2018考研英語模擬試題1及答案

1、2018考研英語模擬試題一及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding yes! 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you

2、care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of

3、perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 a

4、bout 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress, notes Sheldon Cohen, a pro

5、fessor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.Some experts 17 the stress - reducing , health -related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called he bonding hormone 18 it promotes attachment in

6、relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1.A UnlikeB BesidesC DespiteD Througho

7、ut2.A connectedB restrictedC equalD inferior3.A choiceB viewC lessonD host4.A recallB forgetC avoidD keep5.A collectingB involvingC guidingD affecting6.A ofB inC atD on7.A devotedB exposedC lostD attractedB along8. A acrossC downD out9. A calculatedB deniedD imaginedC doubted t|M 1Vl'or.- 10. A

8、servedC restored11. A EvenC Rather12. A defeatsC tests13. A minimizedC controlled14. A equippedC presented15. A assessC generate16. A in the face ofC in the way of17. A transferC attribute18. A becauseC though19. A emergesC remains20. A experiencesC justifiesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADir

9、ections:B requiredD explainedB StillD ThusB symptomsD errorsB highlightedD increasedB associatedD comparedB moderateD recordB in the form ofD in the name ofB commitD returnB unlessD untilB vanishesD decreasesB combinesDinfluencesRead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by

10、choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours -this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.American

11、s are willing to tolerate time -consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little securi

12、ty in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mentioninfuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak we

13、apons -both fake and real -past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago's O'Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become -but the l

14、ines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline thatis issue the of Part line. the on screeners new get to rushing now is TSA the so , travel勒 X airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are

15、trying to overpack their carry -on bags to avoid checked -baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win -win for

16、travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to pr

17、ocess their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA c

18、annot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned toA stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.B highlight the n

19、ecessity of upgrading major US airports.C explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks.D emphasis the importance of privacy protection.22. which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?A New restrictions on carry -on bags.B The declining efficiency of the TSA.C A

20、n increase in the number of travelers.D Frequent unexpected secret checks.23. The word expedited (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning toA faster.B quieter.C wider.D cheaper.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is鈍 A -A A dramatic reduction of its scale.B Its wrongly -directed implementation.C

21、 The government's reluctance to back it.D An unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A Less Screening for More SafetyB PreCheck-a Belated SolutionC Getting Stuck in Security LinesD Underused PreCheck LanesText 2The ancient Hawaiians were

22、astronomers, wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant obser

23、vatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most p

24、owerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group ofHawaiians and env

25、ironments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way

26、of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island's inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too,

27、 with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development the

28、re ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy comm

29、unity is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT -在 xVrq-site was chosen to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their

30、lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state.There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani's remark in Paragraph 1 indicatesA its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.B th

31、e importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.C the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.D her appreciation of star watchers' feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due toA its geographical featuresB its protective surroundings.C its religiou

32、s implications.D its existing infrastructure.28.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly becauseA it may risk ruining their intellectual life.B it reminds them of a humiliating history.C their culture will lose a chance of revival.D they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29.It can

33、 be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today's astronomyA is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.B helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.C may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.D will eventually soften Hawaiians' hostility. . * 玄"-"30 .The author's

34、attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one ofA severe criticism.B passive acceptance.C slight hesitancy.D full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures everything except that which makes life worthwhile. With Britain voting to leave the European Uni

35、on, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that

36、 do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's econom

37、ic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well -being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citiz

38、ens. Rather than just focusing on GDP , over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent

39、 themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn't the case with all countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge i

40、mprovements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while G

41、DP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes - all things that contribute to a person's sense of well -being.The sharp hit to g

42、rowth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well -being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well -being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even s

43、ee progress .31 .Robert F. Kennedy is cited because heApraised the UK for its GDP .Bidentified GDP with happiness .Cmisinterpreted the role of GDP .Dhad a low opinion of GDP .32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 thatAthe UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .BGDP as the measure of succes

44、s is widely defied in the UK .Cthe UK will contribute less to the world economy .Dpolicymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?AIt is sponsored by 163 countries .BIt excludes GDP as an indicator.CIts criteria are questionab

45、le .DIts results are enlightening .34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests thatAthe UK is preparing for an economic boom .Bhigh GDP foreshadows an economic decline .Cit is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .Dit requires caution to handle economic issues .35.Which of the following

46、is the best title for the text ?AHigh GDP But Inadequate Well -being , a UK LessonBGDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic HealthCRebort F.Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP例X用爐爐DBrexit, the UK's Gateway to Well -beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruptio

47、n conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court's decision said the judge in M

48、r. McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his official acts, or the former governor's decisions on specific and %unsettled issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift -giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those offi

49、cials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is distasteful and asty. But under anti -bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phon

50、e call, or hosting an event is not an official act.The court's ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery. The basic compact underlying r

51、epresentative government, wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to gover

52、nment. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well -enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official

53、meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader's source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the

54、 wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society -that all are equal in treatment by government -is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court's ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corrup

55、tion and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the courtA avoided defining the extent of McDonnell's duties.B made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.C was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct.D refused to comment on McDonnell's ethics.蝕 X 37

56、. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involvesA leaking secrets intentionally.B sizable gains in the form of gifts.C concrete returns for gift -givers.D breaking contracts officially.38. The court's ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are

57、A justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.B qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.C allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.D exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well -enforced laws in government transparency are needed toA awaken the conscience of officials.B guarantee fair play in official access.C allow for certain kinds of lobbying.D inspire hopes in average people.40. The author's attitude toward the court's ruling isA sarcastic.B tolerant.C skeptical.D suppo