使沉積unit7 chemical changesexothermic 放熱的endothermic 吸熱的bond energy 鍵能fuel 燃料radioactiv

10、ity 放射性electro chemical cell 化學(xué)原電池reactive 活潑的proton exchange membrane 質(zhì)子交換膜unit 8 speed of reactionrate 速率；速度interpret 解釋rust 銹；生銹controlled variable 控制變量independent variable 自變量catalytic converter 催化轉(zhuǎn)化器exposed 暴露precipitate 沉淀collision theory 碰撞理論photosynthesis 光合作用photography 攝影術(shù)lightsensitive re

11、actions 光敏反應(yīng)redox reaction 氧化還原反應(yīng)unit 9 chemical reactions化學(xué)反應(yīng)reversible reaction 可逆反應(yīng)equilibrium 平衡的hydrated 水合的anhydrous 無(wú)水的oxidation states 氧化數(shù)redox reaction 氧化還原反應(yīng)unit10 acid and bases酸和堿acid 酸alkali 堿universal indicator 通用知識(shí)劑neutral 中性的ph scale ph比例；ph量 household 家庭的antacid 抗酸的tablet 藥片indigest

12、ion 消化不良alkaline solution 堿溶液neutralisation reaction 中和反應(yīng)proton donor 質(zhì)子提供體acceptor 接受體amphoteric oxide 兩性氧化性u(píng)nit 11 making and identifying saltsreactivity series 活動(dòng)性順序evaporate 蒸發(fā)squeaky 吱吱響的glowing splint 帶火星的小木條relight 復(fù)燃damp litmus paper 濕石蕊試紙cream 奶油色qualitative analysis 定性分析phenolphthalein 酚酞m

13、ethyl orange 甲基橙indicator 指示劑unit 12 the periodic tablegroup 族period 周期trend 趨勢(shì)fizzy 嘶嘶作響的physical property 物理性質(zhì)flame 火焰poisonous 有毒的halogens 鹵素halide ions 鹵素離子pattern 圖案；樣式spoil 損壞complex ions 絡(luò)合離子transition element 過(guò)渡元素unit 13 metals and reactivityshape memory alloy 形狀記憶合金displacement reaction 置換反

14、應(yīng)thermite 鋁熱劑；灼熱劑shield 屏蔽reductant 還原劑oxidant 氧化劑thermal decomposition 熱分解Metal hydroxide 金屬氫氧化物Unit 14 Metal extractionBauxite 鐵鋁氧石Haematite 赤鐵礦Zinc blende 閃鋅礦Extraction 提??；提取物Undergo 遭受Blast furnace 煉鐵爐Slag 礦渣Hopper 漏斗Converter 轉(zhuǎn)化器Galvanize 鍍鋅Mild steel 軟鋼Steel 鋼Brass 黃銅Unit 15 air and waterArtic

15、 北極的Antarctic 南極的Coolant 冷卻劑Sedimentation 沉淀；沉降Chlorination 加氯消毒；氯化Cholera 霍亂Typhoid 傷寒Hazardous 有害的Dry deposition沉積作用Smog 煙霧Denitrification 反硝化作用；脫氮作用Greenhouse gas 溫室氣體Wavelength 波長(zhǎng)Infrared ray 紅外線(xiàn)Ultraviolet ray 紫外線(xiàn)Sacrificial protection 犧牲保護(hù)層Unit 16 the chemical industry Npk fertilizers 氮磷鉀化肥Con

16、tact process 制硫酸反應(yīng)Haber process 制氨反應(yīng)Raw materials 原材料Compressed 被壓縮的Chamber 室Compromise 妥協(xié)Quicklime 生石灰Slaked lime ca(oh)2Unit 17 organic chemistry and petrochemicalsHomologus series 同系列Alcohol 酵類(lèi)Carboxylic acids 羧酸Alkene 烯脛Alkane 烷脛Alkyne Structural isomers （結(jié)構(gòu)型）同分異構(gòu)體Fossil fuel 化石燃料Hydrocarbon 脛Fe

17、rmentation 發(fā)酵Gasoline 汽油Naphtha 石腦油Kerosene（paraffin）煤油Diesil oil（light gasoil）柴油Fuel oil（heavy gasoil）重柴油Lubricating oil 潤(rùn)滑油Bitumen 瀝青Unit 18 the variety of organic chemicalsSaturated 飽和的Photochemical reaction 光化學(xué)反應(yīng)Substitution reaction 取代反應(yīng)Hydrogenation reaction 制化反應(yīng)Addition reaction 加成反應(yīng)Refluxing

18、 回流冷卻Unit 19 polymersMacromolecules 高分子Monomer 單體Addition polymerization 加聚反應(yīng)Condensation polymerization縮聚反應(yīng)Biodegradable 可自然降解的Polyamide 聚酰胺Polyester 聚酯Unit 20 natural polymersCarbohydrates 碳水化合物Protein 蛋白質(zhì)Ester linkage 酯鍵Amide linkage 酰酯鍵Hydrolysis 水解Glycerol 甘油Fatty acids 脂肪酸Soap 肥皂Alkyl 烷基Altern

19、atve to practical sectionDemonstration 示范；示意Recognition 承認(rèn)Proccedure 過(guò)程Goggles 護(hù)目鏡Precision 精確度Sufficient 足夠的Anomalous 反常的Appendix I apparatus Tube 試管Flask 燒瓶Measuring cylinder 量筒Volumetric pipette 定量筒Burette 滴定管Volumetric flask 定量瓶Conical flask 錐形瓶Gas syringe 氣體注射器Lid 蓋子Separating funnel 分液漏斗Filter

20、 funnel 過(guò)濾漏斗Filter paper 濾紙Evaporating basin 蒸發(fā)皿Cold tile 點(diǎn)滴板Distillation flask 蒸餾瓶Thermometer 溫度計(jì)Condenser 冷凝管Fractionating column 分餾塔Chromatography paper色譜紙Gas jar 集氣瓶Metal cover金屬蓋Crocodile clip 夾子Cells電池Ammeter 電流表Stirrer stirring rod 攪拌棒Gauze石棉網(wǎng)Calorimeter 銅鍋Bunsen burner 本生燈Spirit burner 酒精燈Ba

21、lance 天平Funnel 漏斗Beaker 燒杯Safety tube 安全管（控制氣壓）Blast furnace 煉鐵爐Settlement tank 沉淀池Cooling chamber 冷卻室Water bath 水浴Pipette 滴管Spatula 藥匙Flat bottom flask 平底燒瓶Tripod 三腳架Pipeclay triangle 陶瓷三角Clamp 鐵圈Teat pipette 移液管Watch glass 表面皿Plunger 活塞Utube u型管Combustion spoon 燃燒匙Stand 鐵架臺(tái)Crucible 坩鍋Mortar 研體Tongs 坩鍋鉗Pestle 研棒；杵Rubber bung 橡膠塞Pipette filler 滴管填充器Volumetric pipette 定量滴管Twee