初中介詞講解.doc

此文檔收集于網絡，僅供學習與交流，如有侵權請聯系網站刪除 介詞講解 課標要求了解及掌握介詞的基本用法，能夠辨別介詞詞組的意義與區(qū)別，并且，要求學生可以在具體的語言環(huán)境中準確運用介詞的用法。一， 考綱要求1. 掌握常見介詞的基本用法，如表示時間，方位，方式的介詞的基本用法 2.介詞構成短語的意義，用法，及意義的區(qū)別。2. 命題趨勢：介詞的基本用法中的表示時間的介詞；介詞短語的固定搭配在選擇題，完型題中的考查。二， 考點表示時間，地點及方式的介詞基本用法；基本固定介詞短語的用法，及易混詞組的區(qū)分。三， 介詞知識精講1. 概念 介詞（虛詞），不能在句子中獨立充當成分。它總是用于名詞、代詞、或相當于名詞的其它詞類 或短語活從句前。 中考需要掌握的 11 個介詞：in、on、at、to、from、by、with、for、about、after、before 表示時間的介詞。2. 介詞的句法功能A、作定語：The book on the table is mine.B、作狀語：We have breakfast at seven.（表時間）； They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain（表原因）； They started the machine by pressing the button.（表方法）C、作表語：My dictionary is in the bag.D、作賓語補足語：I found him in the office.3.介詞基本用法A.表示時間的介詞in表示年、季節(jié)、月份、周，或泛指上午、下午或晚上；on表示某一天，某一天的上午、下午或晚上；at表示某一時刻或時間上的某一點。at表示具體“鐘點”時間at seven oclockat half past twoon主要用于具體的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上，還用于具有某種特征的一天。on Mondayon August 8th, 2008on the night of National Dayon a rainy eveningin用于世紀、年、季節(jié)、月in the 21st century / in 2010in spring / in January表示在一段時間以后in a week（一周以后）固定用法in the morning / afternoon / eveningAt noon; at nightat noon / night / midnightin 的第二種用法。表示“在一段時間以后”：in， after 兩者區(qū)別：I will come back in a week. 我一周后將回來。 I came back after a week. 我一周后回來了?！癷n+時間段”表示將來時（用在表示將來時的句子中）；“after+ 時間段”表示過去時（用在表示一般過去時態(tài)的句子中）。例題： “What do think Joe will be _ five years?” “He will be a policeman. ”B.表示方位的介詞表位置時： in “在.內/里面” in the desk _on意為 “在的上面”； on the desk _ “在兩邊”、“在左邊/右邊” on the right/left _在樹上in the tree 逗留在樹上的鳥，人等 on the tree 生長在樹上的葉子，果實等在墻上 in the wall 窗戶，釘子，洞孔等嵌入墻內的東西 on the wall 地圖，畫像等懸掛，張貼在墻上的東西在報上 in the newspaper 印刷在報紙上的內容 on the newspaper 放在報紙上的東西，眼睛、書等 over意為“在（垂直）的正上方”；above意為“在（不一定垂直）的上方”；1. 都可表示“高于”，over 主要表示垂直在上的正上方，而 above 則不一定表 示正上方。2. 均可表示數目、數量等的“多于”、“超過”、“以上”。 指數量時，over(morethan) 表示“超過” above(=higher than) 指上下垂直的度量以及海拔高度e.g：Youhavetobeover18toseethisfilm.你得超過十八歲才能看這部電影。Themountainisover(morethan)4,000metresabove(higherthan)sealevel. 那座山海拔有四千多米高。3. 若含有動態(tài)或覆蓋的意味，通常用 over，而不用 above。 Sheputhercoatoverthesleepingbaby.她把大衣蓋在那正在睡覺的孩子身上。 Theresaclothoverthetable.桌上攤著一塊臺布。 Sheputherhandsoverherface.她用手遮住臉。 under意為“在（垂直的）正下方”；e.g. under the chair _below意為“在（不一定垂直）的下方”；低于e.g. temperature will fall below zero _-over-under；above-below near意為“在附近”；next to意為“緊挨著”；round / around意為“在周圍”；by意為“在旁邊”（stand by）；表地點：in 在范圍較大的地方； at 在范圍較小的地方study_ home; arrive_ Beijing; _ the bus stop; 表示兩者的位置關系時：in表示“在同一區(qū)域內或同一范圍內”； on表示“接壤；相鄰”； to表示“相離；相隔”，兩者不屬同一范圍，也不接壤。Taiwan is in the east of China. _India is on the south of China._Japan is to the east of China._介詞意 義例 句on在上His book is on the desk.under在下The football is under the chair.in在里There is a pencil case in the schoolbag.in front of在前There is a tree in front of the house.behind在后He is standing behind me.beside在旁邊Tom is sitting beside the window.C.表示延續(xù)時間的介詞by意為“在之前；不遲于”；for意為“歷時之久；持續(xù)”；in意為“在以后；在時間內”；since意為“自從以來；自以后”；until用于否定句中，意為“直到才”，（not.until）用在肯定句中，意為“直到為止”a) 他已經當老師9年了。He has been a teacher _ nine years.b) 我已經在這兒住了10年了。I have lived here _ ten years ago.c) 他十分鐘之后將會回來。He will be back _ ten minutes.d) 直到五月，我們才會看到一些花。We dont see any flowers _ May.e) 你必須得在這里站到太陽落下去為止。You must stand here _ the sun sets.f) 我明天早晨八點前必須得到校。I must be at school _ eight tomorrow morning.g）你能在五分鐘之內干完這些工作嗎？Can you finish your work _ five minutes?D表示方式的介詞介詞用來表交通，常把by, in, on來用；by要直通海陸空，限定、復數用in / on；騎馬、騎車慣用on，小轎車前in才通?！咀ⅰ?. by + 交通工具，意為“乘坐”。如： 海：be ship / boat / sea 陸：by bus / car / train / bike / taxi 空：by air / plane / spaceship2. on / in + 限定詞 + 交通工具，意為“乘坐”。（交通工具前面有the，ones等限定詞時，介詞不能用by，用in或者on）e.gHe goes to work on the bike / in his car/on the train/on his mothers bike. 他騎自行車 / 開車/坐火車/ 騎他媽媽的自行車去上班。3. on foot為固定短語，意為“步行”。E. 表示運動方向的介詞across意為“從表面穿過”，或沿某一條線的方向而進行的動作；through意為 “從內部穿過”；past和by表示“從旁邊經過或路過”。如： Please be careful when you go _ the street. Look! The mosquito is trying to fly _ the window. We often go _ a bakery on our way to school.F: 介詞練習題：1.He kept his head _ water when he began to learn swimming, but he raised his head now and then A. over B. below C. above D. up2. Another grand bridge will be built _ the Pearl River in our city. A. along B. up C. on D. across3. Ill leave Beijing for Guangzhou _ a week, while my brother will leave Guangzhou for Beijing _ our National Day.A. in, in B. after, in C. after, after D. in, after4. The huge picture looks more beautiful _ the blue sky.A. against B. to C. over D. under5. The climate here doesnt agree _ her.A. to B. on C. with D. at6. Standard time in Beijing is eight hours _ Greenwich Mean Time(GMT格林威治標準時間).A. after B. front C. ahead of D. forward7. - Can you tell me whats your aim in life, Li Ping?- I am aiming _ a famous physicist. A. at B. for C. in D. to8. Pass _ the bus, everyone. the conductor shouted politely. A. on B. into C. to D. along9. I was angry _ missing the gongfu film with Cheng Long as hero.A. at B. with C. for D. on10. We were anxious _ news of your safe arrival.A. to B. of C. for D. at11. Tom was arguing _ the payment of the bill_ John.A. about; on B. over; with C. on; on D. with; with12. They were astonished _ the news of his escape from prison.A. for B. in C. at D. to 13. He was absorbed _ a book and didnt hear your repeated call.A. to B. in C. with D. at14. - Are you familiar with the bank over there?- Only a little, I have an account _ it.A. in B. with C. to D. of15. The doctor bent _ the boy and checked his wound.A. up B. on C. above D. over16. Mary answered all the questions _ the last one, which she had never heard of before. A. besides B. except C. apart from D. except for17. Hunan lies _ such provinces as Hubei, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou and Chongqin. A. among B. above C. beside D. between18. The dying man is _ the help of the doctor.A. outside B. without C. out of D. beyond19. I dont know why he blamed the accident _ me.A. at B. to C. for D. on20. The horse is blind _ the left eye.A. to B. in C. for D. on21. He is very strict with others, but he is always blind _ his own shortcomings.A. for B. to C. with D. in22. We will never forget this historical lesson written _ blood.A. by B. with C. of D. in23. It is said that a bridge is being built _ the river.A. under B. to C. over D. at24. - How did you go to work yesterday?- I went to work _ my friends private car.A. by B. in C. on D. at25. The train leaves at 6:00 p.m., so I have to be at the station _ 5:40 p.m. at the least. A. until B. after C. by D. around26. I called _ you last night, but you were out.A. with B. on C. at D. in27. You should write the first letter of the sentence _ capital one.A. on B. with C. in D. at28. He is too careful _ his money; he never buys a drink for us.A. to B. at C. for D. with29. Can you say _ certain when he will come here?A. at B. for C. with D. in30. More than 20 years ago he was badly wounded in the anti-Vietnam war. Since then he can only walk _ an arm-chair .A. in B. on C. by D. over31. Einstein didnt care for money. Once he used a check _ $1000 as a bookmark and then he lost it.A. for B. of C. about D. to32. When the Chinese delegation arrived at Vienna airport, they were received _ cheers. A. in B. for C. on D. with33. The little boy is very clever _ every subject.A. at B. in C. about D. on34. Her clothes are very bright _ colour. A. of B. in C. on D. with35. Dont sit _the corner of the desk. Thats impolite for a student.A. on B. in C. to D. at36. It is said that the step-mother is very cruel _ the children.A. with B. at C. about D. to37. The boy is curious _ everything. I am sure he is very clever.A. to B. about C. with D. in38. She is crazy _ the film star, while her brother is crazy _ surfing.A. to; for B. on; to C. for; at D. for; on39. Once everyone is _ his life, he will instinctively(本能) find every possible way _.A. in danger of; out of danger B. in the danger of; out of dangerC. in danger of; out of the danger D. in the danger of; out of the danger40. Lets put our heads together and decide _ a plan of action.A. on B. about C. for D. at41. During her study in Massachusetts Institute of Technology she has got the degree _ PhD, and it is a degree _ chemistry.A. of; at B. in; at C. of; in D. in; of42. In China children, even in their twenties depended _ their parents _ food and clothing.A. upon; on B. on; in C. on; for D. at; to43. Our national scenery Zhangjiajie is so charming that it is _ description.A. out B. beside C. over D. beyond44. _ the _ of modern industry, the pollution is becoming more and more serious.A. With; developing B. Under; developmentC. With; development D. Under; developing45. The twins look much like each other, but they are different _ nature.A. in B.