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1、劍橋商務(wù)英語(yǔ)BEC閱讀需掌握的70個(gè)關(guān)鍵句 1It作先行主語(yǔ)和先行賓語(yǔ)的一些句型 Shehadsaidwhatitwasnecessarytosay. 2強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 Itisnotwhorulesusthatisimportant,buthowherulesus. 3"All+抽象名詞"或"抽象名詞+itself"very+形容詞 Hewasallgentlenesstoher. 4利用詞匯重復(fù)表示強(qiáng)調(diào) Acrimeisacrimeacrime. 5"somethingmuchof"和"nothinglittleof"

2、;"somethingof"相當(dāng)于"tosomeextent",表示程度。在疑問(wèn)句或條件從句中,那么為"anythingof",可譯為"有點(diǎn)","略微等。""譯為毫無(wú)","全無(wú)"。"muchof"譯為"大有","notmuchof"可譯為"算不上","稱(chēng)不上","littleof"可譯為"幾乎無(wú)"。somethingl

3、ike譯為"有點(diǎn)像,略似。" Theysaythathehadnouniversityeducation,butheseemstobesomethingofascholar. 6同格名詞修飾是指of前后的兩個(gè)名詞都指同一個(gè)人或物,"of"以及它前面的名詞構(gòu)一個(gè)形容詞短語(yǔ),以修飾"of"后面的那個(gè)名詞。如"heroldsharperofafather",可譯為:"她那騙子般的父親"。 Thosepigsofgirlseatsomuch. 7asascanmaybe Itisasplainaspla

4、incanbe. 8"Itisinwithasinwith" Itisinlifeasinajourney. 9"asgoodas"相等于,就像,幾乎如;實(shí)際上,其實(shí),實(shí)在。 Themerchantasgoodaspromisedtheorphanboy,thathewouldadopthim. 10"manyaswellas"和"mightaswellas""manyaswellas"可譯為"與其,不如,更好","以這樣做為宜","如同,也可以

5、"等等。"mightaswellas"表示不可能的事,可譯為"猶如","可與一樣荒唐","與其那樣不如這樣的好"等等。 Onemayaswellnotknowathingatallasknowitimperfectly. 11"tomakeof"的譯法使成為,把當(dāng)作 Iwillmakeascientistofmyson. 12oo+不定式",notnevertoo+不定式","toonot+不定式 Sheistooangrytospeak. 13only(

6、not,all,but,never)tootodoso"和"tooready(apt)+todo"結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式也沒(méi)有否認(rèn)意義,但凡"not","all""but等字后+"tooto,"不定式都失去了否認(rèn)意義,在"tooreadyapt+todo"結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式也沒(méi)有否認(rèn)意義。 Youknowbuttooyelltoholdyourtongue. 14"nomorethan"句型 Ahomewithoutloveisnomoreahomethanabody

7、withoutasoulisaman. 15"notsomuchas"和"notsomuchas"結(jié)構(gòu),"notsomuchas"="notsomuchas",其中as有進(jìn)可換用butrather,可譯為:"與其說(shuō)是毋須說(shuō)是"。而"notsomuchas"="withoutnoteven,"可譯為"甚至還沒(méi)有"。 Theoceansdonotsomuchdividetheworldasuniteit. 16"Nothingis

8、morethan"和"Nothingissoas"結(jié)構(gòu),"Nothingismorethan"和"Nothingissoas"都具有最高級(jí)比擬的意思,"NothingI"可換用"no","nobody","nowhere","little","few","hardly","scarcely"等等,可譯為"沒(méi)有比更為","像再?zèng)]有了&quo

9、t;,"最"等。 Nothingismorepreciousthantime. 17"cannottoo"結(jié)構(gòu),"cannottoo"意為"Itisimpossibletooverdo"或者,即"無(wú)論怎樣也不算過(guò)分"。"not"可換用"hardly","scarcely"等,"too"可換用"enough","sufficient"等 Youcannotbetoocareful

10、. 18"否認(rèn)+but"結(jié)構(gòu),在否認(rèn)詞后面的"but",具有"whichnot","whonot","thatnot",等等否認(rèn)意義,構(gòu)成前后的雙重否認(rèn)??勺g成"沒(méi)有不是"或"都"等 Nothingissobadbutitmighthavebeenworse.19"否認(rèn)+until(till)"結(jié)構(gòu),在否認(rèn)詞"no","not","never","little&quo

11、t;,"few","seldom"等的后邊所接用的"until/till",多數(shù)情況下譯為"直到才","要才",把否認(rèn)譯為肯定。 Nobodyknowswhathecandotillhehastried. 20"notsobut"和"notsuchabut"結(jié)構(gòu),這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)和"否認(rèn)+but"的結(jié)構(gòu)差不多,不同之點(diǎn)是這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中的"but"是含有"thatnot"意味的連續(xù)詞,表示程度??勺g為&qu

12、ot;還沒(méi)有到不能做的程度","并不是不","無(wú)論怎樣也不是不能"等。 Heisnotsosickbuthecancometoschool. 21"疑問(wèn)詞+shouldbut"結(jié)構(gòu),這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)表示過(guò)去的意外的事,意為"nonebut",可譯為"除了還有誰(shuí)會(huì)","豈料","想不到竟是"等。 Whoshouldwriteitbuthimself? 22"whoknowsbut(that)"和"whocouldshouldb

13、ut"結(jié)構(gòu),這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)是反問(wèn)形式,一般意譯為"多半","亦未可知"等等,有時(shí)也可直譯。 Whoknowsbut(that)hemaygo? 23"祈使句+and"和"祈使句+or"結(jié)構(gòu),"祈使句+and"表示"Ifyou","祈使名+or"表示"ifnot,you。 Addlovetoahouseandyouhaveahome.Aadrighteousnesstoacityandyouhaveacommunity.Aadtruthtoap

14、ileofredbrickandyouhaveaschool. 24"名詞+and"結(jié)構(gòu),在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中,名詞等于狀語(yǔ)從句,或表示條件,或表示時(shí)間。 Aword,andhewouldlosehistemper. 25"as,so"結(jié)構(gòu),這里的"so"的意思是"inthesameway"也是如此。此結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)明兩個(gè)概念在程度上和關(guān)系上相似。 Asrusteatsiron,socareeatstheheart. 26"ifany"結(jié)構(gòu),"ifany"和"ifever"

15、;,意思是"果真有","即使有",表示加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。與此類(lèi)似的還有:"ifanything"如有不同的話,如果稍有區(qū)別,"ifaday"=atleast,至少。 Thereislittle,ifany,hope. 27"beitever(never)so"和"letitbeever(never)so"結(jié)構(gòu),這里,"beit"中的"be"是古英語(yǔ)假設(shè)語(yǔ)氣的遺留形式,現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)那么使用"letitbe"。"evers

16、o"和"neverso"都表示同一意思,都表示"very"。 Beiteversohumble(letitbeeversohumble),homeishome. 28"thelast+不定式"和"thelast+定語(yǔ)從詞"結(jié)構(gòu),這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的"last"意思是"theleastlikely",用于否認(rèn)性推論??勺g為"最不大可能的","最不適宜的",由原意的"最后一個(gè)"變成"最不可能的一個(gè)"

17、。 Heisthelastmantoacceptabride. 29"sothat"句型,這個(gè)句型的意思是"如此,以致于",但在翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí),許多情況下,并不是一定要譯成"如此以致于",而是變通表達(dá)其含義。 Heransofastthatnobodycouldcatchhimup. 30"more+than+原級(jí)形容詞副詞"結(jié)構(gòu),這是將不同性質(zhì)加以比擬,其中的"more"有"rather"的意思。 Itismorethanprobablethathewillfall. 31&

18、quot;morethan+動(dòng)詞"結(jié)構(gòu),這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示動(dòng)詞的程度,可譯為"異常","豈止","十二分地"等。 Thismorethansatisfiedme. 32"goodand"的副詞用法,譯為"非常","很"等。類(lèi)似還有"niceand","fineand,""lovelyand","brightand","rareand","bigand"等

19、,均表示程度。 Theapplesaregoodandripe. 33"andthat"結(jié)構(gòu),這個(gè)"andthat"應(yīng)譯為"而且",表示對(duì)它前面陳述局部的語(yǔ)氣加強(qiáng),"that"代表前面的整個(gè)陳述局部。 Returntoyourwork,andthatatonce. 34"atonceand"結(jié)構(gòu),這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)譯為"既又",起相關(guān)連接的作用,相當(dāng)于"bothand"。 Thenovelisatoncepleasingandinstructive. 35"

20、;inthat"結(jié)構(gòu),這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的意思是"在那一點(diǎn)上方面",可譯為"因?yàn)?quot;。類(lèi)似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有"inthis"。 Thebudgetisunrealisticinthatitdisregardsincreasedcosts. 36"thenamenotwithstanding"結(jié)構(gòu),這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中"notwithstanding"是介詞,這個(gè)介詞可以置前,可以置后,比方也可寫(xiě)成:"notwithstandingthename"。起讓步狀語(yǔ)的作用。 Somepeoplethin

21、kofthestoragebatteryasasortofcondenserwhereelectricityisstored.Butthisisanentirelywrongconception,thenamenotwithstanding. 37"Everynot"和"Allnot"結(jié)構(gòu),"Everynot"表示"不見(jiàn)得每個(gè)都是";"Allnot"表示"不見(jiàn)得所有都是"的意思。 Everymanisnotpolite,andallarenotborngentlemen. 3

22、8"mayaswellnotas"結(jié)構(gòu),此結(jié)構(gòu)可譯為"與其不如不"。 Onemayaswellnotknowathingatallasknowitbutimperfectly. 39"haveonlytodo"結(jié)構(gòu),此結(jié)構(gòu)表示"只須消就能"的意思。 WehaveonlytoturntothatextraordinarydiscoverymadebyEdisontoseethesignificanceofit. 40"not(no)unless"句型 Noincreaseinoutputcanbe

23、expectedunlessanewassemblylineisinstalled.41"betterthan"句型 Bettermylifeshouldbeendedbytheirhate,thanthathatedlifeshouldbeprolongedtolivewithoutyourlove. 42"asitwere"是一個(gè)非常常用的插入語(yǔ),意思是"好象","可以說(shuō)"等。 Apieceofironnearamagnet,thoughapparentlyseparatefromit,feels,asitwe

24、re,thethreadsofthisattachment. 43復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu),在下面例句中,由于anyone的定語(yǔ)從句過(guò)長(zhǎng),把謂語(yǔ)mustrealize提到定語(yǔ)從句之前。 Thoughfaithandconfidencearesurelymoreorlassforeigntomynature,Idonotinfrequentlyfindmyselflookingtothemtobeable,diligent,candid,andevenhonest.Plainlyenough,thatistoolargeanorder,asanyonemustrealizewhoreflectsuponthem

25、annerinwhichtheyreachpublicoffice. 44"notanymorethan"為:"不能,正如不能"。 Onecannotlearntosketchandexpresshimselfgraphicallyonlybyreadingaboutitanymorethanonecanlearntoswimwhilestandingbythepool. 45"Bythatasitmay"是"Letitbethatasitmay"的省略形式,是由"be"引起的另外一種假設(shè)結(jié)構(gòu),

26、意思是"雖然如此,盡管這樣"。 Itissaidthatthenervepoisonisthemoreprimitiveofthetwo,thatthebloodpoisonis,sotospeak,anewproductfromanimprovedformula.Bethatasitmay,thenervepoisondoesitsbusinesswithmanfarmorequicklythanthebloodpoison. 46"ifatall"是一個(gè)由"if"引起的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)不完整的短句結(jié)為"即將",&quo

27、t;即使"等。 Icanseeonlywithgreatdifficulty,ifatall. 47由there引起的句型容易產(chǎn)生復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu). Therehavebeenopeneduptothevastandexcellentscience,inwhichmyworkisthebeginning,waysandmeansbywhichothermindsmoreaccuratethanwinewillexploreitsremotecorners. 48"rangefromto"結(jié)構(gòu)。這是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu),譯時(shí)很多情況下應(yīng)變通處理,不能完全依靠辭典上的釋義。 C

28、omputerapplicationsrangefromanassemblylinecompletelyrunbycomputerstoachildrentoyrespondingtoremotesignals. 49"theway"結(jié)構(gòu) Ialwaysthoughtshewasacommon-sensepersonwhodiscussedthingsthewaytheyoughttobediscussed. 50復(fù)雜賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) Inrecentyears,thedevelopmentofsensitiveandaccuratemeasuringequipmenthasmad

29、eitpossibletomeasuretheacuityofhearingofanyindividualatdifferentfrequencies. 51某些分隔結(jié)構(gòu) 1動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)相關(guān)局部被分隔當(dāng)"makeuseof","takenoticeof","payattentionto", 等動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)。 Useismadeofsolarenergyinheatinghouses.2雙重定語(yǔ)引起的分隔。 Butthereisofcultureanotherview,inwhichnotsolelythescientificpa

30、ssion,thesheerdesiretoseethingsastheyare,naturalandproperinanintelligentbeing,appearsasthegroundofit. 52"tobedoingwhen"是一個(gè)句型,多譯為"某人正在做時(shí),突然"。在簡(jiǎn)單的句子中容易看出,一旦句子變得復(fù)雜一些,可能就不太容易識(shí)別這種句型。 Shesaidsheandafriendhadgoneouttodinnerthatnight,andwerewalkinghometogetheratabout10oclock,whena"v

31、erybig,verytallman",accostedthemanddemandedtheirpurses. 53"tooto"句型 ThenIrememberedhowoftenI,too,hadbeenindifferenttothegrandeurofeachday,toopreoccupiedwithpettyandsometimesevenmeanconcernstorespondtothesplendorofitall. 54"somuchthat"句型 ButhedevelopedgraduallyaverymusicalEng

32、lish.Helearnttowritesentencesthatfallawayontheearwithamistylanguoranditdelightedhimsomuchthathecouldneverhaveenoughofit. 55"when"引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)并不好譯,不能一看到when從句就考慮譯為"當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候",它還有許多種譯法。 Anythingisbetterthannottowriteclearly.Thereisnothingtobesaidagainstlucidity,andagainstsimplicityonlythepo

33、ssibilityofdryness.Thisisariskthatiswellworthtakingwhenyoureflecthowmuchbetteritistobeboldthantowearacurlywig. 56"notbecause",有時(shí)可否認(rèn)前面,有時(shí)可否認(rèn)because本身,往往出現(xiàn)歧義。應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文面判定。 In1600theearthwasnotthecenteroftheuniversebecausethemajoritythensupposeditwas;nor,becauseshehadmorereaders,wasEllawheelerWi

34、lcoxabetterpoetthanFatherHopkins. 57"sothat,suchthat"是一個(gè)普通的句型,但在同一個(gè)句子里有兩處使用它卻比擬少見(jiàn)。 Thetruthis,thatinonepointofview,thismatterofnationalliteraturehascometosuchapasswithus,thatinsomesensewemustturnbullies,elsethedayislost,orsuperioritysofarbeyondus,thatwecanhardlysayitwilleverbeours. 58"

35、;bydoing"結(jié)構(gòu)。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的意思是"通過(guò)做",但翻譯實(shí)踐中不能拘泥于這種釋義,不少情況下需要靈活變通。 Thehippos,bydepositingdunginthewater,fedthefishthatsupportthestorksthatdestroytheraretrees. 59下面例句為一倒裝句,主語(yǔ)很長(zhǎng),而且又含有非常復(fù)雜的句型。這是以形容詞作表語(yǔ)的倒裝,翻譯實(shí)踐中多把倒裝局部譯到最前面。 Nolessobviousisthefacttherearegreatnumbersofpeoplesoconstitutedorsobroughtupt

36、hattheycannotgetsomuchpleasureoutofprocessesandexperiencesresultinginapoorerlifelessfullofmeaning. 60"whatof"句型 IcannotsayofmyselfwhatJohnsonsaidofPope:Heneverpassedafaultunamendedbyindifference,norquitteditbydespair.IdonotwriteasIdo;IwriteasIcan. 61英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)習(xí)慣用法是:當(dāng)否認(rèn)謂語(yǔ)thinkbelieve時(shí),實(shí)際上是否認(rèn)其后面的

37、賓語(yǔ)從句。否認(rèn)就落在賓語(yǔ)從句上。這樣賓語(yǔ)從句就變成了雙重否認(rèn),譯時(shí)可以按雙重否認(rèn)譯,也可按肯定來(lái)譯。 Itisavaluablework.Idonotthinkanyonewritessowellthathecannotlearnmuchfromit. 62"tohavenot(as)tosee"中的不定式也有否認(rèn)意味。 Hehadnotthegoodbreedingtoseethatsimplicityandnaturalnessarethetruestmarksofdistinction. 63"Itoccurredtosb.that"."

38、突然想起"等。從句是想起的內(nèi)容。 Irememberoncebeingonabusandlookingatastranger.Hesuddenlylookedbackatme-i.e.oureyesmet.Myinstinctivereactionwastoavertmygaze.ItoccurredtomethatifIhadcontinuedtomaintaineyecontact,Iwouldhavebeenrudeandaggressive. 64"Itfollowsthat"="Ithappensasaresult"常常被譯為&quo

39、t;由此可見(jiàn)","因此","從前","可以推斷"等等。 Itfollowsthatthehousewifewillalsoexpecttobeabletohavemoreleisureinherlifewithoutloweringherstandardofliving.Italsofollowsthathumandomesticservantswillhavecompletelyceasedtoexist. 65"thatsallthereistoit",意思是"也不過(guò)如此而已"。可根據(jù)上下文視情況處理。 IfImtouched,Imtouched-thatsallthereistoit. 66"Thechancesarethat"是一句型,譯為"有可能"。 Thechancesareyouwillneverattemptthatspeedwithpoetryorwanttoracethoughsomepassagesinfictio

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