Lisa美語(yǔ)筆記整理

1、-WOR曲式一專業(yè)資料-可編輯-兀日日索：通用：?jiǎn)卧簦呵霸簦?i/i:/e/?/后元音：/u/u:/ ? / / ? :/ / ? /a:/中元音：/? / ? :/雙元音：合口雙元音：/ei/ai/ ? i/ /au/ / ? u/集口雙元音：/i ? / / ? ? / /u ? /KK:單元音：/i/ / ? / / ? / /?/ /a?/ ? / / ? /? / /u/ / ? / / ? /雙元音：/e/o/a ? / /a ? / / ? ? /DJ:單元音：前元音：/?/i:/e/?/后元音：/? /u:/ ?/?:/?/ H中元音：/? / ? :/雙元音：合口雙元音：

2、/e? /a ? / ? ? /a ? / ? /集口雙元音：/? ? /e ? / ? ? /k/ /g/s/ /z/ /t /d ? /輔音音素KK&DJ :爆破音：/p/ /b/t/ /d/摩擦音：/f/v/ 0 / /e/? / /r/h/破擦音：/ts/ /dz/ /tr/ /dr/鼻音：/m/n/?/邊音：/l/半元音：/w/j/1 .兀首首素/i/ ? / ? /?/ a?/ (/ ?/)/?/?/ /u/ ? / / ? /e/ /o/ /a ? / /a ? / / ? ? / please see meat believe this difficult if din

3、ner bed men dress friend apple man stand angry hot topic office modern but gun jump love always tall bought thought book foot pull push took moon shoes room blue first Thursday girl work late gate baseball stay OK go drove slow moment time wild nine dining now house ground announce enjoy noise boys

4、annoying2 .中性/松元音/?/?/?/?/ 緊元 音 /i/?/ / a /u/ / ? /fool - full hot - hut steel - still bag - beg3 ./i/ 與/ ? /i/嘴唇向兩邊收緊，扁唇；舌頭在口腔里向后收 緊see cheese please beat believe deceive/? /嘴唇放松；舌頭位于正常位置，放松if different this thing system gym feet - fit leave - live sleep - slip these - this feel - fill steel - stil

5、l eat - it beach - bitch sheet - shit注意：主要區(qū)別不是長(zhǎng)短而是緊松。被強(qiáng)調(diào) 時(shí)，松元音也可變長(zhǎng)Wow, your house is big!4 ./a/ 與/ ? /a/上下張大嘴，把舌頭貼在口腔底部，舌尖觸 碰下齒hot father army watch/? /嘴唇放松；舌頭位于正常位置，放松up funbut number cousin countrylove son other done/a/發(fā)音通常較長(zhǎng)，特別是重讀的名詞和形容詞That' s impossible.I love my new job.shot - shut Don - d

6、one lock - luck cop - cupnot - nut robber - rubber5 ./u/ 與/? /u/雙唇收?qǐng)A，小圓唇food moon blue true/? /雙唇稍撅look took shook would could should push pullfool - full Luke - look pool - pull6./?/嘴角向兩邊拉開(kāi)；上下齒高度為食指中指指 尖疊加高度；舌頭下貼，向后收緊。英美發(fā)音不同：class math math class發(fā)音通常較長(zhǎng)，特別是名詞和動(dòng)詞apple angry man fat dance class dance

7、classLos Angeles California random answer7 ./? /上下張口，口型呈橢圓形，像雞蛋，略撅嘴。英美發(fā)音不同call tall fall small always automobile August audience applaud saw law awfulHe paused in the hall to talk with Paul.The author talked to the small audience.We all thought you bought it at the mall.It' s awful that he alway

8、s breaks the law!He' s exhausted because h es been walking all day long.8 ./o/滑動(dòng)post moment go flow slow show road boat soapNo, I don ' t.Don' t go.so slow almost over9 ./? / ? / 一短，一長(zhǎng)發(fā)音方式/ ? /+/r/her teacher grammar learn heard bird first girl work worry word nurse hurt work early learn

9、 the words early bird perfect world10 .單詞重音重讀音節(jié)內(nèi)的元音要讀得重而長(zhǎng)banana Canada biology photography句子中的重讀：確定重讀單詞，重讀音節(jié)內(nèi)的元音要讀得重 而長(zhǎng)I love my new job.I love it.I have to call him.You' re really tall.It' s hot.Let' s go to the park.I got a job at the hospital.11 .單詞非重讀音節(jié)的弱化symbol 10cg record句子中的弱讀Let&

10、#39; s meetat two o' clock.I' d like to talk to the pilot.Let' s meetfor breakfast.I' d love to go for a walk.12 .輔音/p/b/t/d/k/ /g/f/v/ 0 /e/s/ /z/?/ /r/h/ts/dz/ /tr/ /dr/ /t /d ? /m/n/? / /l/w/j/13發(fā)準(zhǔn)每一個(gè)音句子中單詞的每個(gè)輔音都要發(fā)音到位。因此，我們?cè)谥v英語(yǔ)時(shí)要 注意自己的口型probably in general seven twelve數(shù)字練習(xí)：1-2014清

11、輔音與濁輔音/p/ /b/t/ /d/ /k /g/f/ /v/ /e/s/z/?/tr/ /dr/ /t /d ? / /ts/ /dz/清輔音前的元音發(fā)音較短，濁輔音前的元音發(fā) 音較長(zhǎng)ice - eyes back - bag safe - save pick - piglock - log light - lied leaf - leave cup - cub15./ 0 / /e/舌尖位于兩齒間，輕觸上齒，氣流由舌尖和上齒間流出bath both math Thank you. Thursday thirsty anything healthy father mother there

12、this soothe16./1/尾音/l/ :釋放舌頭，讓舌尖觸碰上齒后面并 停留，氣流由舌頭兩側(cè)流，softer and longer; 要能聽(tīng)出清晰的音call Bill school wall feel ill feel illawful film awful filmlittle animal little animalI' ll call you to tell you about the film.I feel terrible about the political scandal,I think I ' ll be able to handle it by m

13、yself.You' ll do well at school.17 ./r/舌頭卷曲，不接觸口腔，向后面拉英式英語(yǔ)元音因素后的/r/通常不發(fā)出來(lái)hear learn teacher German Robert Parker first person computer picture over there park18 ./W/卷起嘴唇，肺部有大量的氣流流出，聲帶振 動(dòng)wait welcome alwaysquick quiet question require quality liquid19 ./v/上齒輕觸上唇，濁輔音very vote five eleven seven vil

14、lage visit vacation Novembervow - wow vet - wet vine - wine vest - west20 ./s/ /z/has is was because these those please alwaysbooks bags boyslaughs feels plays名詞復(fù)數(shù)及動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)/s/ &/z/讀法清輔音后讀/s/濁輔音或元音后讀/z/21停頓輔音與連續(xù)輔音停頓輔音爆破音 /p/ /b/t/ /d/k/ /g/連續(xù)輔音/s/ /z/f/ /v/ 9 / /e/ /?/ /? /音節(jié)后的/m/n/l/爆破音后接輔音時(shí)失去爆破

15、爆破首在句尾時(shí)失去爆破不釋放的/t/ :位于句尾，或后接可連讀外的 輔音No, it' s not.I' m not that hot.You' re quite right.I can' t do it.I want that blue hat.Robert, you might be right.It' s not that different.What did you eat last night?I can' t wait for that flight.22 .當(dāng)/t/處于兩元音之間，聽(tīng)起來(lái)像輕而快的/d/ ,彈跳/d/better c

16、ity ability water little auto automatic metal dataYes,it is.I got up at eleven o clock.Do you want to get in or get out?I bought it at a computer store.What a nice day it is!23 .同一音節(jié)內(nèi)，當(dāng)/t/后面跟著/n/時(shí)發(fā)出en 聲：發(fā)/t/時(shí)，把舌頭保持在上齒齦，然后直 接發(fā)/n/ ,讓氣流由鼻腔流出，發(fā)出 en聲written mountain certain curtainI am certain that'

17、s the tallest mountain.My cotton shirt has buttons.I have forgotten when the book was written.Martin was born in Great Britain.24 ./? /thinking working practising interesting thing/ ?/的連讀What are you thinking of?What are you talking about?bringing singing hanger25 ./tr/dr/短輕/t /d ? /后接/r/try travel

18、tradition introduce controldry drama drop drastic address hundred Sandra26 ./t /d ? /t+u=/t / /d+u=/d ? /actually statue nature picturegraduate educate schedule individual連讀中的同化/t/ +/j/=/t/ /Why can' t you do it?/d/+/j/=/d? / Did you do it?Would you like to see the schedule? Aren' t you grad

19、uating in the spring? Can' t you see the statue?Did you get a college education?27動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式讀法動(dòng)詞以/t/d/結(jié)尾）ed讀/id/waited needed painted completed attended counted invited動(dòng)詞以除了 /t/的清輔音結(jié)尾，ed讀/t/stopped worked parked cooked passed laughed pushed watched動(dòng)詞以除了 /d/的濁輔音或元音結(jié)尾,ed讀/d/robbed loved realized used c

20、alled played28 .節(jié)奏和語(yǔ)調(diào)重讀與弱讀構(gòu)成了節(jié)奏29 .音節(jié)重讀音節(jié)的概念重讀音節(jié)的元音發(fā)音更響亮更長(zhǎng) (louder,longer and higher in pitch)seat science success audiovisual urbandecade colleague female Japan Iran locate donate detail parenthesis necessary ? n? s? ? s? ri necessity30雙音節(jié)詞讀音規(guī)則90%的名詞，前一個(gè)音節(jié)重讀office problem window paper building moth

21、er father60%-70%的動(dòng)詞，后一個(gè)音節(jié)重讀apply agree create relax complain enjoy同一個(gè)單詞名詞和動(dòng)詞的不同讀法record object progress insult conflict present insert recall31.“ ate”組合的單詞動(dòng)詞讀/et/名詞或形容詞讀/? t/graduate estimate articulate動(dòng)詞/et/negotiate abbreviate calculate nominate donate形容詞或名詞/? t/delicate chocolate accurate affecti

22、onateintimate32后綴的重讀規(guī)則-ese重讀后綴Chinese Japanese Portuguese-eer重讀后綴pioneer volunteer engineer-ique重讀后綴antique boutique critique technique-ic重讀后綴前的音節(jié)realistic elastic electric strategic optimistic terrific pacific從名詞到形容重讀的變化origin - original industry - industrial memory - memorial finance - financial-W

23、OR曲式一專業(yè)資料-可編輯-president - presidential33.非重讀音節(jié)：輕而短madam problem symptom album o' clock doctor photography atom Adam讀音相同的不同單詞lesson - lessen profit - prophet seller - cellar caller - collar兩讀音不同economy memory control contain develop Europe information commercial 34句子中單詞重讀的依據(jù)重讀單詞的重讀音節(jié)要 louder,long

24、er and higher in pitch實(shí)詞重讀，虛詞（功能詞）弱讀I will be driving to the market to buy something to eat.I will be driving to the market to buy something to eat.實(shí)詞+實(shí)詞后一詞通常重讀I got a new job.Do me a favor.See you later.Let' s go for a walk.Did you do your homework?謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)為代詞，謂語(yǔ)要重讀Did you get it?Did you get th

25、e job?Did you see it?Did you see the film?Who stole it?Who stole my money?Who stole the money from me?I was washing the dishes for her.He' s fixing the car for them.I just got a new job.I am so excited about it. I couldn' t find one for a long time.I' m working at the store. I' m sel

26、ling women' s shoes.I started working there last week.On the first day, I was really nervous.There was so much to learn.35.長(zhǎng)句子朗讀根據(jù)語(yǔ)速，劃分信息單位（意群，虛擬分組）；確定信息單位中的焦點(diǎn)詞（關(guān)鍵詞），焦點(diǎn)詞 通常在信息單位的后面部分；停頓多數(shù)發(fā)生在信息單位間，和出現(xiàn)焦點(diǎn)詞的時(shí)候I was driving to the market to get something to eat,because I was very hungry.I was watchin

27、g a movie with my friends when suddenly it started to rain.I was watching a movie with my friends when suddenly it started to rain.I was so tired that I couldn t wait to get home.I was so tired that I couldn t wait to get home.If I forget to pay my bill, please remind me about it.He wants to know if

28、 you need anything from the supermarket.Did you know it was snowing in all parts of the East Coast?When we climbed to the top of the mountain we could see the ocean.When we climbed to the top of the mountain we could see the ocean.36形容詞+名詞：重讀名詞It' s a hot day.You did a good job.I have blond hair

29、.I' m wearing a black jacket.I' m wearing a black blouse and a black jacket.I have brown eyes.I had a nice job.I have an older brother.I went to a party and I had a good time.That was fast.That was a fast flight.I have five.I have five dollars.It' s old.It' s an older film.He' s

30、younger.He' s my younger brother. （younger 作形容 詞時(shí)，與作比較級(jí)時(shí)的讀法不同）That was great.I had a great time.I have an older brother and a younger sister.She has brown hair and blue eyes.That old lady has a little dog.My new car has four doors.I read a good book during the long flight.雙形容詞+名詞：重讀前一形容詞和名詞big b

31、lack dogangry old manlong hot shower現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，與動(dòng)名詞不同?，F(xiàn)在分詞不 重讀，動(dòng)名詞則須重讀，如：a sleeping ' child 現(xiàn)在分詞不重讀a 'sleeping car動(dòng)名詞須重讀如何區(qū)分現(xiàn)在分詞與動(dòng)名詞：現(xiàn)在分詞表示其所修飾的名詞的 動(dòng)作，也可以 說(shuō)現(xiàn)在分詞與其所修飾的名詞在邏輯上具有 主謂關(guān)系。動(dòng)名詞則表示其所修飾的名詞的性質(zhì)或用途，二者在邏輯上無(wú)主謂關(guān)系。以以上兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)為例，現(xiàn)在分詞 sleeping即表 示其所修飾的名詞child的動(dòng)作，在邏輯上， child是主語(yǔ)，sleeping是謂語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞 sleeping

32、則表示其所修飾的名詞car的用途，二者在邏 輯上沒(méi)有主謂關(guān)系。37.名詞短語(yǔ)和復(fù)合名詞的重讀：重讀前一單詞eyelid eyebrow forehead earringhair style hair color hair brush hair salonbook shelf washing machine laptop window framedriver' s license credit card cellphone car keys chewing gumPlease give me your phone number with the area code first.My ho

33、use has three bedrooms and two bathrooms.I got a headache from the loud rock music.The police officer was on a motorcycle.After their wedding day they went on their honeymoon.roomDon ' t put the newspaper in the trashcan.I bought a birthday present for my38動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)（動(dòng)詞+副詞）的重讀規(guī)則：重讀 副詞注意辨別 動(dòng)詞+副詞 與 不及物動(dòng)

34、詞+介賓 兩種情況。前者副詞為實(shí)詞，修飾動(dòng)詞，須重讀）如：" Put on your coat：;后者介詞為虛 詞）不重讀如：" I' 11100k after him.”。1 .在“動(dòng)詞+副詞”短語(yǔ)中，若賓語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)， 則該名詞既可放在動(dòng)詞與副詞之間，也可放在 副詞之后；若賓語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，則該代詞只可放 在動(dòng)詞與副詞之間，不可放在副詞之后。It's time for breakfast. Wake the boy up It's time for breakfast. Wake up the boy. It's time for breakf

35、ast. Wake him up.2 .在“動(dòng)詞+介詞”短語(yǔ)中，其賓語(yǔ)無(wú)論是名 詞還是代詞，都須放在介詞后面。不及物動(dòng)詞 加上介詞后，才能構(gòu)成一個(gè)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的 短語(yǔ)。Listen to me.Look at the blackboard.如何判斷動(dòng)詞后面的小品詞是副詞還是介詞 呢？1 .介詞后面必須跟名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)Look after the baby.Send for a doctor.副詞后面可以帶賓語(yǔ)，此時(shí)副詞之前的動(dòng)詞一定是及物動(dòng)詞。Put on the coat或 Put the coat on.副詞后面也可以不帶賓語(yǔ)，此時(shí)副詞前的動(dòng)詞 一定是不及物動(dòng)詞。In spring t

36、he flowers start to come out.2 .“動(dòng)詞+副詞”短語(yǔ)中的副詞對(duì)動(dòng)詞起修飾、 補(bǔ)充作用，而“動(dòng)詞+介詞”短語(yǔ)中的介詞則 不起這個(gè)作用。3 .“動(dòng)詞+副詞”短語(yǔ)中的副詞與動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ) 存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。而“動(dòng)詞 +介詞” 短語(yǔ)中則不存在這種關(guān)系。如：1)The lift takes him down賓語(yǔ) him 與副詞 down 存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。2) Go down the road, you'll find the hospital.賓語(yǔ) the road與介詞down不存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān) 系。簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)，副詞是實(shí)詞，可以用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞， 形容詞，其

37、他副詞和句子。動(dòng)副詞組后面能否 接名詞取決于動(dòng)詞的詞性。如果前面是不及物 動(dòng)詞，則后面不接名詞，如 speak aloud如果前面是及物動(dòng)詞，則后面必須接名詞做該 動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，該名詞可以放于副詞之前也可以 放于副詞之后，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，比較長(zhǎng)的名詞詞組 多置于副詞之后，但是代詞則必須置于動(dòng)詞之 后副詞之前, 如 put on your coat => put it on。 這里on作為副詞對(duì)動(dòng)詞put的方位進(jìn)行修飾 限制。介詞是虛詞，又稱前置詞，用法如其名，后面 必須接名詞或可以代替名詞的詞（如代詞、動(dòng) 名詞或名詞性從句等）做該介詞的賓語(yǔ)。動(dòng)介 詞組后面必須接一個(gè)名詞，與動(dòng)詞無(wú)關(guān)。如果前面是不

38、及物動(dòng)詞，則構(gòu)成動(dòng)+介+名結(jié)構(gòu)，如 laugh at the boy如果前面是及物動(dòng)詞，則是動(dòng)+名+介+名結(jié)構(gòu)） 如 put the book on the desk可以看出來(lái)，詞組最后面的名詞與前面的動(dòng)詞 無(wú)直接關(guān)系）是介詞at和on所指向的目標(biāo)。I found out about it.Can you look it over for me?I' ll think it over and I' ll call you back.I can' t figure out why it broke down.When he grew up he moved out.動(dòng)詞短

39、語(yǔ)化的名詞讀法：重讀前一音節(jié)work out - workout make up - makeup check up - checkup break up - breakupturn off - turnoff print out - printoutI wanna work out.I had a great workout.I' d like to buy some new makeup.I went to a doctor to get a medical checkup.They decided to break up.It was a very painful breakup

40、.That' s a real turn-off.I would like to print out the information.Please give me the printout39 .人名和地名重讀兩個(gè)音節(jié)一一重讀最后一個(gè)South America United KingdomLos Angeles /l? s'?nd? ? l? s/ Las Vegas /l as'veic? s/ Mexico City South AfricaCentral ParkGeorge Washington Barack Obama ba :'r?kJulia Ro

41、berts Brad Pitt Tom Cruise兩個(gè)音節(jié)一一重讀最后一個(gè)Martin Luther King John Fitzgerald KennedyJohn Wilson and Bob Jones went to SouthAmerica.Central Park is in New York.His father likes Bob Dylan, but his grandfather likes Frank Sinatra.Barack Obama was elected president of the United States.Is that Julia Roberts

42、 or Nicole Kidman?40 .縮寫(xiě)詞和數(shù)字重讀縮寫(xiě)詞：重讀后一字母，是一個(gè)整體，注意連 讀現(xiàn)象CNN UCLA PhD ASAP PC HTMLDVD CD IQParker: PAR - KER數(shù)詞：重讀后一數(shù)詞thirty seven ninety nine fifty eight eight hundred twelvearea code 310-555 8239An important day in American history is July fourth, seventeen, seventy six.He was born in nineteen eighty

43、seven.I went to work at 9:15 and came home at 5:45.Flight 507 left LAX at 7:25.This CD costs $19.99.He was born in LA in 1987.When they got married, he was 31 and she was 29.41特殊重讀：特別強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)的重讀This is the best ice cream 'I ve ever had.正常重 讀This is the best ice cream 'I ve ever had.This is the bi

44、ggest dog 1 ve ever seen.在日常交談中通常不需要用到特殊重讀I love your new car.You don' t smoke, do you?I used to smoke.I don' t smoke now but I used to smoke.You will not go there tomorrow night, right?I will go.Do you speak French? Or German?I speak French and German.Mary made a cake for my birthday.42聲調(diào)陳述

45、句、祈使句、特殊疑問(wèn)句通常降調(diào)一般疑問(wèn)句通常降調(diào)All right. All right?Hello? Who is calling?Hello. Nice to meet you.I like it.Have a nice day.My name is Bob.It' s cold outside.I' m tired.I' m hungry because I haven t eaten all day.I feel good.Today is Monday.I' m gonna go to work soon.How are you?How old are

46、 you?Where do you live?What do you do?Where were you born?How did you do that?Are you hungry?Did you eat?Did he go?Did you like it?Did you call me?Are you angry at me?Why are you angry at me?Is it hot in there?Why is it so hot in there?Did you get there late?Why did you get there late?Have you been

47、to New York?How many times have you been to New York?Did it start?What time did it start?43句子里聲調(diào)變化列舉多個(gè)物品或動(dòng)作的句子中：前幾個(gè)名詞升 調(diào)或降升調(diào)，最后的名詞或動(dòng)作降調(diào)I bought chicken, fish, apples, and sugar at the supermarket.I woke up, ate breakfast and went to work.I like to run, to play tennis and to swim.I have milk, water,

48、butter and eggs.We have coke, water, lemonade , ice cream and iced tea in the fridge.句子中，前半句升調(diào)或降升調(diào)表未完成I think it' s gonna rain, but I' m not sure.I' d love to eat that, but I' m on a diet.If you give me your number, I' ll call you.引導(dǎo)短語(yǔ)，使用升調(diào)或降升調(diào)on the other hand however in my opin

49、ionOn the other hand, maybe I ll go.On the other hand, I' ll take the blue one.If you ask me, I think you did a good job.If I were you, I would talk to him.選擇疑問(wèn)句，前者升調(diào)，后者降調(diào)Should I call you or send you an email?Do you like chicken or beef?Does he have green eyes, or blue eyes?Is he a young man or

50、 an old man?Are you married or single?They have four children ages seven, nine, eleven and fourteen.I went to the gym, came home and called my friend.As far as I know, I' m not allergic to anything. According to the weather report, it s going to rain.44 .高級(jí)技巧：連讀，省讀，正式場(chǎng)合與非正 式場(chǎng)合口語(yǔ)45 .輔音+元音連讀：自然流暢的

51、語(yǔ)流連讀時(shí)注意：連讀不不是讀的快連讀遵從弱讀、重讀原則信息單位間不連讀in an instantJohn is a friend of mine.I' m an actor.build up come over call up for a while where is what ifHold on a minute.Give me a cup of coffee.Just a momentIt' s all I' ll need for a while.Where is his uncle?Does everybody here work out?Can I think

52、 it over?Why did Adam bring it up again?46輔音間的連讀相同輔音連讀：只讀后一輔音?？缮晕⒀娱L(zhǎng)后 一輔音，但不要停頓Bill likes swimming.I' m gonna stop practising.I' ll see you next time.I wish she would call me.I had a bad day yesterday.There are nine nails left.His name is Bob BarkerI love vegetables.Everything is going great.

53、I used to smoke.（注意：used to詞組中used的讀音為/just/ ; 表示“用過(guò)的”時(shí)讀音為/juzd/ ）相同發(fā)音點(diǎn)的輔音相連：只讀后一輔音。相同發(fā)音點(diǎn)輔音組：/p/ /b/ /m/t/ /d/ /n/ /l/k/ /g/ / ?/f/v/ 0 / /e/ /s/ /z/?/ /tr/ /dr/ /t/d?/ /ts/dz/I have five friends.I have a big kitchen.It' s supposed to be a good movie.I need to go.注意：爆破音的失爆現(xiàn)象I wish she would talk to me.Did that man know about the situation?I could drive you there right now.He always seems so happy.I used to work crazy hours but the