2021年高考英語閱讀七選五解題技巧及真題演練2

1、第二講據(jù)“位”而思根據(jù)三類空格位置準(zhǔn)解題目上一講從宏觀上解讀了解答閱讀七選五必備的思維意識(shí)，是第一遍讀題后對(duì)空格匹配選 項(xiàng)的初判：但為了確保答案萬無一失，知其然更知其所以然，本講從空格位置及所承擔(dān)的語 意關(guān)系層而講解做題技法。本講內(nèi)容與上一講內(nèi)容是相輔相承的，做題時(shí)要綜合靈活運(yùn)用, 融會(huì)貫通才能游刃有余。一、設(shè)空在段首若是針對(duì)段落小標(biāo)題設(shè)空，其呈現(xiàn)形式應(yīng)和其他小標(biāo)題相同，選項(xiàng)應(yīng)短小精悍，多為名 詞詞組、動(dòng)名詞短語或祈使句。若段落首句設(shè)空，段首句要么與段落標(biāo)題相關(guān)聯(lián)，要么是段 落主題句，選項(xiàng)要具有概括性，要么承接上段，要么是對(duì)下文的概括。思考點(diǎn)（一）段落主題句當(dāng)某段開頭處設(shè)空時(shí)，通常要填的內(nèi)容是

2、該段的主題句，考生需要認(rèn)真研讀該段內(nèi)容, 尤其是設(shè)空處后面的一兩句，確定線索詞，然后從備選項(xiàng)中查找這些線索詞的同義詞、近義 詞或關(guān)聯(lián)詞。一般正確選項(xiàng)與空后第一句在內(nèi)容上是連貫且符合邏輯的，在意義上是緊密銜 接的。典例1 （2019全國卷H） 37 Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.Befbre asking questions about the course design, read die syllabus （教學(xué)大綱）and learning management system mfbnnation to be

3、sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.A. That's what they are for.B Turn to an online iiistmctor for help.C If more mfbrmation is needed, tliey will ask.D. Remember that onlme professors get a lot of emails.E. Below are some common do's and don'ts for online learners.F. Everyon

4、e has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtfiil questions.分析：本題考查段落主題句。本段主要介紹了應(yīng)該提問什么樣的問題，所提的問題要確 保答案不能顯而易見°本段內(nèi)容圍繞“questions”展開，故G項(xiàng)“提問題，并且要確保所提問 題是經(jīng)過深思熟慮的好問題”,符合語境。故選G。思考點(diǎn)（二）承上啟下句當(dāng)非首段的第一句設(shè)空時(shí)，設(shè)空處有可能是承上啟下句，這就要求考生既要熟悉上一段 的內(nèi)容，尤其是上一段結(jié)

5、尾的內(nèi)容，又要結(jié)合本段內(nèi)容，使所選答案能夠把兩段內(nèi)容進(jìn)行無 縫對(duì)接。典例2 （2020全國卷HI）3 7 B . It"traditional to briog g gifi to g housevarming party. Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry mclude kitchen tools like

6、 knrves and tilings like curtains. Even if tliere isn't a registry; a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.3§一 Tins is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn't a lot of food sen'ed. Tliere are usually no plan

7、ned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into then- new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes.39 A, T

8、his isn't usua!though.A. Tliis isn't usual though.B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.C. Ybu can also bring food or drinks to share witli the other guests.D. If you're lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.E. It also gives people a chance to se

9、e what the new home looks like.F. The best housewanning parties encourage old friends to get togetherG. Tliis was so that the person could keep their home wann for the winter分析：本題考查段落之間的銜接。前面段落所講內(nèi)容為帶禮物，可以是廚房工具、窗簾、 藝術(shù)品或綠植。本空承接上文，也應(yīng)與禮物相關(guān)，根據(jù)設(shè)空處后面的句子“This is o地11 appreciated since at a housewarming ther

10、e isn't a lot of food served.“可知，空處 所帶的 禮物 應(yīng) 與 食物相關(guān)，故選C。二、設(shè)空在段中當(dāng)設(shè)空在段中時(shí)，通?？疾樵摽张c前后句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系和上下文的銜接?？疾榈倪?輯關(guān)系：總分關(guān)系、解釋關(guān)系、例證關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系和并列關(guān)系7 大關(guān)系。有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)下列銜接詞語:first second, dieii. next, later soon, so, but, however, additionally, what's more, that is, namely, in other words, for one thing .fo

11、r another 等。思考點(diǎn)（一）總分關(guān)系典例3 （2017全國卷I）The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 37 We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take tlie shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work,

12、 recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor's bill for my son's food poisoning.A. This time there was no tent.B Tilings are going to be improved.C Tlie trip they took me on was a rougli one.D I was to learn a lot about cainpmg since then, howeverE. I must say that I have certainly

13、come to enjoy camping.F. After die trip, my family became quite interested in canipmg.G. Tliere was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.分析：本題考查總分關(guān)系。根據(jù)下文的描述“我們睡在帳篷里、在算火上做飯、走很遠(yuǎn) 的路去洗澡和上廁所”可知，這次野營比較艱難。設(shè)空處是總體評(píng)價(jià)，后面是詳細(xì)描述。故 選C。思考點(diǎn)（二）解釋關(guān)系典例4 （2019全國卷II）Imagine a child standing on a diving boa

14、rd four feet higli and asking hiniself the question: “Should I jump ? ” This is what motivation or die lack of it can do Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin. 36 Like die cliild on the diving board, you will stay undecided.A. Tliis can affect your work.B So how should you m

15、otivate yourself?C. However, this should not discourage you.D So why should we try to set specific goals?E. They can change according to circumstances.F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.G. Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.分析：本題考查解釋關(guān)系。設(shè)空處前一句的句意“動(dòng)力和目標(biāo)設(shè)定是同一枚

16、硬幣的兩 面”，設(shè)空處解釋二者之間的關(guān)系“沒有動(dòng)力，你既不能設(shè)定目標(biāo)，也不能去實(shí)現(xiàn)它”。故 選G。思考點(diǎn)（三）例證關(guān)系典例5 （2016全國卷I）There are tliree main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of fcMy elephant eats too many eels'' spell out the hidden message "Meet me.''A. It is very hard to break a code witliout the c

17、ode book.B In any language, some letters are used more tliaii otliers.C. Only people who know tlie keyword can read the message.D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.F. With a code book, yo

18、u might write down words that would stand for other words.G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.分析：本題考查例證關(guān)系。設(shè)空處前一句的句意為“有三種主要的密碼術(shù)”?？蘸蠼又?就給出一個(gè)例子“你可以通過拼寫每個(gè)單詞的第一個(gè)字母來隱藏信息”。故選E。思考點(diǎn)（四）轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系典例6 （2020新南考全國卷I ）Some individuals are bom with a gift for p

19、ublic speaking. 16 Do you want to be a good public speaker9 Here are some principles you must masterA. Do die opposite.B Ybu want to be an efiectn,e public speaker.C. You don't need to apologize for a minor slip.D When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.E. The objective of most sp

20、eeches is to benefit the audience.F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners.G. However、the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.分析：本題考查轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。設(shè)空處前一句的句意為“有些人天生就有公眾演講的天膩”。 設(shè)空處后一句的句意為“你想成為一個(gè)好的公眾演說家嗎？ “。根據(jù)邏輯判斷，設(shè)空處應(yīng)與 前一句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故G項(xiàng)“然而，大多數(shù)人之所以能成為有效的演講

21、者，是因?yàn)樗麄?受過訓(xùn)練”符合語境。思考點(diǎn)（五）因果關(guān)系典例7 （2020全國卷II）Written communications can often read as cold and dull.Usmg emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. 37 encouraging better and more frequent communication.A. Message with emojis feel more conversationalB Even a formal email can seem cold a

22、nd unfriendlyC. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strangeD Tlie popularity of these platforms is spreadmg globallyE Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestlyF. Studies show that friendlier coiimiumcation leads to a happier workplaceG. An easy way to bring all work ge

23、nerations togetlier is with a chat platform分析：本題考查因果關(guān)系。根據(jù)下文“encouraging better and more frequent conmiuiiication （鼓勵(lì)更好、更頻繁的溝通）”可知，設(shè)空處所填的句子是下文的原因。A項(xiàng)“使用表情符號(hào) 的信息讓人感覺更適合交談”符合語境。故選A。思考點(diǎn)（六）遞進(jìn)關(guān)系典例8 （2019全國卷II）Another way of settuig realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping

24、in ninid your beliefs, values and strengths.Remember that goals are flexible. 39 Tliey also need to be measurable.You must keep these points m niind while setting your goals.A. Tliis can affect your work.B So how should you motivate yourself?C. However, this should not discourage you.D So why should

25、 we try to set specific goals?E. They can change according to circumstances.F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.G. Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.分析：本題考查遞進(jìn)關(guān)系o根據(jù)上句° Remember that goals are flexible.（要記住目標(biāo)是靈 活的。）”可知，E項(xiàng)“目標(biāo)可以根據(jù)情況做出改變“，承接上文，與上一句為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。 故選

26、E。思考點(diǎn)（七）并列關(guān)系典例9 （2020新有考全國卷I ）Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker. 19 And like everything else in life, that takes practice.Remember, even world champion atliletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.A. Do die opposite.B. You want to be an eSecth*e public speaker.C. Ybu don't

27、 need to apologize for a minor slip.D When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.F. Take the fear out of public speakuig by fbcusmg on your listeners.G. However、the majority of people are effective speakers because they train t

28、o be.分析：本題考查并列關(guān)系。由本段第一句"Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker： 及空后一句、'And .takes practice”可以鎖定B選項(xiàng)為正確答案，它們之間構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系°三、設(shè)空在段尾思考點(diǎn)（一）總結(jié)句當(dāng)設(shè)空在段尾時(shí)，通常是結(jié)論性、概括性語句，是對(duì)上文的概括總結(jié)。如果缺的是結(jié)論 性、概括性的語句，考生應(yīng)快速瀏覽七個(gè)備選項(xiàng)，注意選項(xiàng)中是否出現(xiàn)表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總 結(jié)等的信號(hào)詞，如 so, therefore, as a result, in short, in a word, all in a

29、ll 等詞或短語，快速縮小 選擇范圍，再根據(jù)段落主題一致性原則，從而確定正確選項(xiàng)。典例10 （2020全國卷I ）Recognize all of your strengtlis.Write them down in a journal.Begin to tram your brain to look at strength before weakness.List all of your accomplishments and achie"ements.Ybu have a job, eamed your degree, and you got out ofbed today. 3

30、9A. Feeling upset agam?B - Where do you start?C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.D. Remember, you are only Inmian.E. Set an intention for self-acceptaiice.F. Stop comparmg yourself with others.G. When does the comparison game start?分析：本題考查段落總結(jié)句。由本段首句可知本段主題是“認(rèn)識(shí)到你所有的優(yōu)點(diǎn)”，段 中列舉了一些小的成績，如有了一份工作，拿到了學(xué)位等，段

31、尾對(duì)這些成績做了一下總結(jié)： 沒有什么事情太小而不值得慶祝。故選C。思考點(diǎn)（二）段落過渡句當(dāng)設(shè)空在非尾段段末時(shí)，也有可能是考查承上啟下的過渡句。假如所缺的是段落間的過 渡句，首先可以關(guān)注表示邏輯關(guān)系的銜接詞，再結(jié)合詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)等原則進(jìn)行答案的選擇。典例11 （2017全國卷I ）If anyone had told me three years ago tliat I would be speiidmg most of my weekends campmg, I would have laughed heartily.Campers. in my eyes, were people who enjo

32、yed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothmg in common with me. 36The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 3 7_C . The_trip_theY_took_e_on_was g rough_one slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distan

33、ce to take the shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Motlier Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunbiim and the doctor's bill for my son's food poisoning.A. This time there was no tent.B Tilings are going to be improved.C Tlie trip they took me o

34、n was a rougli one.D I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.F. After die trip, my family became quite interested in campmg.G. Tliere was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.分析：考查段落過渡句。根據(jù)空處上文“如果三年前有人告訴我，以后我的大部分周

35、末 時(shí)間都會(huì)露營，我會(huì)放聲大笑。在我看來，露營者是喜歡讓昆蟲咬、吃不好吃的飯菜和睡令 人不舒服的睡袋。這些和我毫不相干”和下一段的“介紹我去露營的朋友們認(rèn)為這是一次具 有開創(chuàng)性的露營。這次露營比較艱難。我們睡帳篷、在篝火上做飯、走很遠(yuǎn)的路去洗澡和上 廁所。這次對(duì)大自然母親的短暫造訪讓我請(qǐng)了兩天假，要在皮膚嚴(yán)重灼傷后進(jìn)行恢復(fù)，并且 還要支付來自醫(yī)生治療我兒子食物中毒的賬單”可知，兩段之間有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以要填一個(gè) 承上啟下的過渡句，D項(xiàng)“然而，從那時(shí)起我卻學(xué)到了很多關(guān)于露營的知識(shí)”符合語境。故 選D。思考點(diǎn)（三）補(bǔ)充信息句段末設(shè)空還有可能是對(duì)前文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，這時(shí)要選擇補(bǔ)充性的語句。典例12

36、（2019全國卷HI）Don't share personal infbnnation or stones.Professors are not tramed nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends.If you are in need of a deadline extension, smiply explain die smiation to the professor. 39A. That's what they are for.B Turn to an onlme instructor for help.C

37、If more information is needed, tliey will ask.D. Remember that onlme professors get a lot of emails.E. Below are some common do's and don'ts for online learners.F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtfiil questi

38、ons.分析：本題考查邏輯關(guān)系。本段主要講的是“不要把個(gè)人信息和經(jīng)歷告訴教授，如果你 需要延長最后期限，向教授解釋處境即可”。C項(xiàng)”如果需要了解更多信息，他們會(huì)問你的” 是對(duì)上文內(nèi)容的補(bǔ)充說明，符合語境。故選C。隨堂體驗(yàn)落實(shí).Having a leaining disability doesn't mean you can't learn.Learning disabilities happen because of the way a person's brain takes in and processes mfbnnation. 1 Tlie trick will

39、 be figuring out how yon leam best.Leammg disabilities aren't contagious （傳染的）,but they can be genetic.That means tliey can be passed down in families through the genes, like many other traits we get from our parents and grandparents.Someone with a leanung disability probably has other family members who have had some learmiig troubles, too.Kids with learning problems are sometimes surprised to find out tliat one of their parents had similar troubles when he or she was in school. 2It's very hard for a kid to know if he or she li