八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

1、八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)Unit6 Fun Cycling Topic1 Were going on a spring field trip 一. 重點(diǎn)詞匯 ( 一 ) 詞形轉(zhuǎn)換: 1.discuss(名詞) discussion 2.queen(對(duì)應(yīng)詞) king fortable(名詞) comfort 4.safely (形容詞) safe (名詞) safety ( 二 ) 詞的辨析 1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spend on 3. other /else 4. raise /rise 5.each /every

2、6.exciting / excited (三)重點(diǎn)詞組: 1.go on a visit to 去旅行 2. make the decision 做決定 3.bring back 帶回 4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行 5.decide on (upon) sth 對(duì)某事做出決定 6 see the sunrise 看日出 7. make a reservation 預(yù)訂 8. come up with 想出（主意） 9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望 10. pay for 支付；賠償 11. raise money 籌錢 12. boo

3、k a ticket 訂票 13. make a room for sb 為訂房間 14. have a wonderful time 玩得愉快 15. in the daytime 在白天 16. a two-day visit 為期兩天的旅行 17.find out 查出 18. some places of interest 名勝 19. rooms with bathtub 帶浴室的房間 20a hard (soft) sleeper 硬（軟）臥 21.my pleasure 不客氣 二重點(diǎn)句型及重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)言點(diǎn) 1. I have some exciting news to tell yo

4、u. 我有一些激動(dòng)人心的消息要告訴你們。 to tell you 是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)， 作定語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如： I have nothing to talk about. He has a lot of work to do. 2. Sounds great!= It sounds great! 聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯(cuò)。 3. We will go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai. 我們將要去泰山玩兩天。 go on a visit to 去參觀/旅游 They went to a visit to Egypt last year. 類似

5、有：go on a trip / go on a picnic a two-day visit 為期兩天的旅行 a two-month holiday 兩個(gè)月的假期 an eighteen-year-old boy 一個(gè)18歲的男孩 4Its hard to say. 這很難說(shuō)。To say 是動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，It 是形式主語(yǔ)。 如： Its nice to meet you. 5. Ill ask the airline on the phone. 我將打電話問(wèn)問(wèn)航空公司。同義句是： Ill phone and ask the airline. 6. Bring back your inf

6、ormation to class tomorrow and well decide on the best way to go on our field trip. 明天把你們查到的信息帶到班上來(lái)，然后我們來(lái)決定最好的郊游方式。 bring back 帶回。Please bring back your library books tomorrow. decide on/upon sth 決定，選定 Were trying to decide on a school. 7.Its too far for cycling. 騎自行車去路太遠(yuǎn)了。同義句是：It too far to cycle t

7、here. 8.How long does it take to reach Mount Tai by？乘去泰山要花多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？ 9How much does it cost to go there ?去那里要花多少錢？ How much does a standard room cost ? 一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)間的價(jià)格是多少？ 10.We have tickets at 120 yuan for the hard sleeper and 180 yuan for the soft sleeper. 我們的票價(jià)是硬臥120元，軟臥是180元。 at 意為“以”，一般用于表示價(jià)格，年齡，速度等詞的前面，fo

8、r 意為“供，適合于”。Ive got tickets at 80 yuan for The Sound of Music. 11.Id like to book 20 tickets for the hard sleeper. 我要預(yù)訂20張硬臥票。 20 tickets for the hard sleeper= 20 hard sleeper tickets book tickets 預(yù)訂票 book a room for sb/sth 為預(yù)訂房間 e.g. We want to book some rooms for 14th. 我們想預(yù)訂一些14號(hào)的房間。 12Please pay

9、for the tickets before 5:30 p.m. 請(qǐng)?jiān)谙挛?：30之前付款。 Pay for 支付 pay for sb to do sth 付錢給某人做某事 e.g. Her parents paid for her to go to America.她的父母支付她去美國(guó)的費(fèi)用. 13. I want to make a hotel reservation. 我想預(yù)訂房間。 make a reservation 預(yù)訂 14. We have rooms with a bathtub 我們有帶浴缸的房間。 with 有或帶著 a house with a swimming po

10、ol a standard room with two single beds 15.Its very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools. 在加拿大和美國(guó)的學(xué)校里籌錢是很正常的。raise money 籌錢 We can raise the money ourselves. 16.It costs each student one dollar to buy a ticket for the draw.每一個(gè)學(xué)生花一美元便可買到一張抽獎(jiǎng)的票。 (1)each 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù) Each of the students

11、 spends one dollar buying a ticket. （2）用于單數(shù)名詞前，作定語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Each student has their own e-mail address. (3)用于復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)后，作主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。They each have their own e-mail address. 17. I am looking forward to hearing from you . 我盼望收到你的來(lái)信。 Look forward to 盼望，期待 They are looking forward to solving the problem. 三.重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法

12、 動(dòng)詞不定式 （1） 動(dòng)詞不定式常跟這些及物動(dòng)詞之后，want ,refuse, forget, need , try, learn , like, agree, help, hope ,decide, begin等?？捎庙樋诹铮ㄒ刖芙^忘記，需要努力學(xué)習(xí)，喜歡同意幫助，希望決定開(kāi)始） （2） 不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not. My mother decided not to buy a computer for me. （3） 不定式可以和疑問(wèn)詞who , which ,when, where ,how, what等連用。 Can you tell me what to say

13、at the meeting ? I dont know how to get to the station. （4） 本topic出現(xiàn)的句子有： I have some exciting news to tell you. I want to make a hotel reservation. It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools. The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers. I think the most exciting way is

14、to sell flowers in the evening. Kangkang helped us to book the train tickets. Topic2 How about exploring the Ming Tombs ? 一、重點(diǎn)詞匯： （一）詞形轉(zhuǎn)換： 1.explore(名詞) explore 2. east (形容詞) eastern 3.north(形容詞) northern 4. push (反義詞) pull 5.sadly(形容詞) sad (名詞) sadness 6. crowd (形容詞) crowded （二）重點(diǎn)詞組: 1.make a plan

15、擬定計(jì)劃 2. make sure 確信，確保 3. come along with 和一起來(lái) 4. at the foot of 在的腳下 5. be surprised at 對(duì)感到驚奇 6. be satisfied with 對(duì)感到滿意 7. out of sight 看不見(jiàn) 8. step on ones toes 踩著某人的腳 9. cant help doing sth 忍不住做某事 10. spread over 分布于 11.rush out 沖出去 12.raise ones head 抬頭 13.ask sb for help 向某人求助 14.thank goodnes

16、s 謝天謝地 二 重點(diǎn)句型及重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)言點(diǎn) 1. While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.當(dāng)你在旅行時(shí)， 我正忙于準(zhǔn)備考試。 (1)be busy doing sth,/ be busy with sth 忙于做某事 Im busy preparing for my birthday party these days. (2)while 當(dāng)時(shí)候，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)作在正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作也同時(shí)進(jìn)行。While my mother was cooking , I was watching TV

17、. 2.Would you help me plan a trip ? 請(qǐng)你幫我定個(gè)旅行計(jì)劃好嗎？ Would you 比will you 語(yǔ)氣更加客氣，委婉, 類似還有could you Could you come along with us ? 3. They surveyed the area to make sure their tombs faced south and had mountains at the back. 他們仔細(xì)勘測(cè)了整個(gè)區(qū)域，確保這些陵墓是坐北朝南，而且在背后有群山環(huán)繞。 make sure 確信，確保 Make sure all the windows ar

18、e closed before you leave. 4.Its about two and a half hours by bike. 騎自行車大約要2個(gè)半小時(shí)。 Two and a half hours = two hours and a half 5.Its to the east of Yongling. 它在永陵的東面。 to the +方位詞+of (表示互不接壤) Japan is to the east of China. on the +方位詞+of (表示相互接壤)Fujian is on the south of Zhejang . in the +方位詞+of 表示在某

19、一范圍內(nèi)的地區(qū) Beijing is in the north of China. 6.They walked into Dingling and were surprised at the wonders. 他們走進(jìn)定陵，對(duì)那里的奇觀感到很驚奇。 be surprised at 對(duì)感到很驚奇 He is surprised at dragons. be surprised to do sth 驚奇地做某事 She was surprised to find she was lost. 7.so they had to look for space to park their bikes 他們

20、不得不尋找停自行車的地方 space 空間 Can you make space for this old man ? 8. While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped on his toes. 當(dāng)人群從四面八方擠來(lái)時(shí)，有人踩了他的腳。 in ones direction 朝著某人的方向 step on ones toes踩了某人的腳 step on sth 踩某物 Dont step on the flowers and grass. 9.When he finally rushed out

21、 of the crowd, he noticed his friends were both out of sight. 當(dāng)他最后沖出人群時(shí)，他注意到他的兩個(gè)朋友都不見(jiàn)了。 notice sb do sth 注意某人做了某事 notice sb doing sth注意某人正在做某事 10. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily. 三個(gè)男孩一見(jiàn)面，就高興得跳了起來(lái)。 as soon as 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 意為“一就” He left as soon as he heard the news.

22、Ill tell him as soon as I see him. 11.He didnt raise his head until someone called his name. 直到有人喊他的名字，他才抬起頭。 not until 直到才 12.They were so lovely that we couldnt help playing with them. 它們太可愛(ài)了，我們禁不住和它們一起玩。 cant help doing sth 忍不住做某事 When I heard the funny news, I couldnt help laughing. 13. I am sat

23、isfied with everything in China. 我對(duì)在中國(guó)的一切感到滿意。 be satisfied with 對(duì)感到滿意 He is satisfied with my work. 14. We even asked the guard for help. 我們甚至向保安尋求幫助。 ask sb for help 向某人求助 The lost boy asked the police for help. 三.重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 1。引導(dǎo)詞： （1） when, while , as 當(dāng)時(shí)候. when 后可跟短暫性動(dòng)詞也可跟延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；while 后跟延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；as

24、多用于口語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)同一時(shí)間，或一前一后。 The students were talking in the classroom when the teacher came in. = While the students were talking in the classroom , the teacher came in. 學(xué)生在教室里談話時(shí)，老師進(jìn)來(lái)了。 Mother always sings as she cooks dinner for us. 媽媽總是邊給我們做飯邊唱歌。 （2）not until 直到才，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用短暫性動(dòng)詞。 I wont leave here until t

25、he rain stops. He didnt sleep until his mother came back home. (3) after 在之后，before 在之前，as soon as 一就 I went to sleep after I finished my homework.= I finished my homework before I went to sleep. As soon as the bell rings , the students will go into the classroom. 2. 時(shí)態(tài) （1）當(dāng)主句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí)，從句常用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。 Wh

26、ile I was doing my homework , the telephone rang. (2)當(dāng)主句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般將來(lái)時(shí)， 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing. 本topic出現(xiàn)的句子有： 1.While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams. 2.He didnt raise his head until someone called his name. 3.While the crowd was pushing him i

27、n different directions, someone stepped on his toes. .4. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily. 5.After they rode their bikes for two and a half hours, Kangkanf , Michael and Darren arrived at the Ming Tombs. 6.As they were exploring happily, the crowd became larger an

28、d larger. Topic3 Bicycles are popular with people 一、重點(diǎn)詞匯： （一）詞形轉(zhuǎn)換： 1. death (動(dòng)詞) die (形容詞 )dead 2 slow (副詞) slowly 3.crossing（動(dòng)詞）cross 介詞） across 4. success（動(dòng)詞）succeed (形容詞successful 5Pain (形容詞) painful 6. lead (名詞) leader 7.final (副詞) finally 8impossible (反義詞) possible 9 courage （動(dòng)詞） encourage （二）重

29、點(diǎn)詞組: 1Slow down 減速 2. run into 撞到 3. avoid doing sth 避免 防止做某事 4. warn sb to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事 5. ride into 進(jìn)入 躋身于 6 get used to (doing) 習(xí)慣于做某事 7. a sharp turn 急轉(zhuǎn)彎 8. be popular with 受的歡迎 9. get a fine 處以罰金 10. go on doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事 11. the way to success 成功之路 12. obey the traffic rules 遵守交通規(guī)則 13.bre

30、ak the traffic rules 違反交通規(guī)則 14. be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事 15.be famous for 因聞名 16. be in danger 處于危險(xiǎn)中 17.after a while 一會(huì)兒 二 重點(diǎn)句型及重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)言點(diǎn) 1I think traffic in Beijing is crazy. 我認(rèn)為北京的交通很擁堵。 traffic 是不可數(shù)名詞 2. If people obey the traffic rules , there will be fewer accidents. 如果人們都遵守交通規(guī)則，交通事故將會(huì)減少。 If w

31、e break the traffic rules, it will be dangerous and we will get a fine.如果人們違反交通規(guī)則，將很危險(xiǎn)，我們會(huì)受到處罰的。 這是if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 3I feel a little more confident. 我感到自信多了。 more confident 是比較級(jí) 4. It can help us save energy and avoid pollution. 這樣可以節(jié)約能源以及避免空氣污染。 avoid sth / doing sth 避免做某事 You should avoid making the mistake like that. He ran into the wall to avoid hitting the truck. 5.Bicycles are popular with people. 自行車深受人們歡迎。 Be popular with 受歡迎 6 It warns us