《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》.ppt

GeorgeEliot 1819 1880 RealistwriterOneofthemostpowerfulofcontemporarywriters Amongallthevictorianwomannovelists onlytheBrontesistersseemherequals D H Lawrenceregardedherasthefirstnovelistthat startedputtingalltheactionsinside GeneralComments Herfamily Shewasbornonafarminthefamilyofalandagent HerfatherwastheagentforanestateinWarwickshire沃里克郡TherearefivechildreninGeorgeEliotsfamily Shewastheyoungestofthefivechildreninthefamily Eliot sbirthplaceatSouthFarm Arbury Lifeexperiences 1841EliotandherfathermovedtoFoleshill富利斯希爾nearCoventry考文垂TheclosenesstoCoventrysocietybroughtnewinfluences mostnotablythoseofCharlesandCaraBray卡拉布雷Criticalaboutreligion 1851EliotmetGeorgeHenryLewesBy1854TheydecidedtolivetogetherthoughLeweswasmarriedthen Injuly1854LewesandEliottravelledtoWeimar魏瑪andBerlintogetherforthepurposeofresearch On16 May 1880 EliotgetmarriedtoamanJohnCrosswhowastwentyyearsyoungerthanherselfregardlessofcontroversy Aftertheirhoneymoon Eliotfellillwithathroatinfection alongwiththekidneydiseaseshehadbeenafflictedwithforthepreviousfewyears resultinginherdeathon22 December 1880attheageof61 Afterherdeath shewasburiedinHighgateCemmetery London nexttoGeorgeHenryLewes In1980 onthecentenary 一百周年紀念 ofherdeath amemorialstonewasestablishedforherinthePoet sCorner 早期小說AdamBede 亞當 貝德 TheMillontheFloss 弗洛斯河上的磨房 SilasMarner 織工馬南 中期小說Romola 羅慕拉 后期小說middlemarch 米德爾馬契 Mainworks Feminism theMillontheFloss Maincharacters MaggieTulliver YoungfemaleprotagonistTomTulliver Maggie sbrotherPhilipWakem Hunchbacked駝背classmateofTom andfriend suitortoMaggieMrTulliver Maggie sandTom sfather ownerofthemill StephenGuest AffluentsuitortoLucy Plotsummary Thenovelspansaperiodof10to15years fromTom sandMaggie schildhoodupuntiltheirdeathsinafloodonthefloss Thebookisfictionalautobiographyinpart reflectingthedisgracethatGeorgeEliotherselfhadwhileinalengthyrelationshipwithamarriedman GeorgeHenryLewes berepressedby MaggieTulliverwithherparentsandherolderbrotherTom Maggie bookslover eagertolearn longingforknowledge compassionate ethusiastic clever malechauvinism herfather praisesforthedaugher seduction keepstraditionalconcept awomanshouldnotbesoclever herbrotherTom envysandhatesblowsherconfidence hermother spoilesTom allowstobullyMaggie thinksthisisman sstrongpersonalitywantshertobeaVictorianlady 我只想如鏡子反映事物那樣 把人物和事件反映在我腦子里的表象一絲不爽地敘述出來而已 我這面鏡子毫無疑問是有缺點的 有時候 輪廓會給歪曲了 照出來的影子模糊而混亂 不過 我總覺得自己有責任把事物反映在我腦子里的表象盡可能準確地告訴讀者 正如我是在證人席上宣誓要忠實敘述我所見所聞的實情一樣 喬治 艾略特 TheCharacteristicsofEliot sWorks Asawomanofexceptionalintelligenceandlifeexperience GeorgeEliotshowsaparticularconcernforthedestinyofwomen especiallythosewithgreatintelligence potentialandsocialaspirations Inhermind thepathetictragedyofwomenliesintheirbirth Theirinferioreducationandlimitedsociallifedeterminethattheymustdependonmenforsustenanceandrealizationoftheirgoals andtheyhaveonlytofulfillthedomesticduties ThestatusofwomenintheVictorianera 1Marriageandthehome ThelifeofwomeninVictorianerawasgenerallycenteredonfamily TheonlyroleofwomenintheVictorianerawastogetmarried havechildren pleasetheirhusbandsandlookafterthehomelychores 2Divorceandlegaldiscrimination Thelawregardedamarriedcoupleasoneperson Thelawexpectedwomentoobeytheirhusbands judgement Womenhadnopropertyrights evenintheproceedsoftheirownearnings Theyhadnorightstocustody撫養(yǎng)oftheirownchildrenandwereexcludedfromuniversitiesandprofessions 3Victorianmoralityandsexuality Womenwereexpectedtohavesexwithonlyoneman theirhusband However itwasacceptableformentohavemultiplepartnersintheirlife 4Education Theyoungwomenweremainlyeducatedinaccomplishmentslikedrawing painting singing dancing everythingwhichhelpedthemtogetaperfectsuitor Butthemenhadtheopportunitytostudysubjectsofanextended classicalnature Womenwererarelygiventheopportunitytoattenduniversity 5WomenintheworkforceTheexplosivegrowthofindustry especiallythetextileindustry broughthundredsofthousandsofwomenintofactoryjobs Infactories womenwereemployedascheaplaborandwereforcedtodoveryheavyandhardjobsforabouthalftheusualpay Inthisperiod sexualinequalityinpoliti