IEC 60050-903風險評估風險評估(譯文)

1、IEC 60050-903- Risk assessment 風險評估條款英文術語中文術語紅字（GB/T 20000.4-2003）GB/T 23694-2009英文定義（903英文原文）中文定義紅字為（GB/T 20000.4-2003）蘭字為（GB/T 23694-2009）來源903-01-01harm傷害傷害physical injury or damage to persons, property, and livestock對人員、財產(chǎn)及牲畜產(chǎn)生的損傷或毀壞。對物質的損傷，或對人體健康、財產(chǎn)或環(huán)境的損害。903-01-02hazard危險危險（源）危險potential sourc

2、e of harmNote 1 to entry: In English, the term “hazard” can be qualified in order to define the origin of the hazard or the nature of the expected harm (e.g. “electric shock hazard”, “crushing hazard”, “cutting hazard”, “toxic hazard”, “fire hazard”, “drowning hazard”).Note 2 to entry: In French, th

3、e synonym “risque” is used together with a qualifier or a complement to define the origin of the hazard or the nature of the expected harm (e.g. “risque de choc électrique”, “risque d'écrasement”, “risque de coupure”, “risque toxique”, “risqué d'incendie”, “risque de noyade”).

4、Note 3 to entry: In French, the term “risque” also denotes the combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm, in English “risk” (see 903-01-07).傷害的潛在起源注1：“危險”一詞可由其起源（如機械危險、電氣危險）或其潛在傷害的性質（如電擊危險、碾壓危險、切割危險、中毒危險、火災危險、溺水危險）進行限定?？赡軐е聜Φ臐撛诟础Ｗⅲ盒g語“危險（源）”可按產(chǎn)生傷害的來源或可預料的傷害性

5、質來劃分（例如觸電危險、碾壓危險、切割危險、中毒危險、著火危險、溺水危險等）。潛在傷害的來源。注：危險可以是一類風險源（.2）。ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, definition 3.5, modified The information in the note has beenenlarged to clarify the use of the terms “hazard” in English and “risque” in French.903-01-03hazard zone危險區(qū)any space within and/or around a product, pro

6、cess or service in which persons, or livestock can be exposed to a hazard使人或牲畜面臨危險的產(chǎn)品、流程或服務和/或其周圍的區(qū)域。IEC Guide 116:2010, 3.4, modified The definition has been revised to be more broad: "lowvoltage equipment" has been replaced by "product, process or service".903-01-04hazardous ev

7、ent危險事件event that can cause harm Note 1 to entry: A hazardous event can occur over a short period of time or over an extended period of time.能夠導致傷害的事件注1：危險事件可以在一個短暫的或在一個延長的期間內發(fā)生。903-01-05hazardous situation危險狀態(tài)危險情況circumstance in which persons, property and livestock or the environment are exposed t

8、o at least one hazardNote 1 to entry: The exposure can immediately or over a period of time result in harm.使人員、財產(chǎn)及牲畜或環(huán)境面臨至少一種危險。注1：該危險可能是立即發(fā)生的或在傷害發(fā)生的一段時間后出現(xiàn)。人員、財產(chǎn)或環(huán)境暴露于危險中的情形。IEC Guide 116:2010, 3.6, modified The explanation concerning the exposure has been transferred to Note 1 to entry.903-01-06in

9、cident事件（小?）past hazardous eventNote 1 to entry: An incident that has occurred and resulted in harm can be referred to as an accident. Whereas an incident that has occurred and that did not result in harm can be referred to as a near miss occurrence.已發(fā)生的危險事件注：已經(jīng)發(fā)生了的、且導致傷害的被稱之為事故的一個事件。然而，已發(fā)生但未導致傷害的事件

10、，幾乎不會出現(xiàn)。903-01-07risk風險風險combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harmNote 1 to entry: In French, the term “risque” also denotes the potential source of harm, in English “hazard” (see 903-01-02).傷害發(fā)生的概率和傷害影響程度的綜合。對傷害的一種綜合衡量，包括傷害發(fā)生的概率和傷害的嚴重程度。903-01-08risk analysi

11、s風險分析風險分析systematic use of available information to identify hazards and to estimate the risk系統(tǒng)地使用有效信息，以識別危險并評估風險系統(tǒng)地運用現(xiàn)有信息確定危險（源）和估價風險的過程。903-01-09risk evaluation風險評估風險評價風險評價 procedure based on the risk analysis to determine whether the tolerable risk has been achieved基于風險分析的、用以確定是否達到可接受的風險的過程步驟根據(jù)風險

12、分析的結果確定實現(xiàn)可容許風險的過程。對比風險分析（）結果和風險準則（5.3.1.3），以確定風險（3.1）和/或其大小是否可以接受或容忍的過程。注：風險評價有助于風險應對（）決策。SOURCE: ISO/IEC 903-01-10risk assessment風險評價風險評定風險評估overall process comprising a risk analysis and a risk evaluation包括風險分析和風險評定在內的全過程。包括風險分析和風險評價的全過程。包括風險識別（）、風險分析（5.6.1）和風險評價（5.7.1）的全過程。903-01-11residual risk遺

13、留風險殘余風險剩余風險 risk remaining after protective measures have been takenNOTE Sometimes it is possible that tolerable risk is already achieved by applying step 1 or steps 1 and 2.Figure 1 Principle of safety integrationNote 1 to entry: IEC Guide 116 distinguishes: the residual risk after protective measu

14、res have been taken by the designer; the residual risk remaining after all protective measures have been implemented by the user.在采取防護措施之后剩余的風險。注：有時通過步驟1，或步驟1和2，可達到可接受的風險。注1：IEC Guide 116區(qū)分：設計人員在設計上采取了防護措施之后的剩余風險；使用者采用了全部防護措施之后的剩余風險。在實施防護措施后還存在的風險。風險應對（）之后剩余的風險（3.1）。注1：剩余風險可包括未識別的風險。注2：剩余風險還被稱為“留存的風

15、險”。ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, definition 3.9, modifiedIEC Guide 116:2010, 3.12, modified The text "(see also Figure 1)" has been replaced by Figure 1. In the Note, "This IEC Guide"903-01-12tolerable risk可接受的風險可容許分險risk which is accepted in a given context based on the current values

16、of society在基于當前的社會價值的前提下，可以接受的風險。按當今社會價值取向在一定范圍內可以接受的風險。903-01-13intended use預期用途預期的使用use of a product, process or service in accordance with the information for use provided by the supplier根據(jù)供應商提供的信息，使用產(chǎn)品、流程或服務。按供方提供的信息對產(chǎn)品、過程或服務的使用。ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999, 3.13, modified "information" has b

17、een replaced by "information foruse".903-01-14reasonably foreseeable misuse可預見的誤用可合理預見的誤使用use of a product, process or service in a way not intended by the supplier, but which may result from readily predictable human behaviour由容易預見的人的行為習性所致，未能按供應商的預定方式進行的產(chǎn)品、流程或服務的使用。未按供方的規(guī)定對產(chǎn)品、過程或服務的使用，但這

18、種結果是由很容易預見的人為活動所引起的。903-01-15single fault condition單一故障狀態(tài)condition in which there is a fault of a single protection (but not a reinforced protection) or of a single component or a deviceNote 1 to entry: If a single fault condition results in one or more other fault conditions, all are considered as

19、one single fault condition.單一防護（非強化防護）或單獨組件或設備的存在故障的狀態(tài)。注1：若一個故障條件導致一個活多個其他故障狀況出現(xiàn)，則這些都作為一個單一故障狀態(tài)903-01-16malfunction故障（壞了-功能紊亂-失靈）situation for which the electrical equipment does not perform the intended function due to a variety of reasons, including:* variation of a property or of a dimension of t

20、he processed material or of the work piece;* failure of one (or more) of its component parts or ervices;* external disturbances (e.g. shocks, vibration, electromagnetic interference);* design error or deficiency (e.g. software errors);* disturbance of its power supply;* surrounding conditions (e.g.

21、condensation due to temperature change).由于包括下述在內的各種原因，電氣設備不能執(zhí)行其預期功能的狀況：* 加工材料或工件的形態(tài)或尺寸的變換；* 一個或多個組件或服務發(fā)生的失效；* 外部干擾（如沖擊，振動，電磁干擾）;* 設計的錯誤或不足（如軟件錯誤）；* 供電的干擾；* 周圍條件（如由于溫度變換出現(xiàn)的凝結）903-01-17protective measure防護措施防護措施measure intended to achieve adequate risk reduction, implemented:* by the designer (inheren

22、t design, safeguarding and complementary protective measures, information for use) and* by the user (organization: safe working procedures, supervision, training; permit-to-work systems; provision and use of additional safeguards; use of personal protective equipment)預定達到適當?shù)娘L險減小的措施，由：- 設計者實施（本質設計、安全

23、防護和附加防護措施、使用信息）；- 由使用者實施（組織、安全工作程序、監(jiān)督、培訓、工作許可證系統(tǒng)、附加安全防護裝置的提供和使用、個人防護裝置。降低風險的方法。 注：防護措施包括固有的安全設計、防護裝置、個體防護裝備、使用和安裝信息以及培訓等。903-01-18adequate protection適度防護protection which permits to achieve the risk reduction to a tolerable level允許達到一個可接受程度的風險減小的防護903-01-19safety安全安全freedom from unacceptable risk免于不可

24、接受的風險免除了不可接受的風險的狀態(tài)。注: 改寫自GB/T 20000.1-2002的定義2 . 2 .5903-01-20safety integration安全集成(安全一體化, 安全整合)application of the “3-step- methodology” (see Figure 1) to reduce the residual risk of a product, process or service below the level of tolerable riskNOTE Sometimes it is possible that tolerable risk is

25、already achieved by applying step 1 or steps 1 and 2.Figure 1 Principle of safety integrationNote 1 to entry: See IEC Guide 116:2010, A.2, for further information.實施“安全3步法”（見圖1），將產(chǎn)品、流程或服務的遺留風險降至可接受風險的程度。注：有時，通過第一步或第一二步即可達到可接受風險的程度。圖1 安全集成原理注1：見IEC導則116:2010，A.2進一步解釋。IEC Guide 116:2010, 3.17, modifie

26、d The definition has been revised to be more broad: "low voltage equipment" has been replacedby "product, process or service". The Figure 1 has been added. In the Note, "See A.2," has been replaced by "See IEC Guide116:2010, A.2,".903-02-01basic safety publica

27、tion基礎安全發(fā)布（刊物）publication on a specific safety-related matter, applicable to many electrotechnical products可用于很多電子技術產(chǎn)品的,某一特定安全相關問題的出版物。903-02-02group safety publication系列安全發(fā)布（刊物）publication covering all safety aspects of a specific group of products within the scope of two or more product TCsNote 1

28、to entry: Group safety publications are primarily intended to be stand-alone product safety publications, but may also be used by TCs as source material in the preparation of their publications, as detailed in IEC Guide 104:2010, 7.3.在一個或多個技術委員會（TC）的工作范圍內的，涵蓋了一個特定系列的全部安全特征的出版物。注1：系列安全發(fā)布物主要用于單一的安全發(fā)布，

29、亦可作為各TC組準備其出版物的材料來源，詳見IEC導則104:2010,7.3。903-02-03product safety publication產(chǎn)品安全發(fā)布物publication covering all safety aspects of one or more products within the scope of a single product TC在單個TC工作范圍中，涵蓋一個或多個產(chǎn)品的全部安全特征的出版物903-02-04product TCTC with a scope which covers a specific product or group of produ

30、ctsTC的工作范圍涵蓋了一個或一組特定產(chǎn)品903-02-05horizontal safety function行業(yè)安全工作task assigned to a TC to prepare one or more basic safety publications由一個TC準備的一個或多個基礎安全發(fā)布物的工作903-02-06group safety function系列安全工作task assigned to a product TC to prepare one or more group safety publications由一個產(chǎn)品TC準備的一個或多個系列安全發(fā)布物的工作903-0

31、2-07normal condition正常狀態(tài)condition in which all means of protection are intact所有的防護措施均為完好的狀態(tài)903-02-08reinforced protection強化防護single protection system, which provides a degree of protection against hazards equivalent to two levels of protection可以提供抵抗等價于兩級危險的防護的單個防護系統(tǒng)903-03-01hot functional surface發(fā)熱功

32、能表面surface that is intentionally heated by an internal heat source and that has to be hot to carry out the function for which the equipment is intended to be usedEXAMPLE Curling tongs, the soleplate of an iron and the heater of a copy machine each has a hot functional surface.Note 1 to entry: Some e

33、quipment has hot surfaces as a consequence of how they generate their output, (for example, lamps within a luminaire or the heater of a copy machine), and these surfaces are considered, in terms of their treatment, as equivalent to a hot functional surface.由內部熱源加熱的表面，且該加熱表面用于指定設備的使用例如卷發(fā)鉗,熨斗的底面以及復印件的

34、加熱器，這些設備均有各自的發(fā)熱表面。注1：有些設備的發(fā)熱表面是由其輸出產(chǎn)生的（如燈泡或復印機的加熱器），據(jù)其處理方式，這些表面等價于發(fā)熱功能表面。IEC Guide 117:2010, 3.5, modified The examples in NOTE 1 have been transferred to anExample. NOTE 2 has been renumbered to Note 1 to entry.903-03-02adjacent surface相鄰表面surface adjacent to a hot functional surfaceNote 1 to entry

35、: The adjacent surface and the hot functional surface normally consist of the same piece of material, or are in direct thermal contact, and have similar thermal properties. The adjacent surface is not heated intentionally during use of the product. However, as it is adjacent to the hot functional su

36、rface and may become hot through conduction, its temperature will be in the range between the hot functional surface and a touchable surface.發(fā)熱功能表面的相鄰表面注1：相鄰表面和發(fā)熱功能表面通常具有相同的材料，或直接接觸，且有類似的熱性能。這些表面在產(chǎn)品的使用中是不被加熱的。但是，由于其臨近發(fā)熱功能表面，可通過傳導變熱，其溫度應在發(fā)熱功能表面與可觸表面的溫度范圍之間。903-03-03arms reach手臂觸及區(qū)either the distance

37、measured from the floor to the fingertips of a person fully extended in the vertical direction or, for any other direction, one-third of that distance人員向垂直方向，伸展開手臂（及手指），其指尖與地板之間的可測距離，或向任意方向伸展開手臂（及手指），其指尖與地板之間可測距離的三分之一903-03-04touchable surfaceaccessible surface可觸表面surface defined as touchable (or ac

38、cessible) in the end-product standard, taking into account the intended installation of the equipment and surfaces within arms reach, other than:l hot functional surfaces;l adjacent surfaces; andl handles or control knobs, including keypads, keyboards and the like, that a user needs to touch to oper

39、ate or adjust the equipmentNote 1 to entry: See Figure 1 for examples of the types of surfaces that may be encountered.Figure 1 Identification of the touchable parts of equipment (cross-hatched area)Note 2 to entry: The equipment has to be installed according to the manufacturers instructions. This means that an oven intended for building-in