人教課標(biāo)版必修一M1U5-2

1、課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 研讀材料，完成下列內(nèi)容：一、重點單詞熟記1_ n指導(dǎo)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)2_ n會費，學(xué)費3_ n青年；青年時期4_ n同盟；聯(lián)盟Section Learning about Language guidance fee youth league 課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 二、重點短語探究1_為了特殊的目的2_熱愛3_人類4_把送進(jìn)監(jiān)獄5_更糟6_生病7_喪失勇氣或信心for a special purpose show love for the human race put.in

2、 prison get worse fall ill lose heart 課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 三、教材佳句背誦1They _ me for encouraging the blacks fight _ the government and put me in prison.2The address _ I sent a lettle was in South Africa.attacked against to which 課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 1put.in prison把關(guān)進(jìn)

3、監(jiān)獄其中的prison指“坐牢；被監(jiān)禁”這一活動(即一抽象概念)，其前不必用任何冠詞。如：The police put the leaders of the march in prison.警察把這次游行的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人關(guān)進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄。He was put into prison for damaging public property.他因破壞公共財產(chǎn)被監(jiān)禁。相關(guān)短語：be in prison“坐牢”(可表示持續(xù)一段時間)go to prison“去坐牢”send.to/into prison“把送/關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄”課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 【即境活用】完成

4、句子那個人無緣無故地坐了三年的牢。The man _ for no good reason for three years.她在去坐牢前殺了自己的丈夫。She had killed her husband before she _.老太太的兒子因武裝搶劫被監(jiān)禁。The old ladys son _ for the armed robbery.has been in prison went to prison was sent to prison 課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 注意：prison如果指某一個監(jiān)獄或具體的監(jiān)獄，其前可用a或the。T

5、he girl was born in a prison and was brought up by the prisoners.這位姑娘出生在監(jiān)獄里，是由囚犯們撫養(yǎng)大的。A massive riot broke out in the prison.那所監(jiān)獄發(fā)生了大規(guī)模暴亂。課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 2lose heart喪失勇氣或信心(教材原句)The scientist from whom.never lost heart when he was in trouble.(P37)的科學(xué)家當(dāng)陷入麻煩時從不灰心?！練w納拓展】lose ones

6、 heart to愛上learn sth by heart背誦，牢記put ones heart into專心于break sbs heart使某人很傷心heart and soul全心全意，完全地課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 She lost her heart to the handsome guy.她愛上了這個英俊的小伙子。The boy learned the poem by heart.這男孩背下了這首詩。He was heart and soul against the new rules.他完全反對新規(guī)定。When he was a

7、 child，he lost his heart to writing poems.With many years putting his heart into it，it seemed as if nothing had been achieved，but he will never lose heart.當(dāng)他是個孩子時，他就喜歡上了寫詩。經(jīng)過很多年致力于寫詩之后，他似乎一事無成，但他永不灰心。課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 【導(dǎo)圖助記】課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 【即境活用】完成句子 H e f

8、 a i l e d m a n y t i m e s ， b u t h e _(沒有失去信心)He is such a person that he likes doing everything that he wants to _(全心全意地)didnt lose heart heart and soul 課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 定語從句()導(dǎo)學(xué)助記課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 定語從句中關(guān)系副詞與“介詞關(guān)系代詞”的用法一、關(guān)系副詞when，where，why的使用引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞，除

9、關(guān)系代詞外，還有關(guān)系副詞when，where，why。(1)when表示時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語，其先行詞一般為表示時間的名詞。October 1st,1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.1949年10月1日是中華人民共和國成立的日子。課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 注意：有時盡管先行詞是表示時間的名詞，但如果定語從句中缺少的是主語或賓語，此時應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞。試比較：I will never forget the days that/which I sp

10、ent in the countryside.I will never forget the days when I worked in the countryside.課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 (2)where表示地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語，其先行詞一般為表示地點的名詞。Everyone wants to visit the place where Zhou Enlai once worked.大家都想?yún)⒂^周恩來曾經(jīng)工作過的地方。Is there a shop around where we can get fruit?附近有沒有我們能買

11、到水果的地方？課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 注意：where和when一樣，在定語從句中只能充當(dāng)狀語；否則，必須換用關(guān)系代詞。試比較：This is the factory where my father worked last year.This is the factory that/which my father visited last year.課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 (3)why表示原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語，其先行詞一般為reason。The reason why she to

12、ld a lie is unknown.她為什么撒謊還不清楚。We dont know the reason why they didnt attend the meeting.我們不知道他們?yōu)槭裁礇]有參加會議。再比較：The reason that/which he gave us was hard to accept.The reason why he was late for school is that he missed the first bus.課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 二、“介詞關(guān)系代詞”的用法1用法關(guān)系代詞whom，whic

13、h在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時，可以跟介詞一起放在主句和從句之間；為了使關(guān)系代詞緊跟它所修飾的先行詞，也可以把介詞放在從句中有關(guān)動詞的后面。This is the room in which we lived last year.This is the room which we lived in last year.Whos the comrade whom you just shook hands with？Whos the comrade with whom you just shook hands?課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 2注意事項定

14、語從句中“介詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的關(guān)系代詞是which(指物)，whom(指人)。掌握這個結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)鍵在于對介詞的正確選擇，要注意以下幾個問題：(1)介詞與定語從句中的動詞是一種習(xí)慣性搭配。The person to whom I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.The person whom I spoke to just now is the manager that I told you about.剛才跟我說話的那個人就是我和你談起的那位經(jīng)理。課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航

15、 (2)介詞與定語從句中的形容詞一起構(gòu)成一種習(xí)慣性搭配。The two things about which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.The two things which Marx was not sure about were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.馬克思在語法和英語的某些習(xí)慣用語這兩方面還是沒有把握。(3)介詞和定語從句的先行詞是一種習(xí)慣性搭配。The pen with which he was writ

16、ing broke.The pen which he was writing with broke.他寫字用的那支鋼筆壞了。課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 (4)表示“整體中的部分”或“所有關(guān)系”時，用介詞of。He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows，most of which hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.他付了10美元給這個男孩清洗10個窗戶，大部分窗戶已至少一年沒有擦了。He has three uncles，all of whom are doc

17、tors.他有三個叔叔，他們?nèi)际谴蠓?。課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 (5)“介詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的關(guān)系代詞不能用that，但當(dāng)把介詞放在從句有關(guān)動詞后面時，關(guān)系代詞可用that，也可省略。The man (that/whom) you were talking about has come to our school.你談起的那個人來我們學(xué)校了。The room(that/which) she lives in is a large one.她住的是一個大房間。課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 (6)

18、含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在動詞的后面，因此不能使用“介詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。Is this the watch which he was looking for？(不能說：Is this the watch for which he was looking？)這是他正在找的那塊手表嗎？This is the baby(whom/that) my grandma takes care of.(不能說：This is the baby of whom my grandma takes care.)這就是我奶奶照看的嬰兒。課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法

19、考點導(dǎo)航 3關(guān)系副詞與“介詞關(guān)系代詞”的轉(zhuǎn)化定語從句修飾一個表示時間的名詞時，常用關(guān)系副詞when來引導(dǎo)；定語從句在修飾表示地點的名詞時，一般用關(guān)系副詞where來引導(dǎo)；定語從句在修飾表示原因的名詞時，一般用關(guān)系副詞why來引導(dǎo)。關(guān)系副詞when，where和why代替與其相應(yīng)的先行詞，并在從句中充當(dāng)時間、地點和原因狀語。這三個關(guān)系副詞在意義上相當(dāng)于“介詞關(guān)系代詞”。句中的when，where，why根據(jù)需要可用“介詞關(guān)系代詞which”來替換，即：whenat/in/duringwhich；wherein/atwhich；whyfor which課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點

20、易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 (1)This was a time when(during which)there were still slaves in the USA.那是一個美國還存在奴隸的時代。when代替前面對應(yīng)的先行詞a time，引導(dǎo)定語從句when there were still slaves in the USA，并在定語從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語。when在意義上相當(dāng)于during the time，但我們不能用during the time來引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，需要把the time換成which，即during whichwhen。課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點

21、難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 (2)Is this the house where(in which) he was born?這就是他出生時的那所房子嗎？where代替前面對應(yīng)的先行詞the house，引導(dǎo)定語從句where he was born，修飾表示地點的名詞house，同時where在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語。where在意義上相當(dāng)于in the house，但in the house不能引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，要把the house變成which，即in whichwhere。課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 I wont forget

22、 the days when(in which)I stayed with you.我不會忘記跟你待在一起的日子。The house where(in which)Lu Xun once lived has become a place of interest.魯迅曾經(jīng)住過的地方已成為名勝了。I dont know the reason why(for which)he said that.我不明白他說那事的原因。課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 4關(guān)系副詞和關(guān)系代詞的判斷方法關(guān)系副詞和關(guān)系代詞的選擇是根據(jù)先行詞在定語從句中作的成分。若是作狀語，則用

23、關(guān)系副詞或“介詞which”；若是作主語或賓語，則用關(guān)系代詞。Well remember課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 5關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)的定語從句as用作關(guān)系代詞，既可單獨引出定語從句，又可與主句中的the same或such相呼應(yīng)，從句中的謂語動詞常省略。We do the same work as they(do)我們和他們干同樣的活。I hope to buy such a dress as Mary is wearing.我想買一件瑪麗穿的那種衣服。課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 6as與wh

24、ich引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別關(guān)系代詞which和as都能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，用來指代整個句子，但也有不同之處。(1)as引導(dǎo)的定語從句既可放在主句前，也可放在主句后，而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后。課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 (2)as很多時候意為“正如”，從句的謂語動詞多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report，announce等，而which往往意為“這一點”。As is known to all，Taiwan is part of China.眾所周知，臺灣是中國的一部分。He turned o

25、ut to be very successful，which was more than we could expect.他最后非常成功，這一點超出了我們的預(yù)料。課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 知能精練.單項填空1The days are gone _physical strength was all you needed to make a living.(2011天津，10)Awhen Bthat Cwhere Dwhich解析句意：體力是你賴以生存的唯一手段的日子一去不復(fù)返了。該題為分隔式定語從句，先行詞是the days。且定語從句中不缺少

26、句子成分，故用關(guān)系副詞when。答案A課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 2Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _it will keep for two or three weeks.(2011安徽，28)Awhen Bwhich Cwhere Dwhile解析句意：任何剩下的東西也許都可以放進(jìn)冰箱，在那里可以保存兩到三周的時間。該題為非限制性定語從句，且定語從句中不缺少句子成分，故用關(guān)系副詞where。答案C課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語

27、法考點導(dǎo)航 3I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, _we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.(2011陜西，11)Awhich Bwhere Cwho Dthat解析句意：我和我的朋友們一直走到了山頂，在那里我們欣賞了湖的美景。關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，并在定語從句中作地點狀語，先行詞為the top of the hill。答案B課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 4A bank is the place _they lend yo

28、u an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.(2011浙江，10)Awhen Bthat Cwhere Dthere解析句意：銀行是晴天時給你雨傘，下雨時收回雨傘的地方。先行詞是the place，因從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，不缺少句子成分，故用關(guān)系副詞where。答案C課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 5Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _life

29、 has developed gradually.(2010福建，24)Athat Bwhere Cwhich Dwhose解析定語從句的先行詞是planet，表示地點，故用關(guān)系副詞where。答案B課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 6We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.(2012浙江，9)Awhy Bwhen Cto whom Don which解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處考查定語從句，先行詞是an age，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作時間狀語，所以應(yīng)該用關(guān)系副詞when，故選B項。答案B課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語法考點導(dǎo)航語法考點導(dǎo)航 7The air quality in the city，_ is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.(2012福建，23)Athat Bit Cas Dwhat解析句意：正如報道所描述的那樣，這個城市的空氣質(zhì)量在過去的兩個月中已得到改善。關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)一個非限制性定語從句，意為“正如，如同”。答案C課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)課前自主導(dǎo)學(xué)考點難點易混點考點難點易混點語