五種基本句型講與練.doc

五種基本句型 英語(yǔ)句子有長(zhǎng)在短，有簡(jiǎn)有繁，從現(xiàn)象看，似乎千變?nèi)f化，難以捉摸，但從實(shí)質(zhì)看，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，找出其共同規(guī)律。英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝,演變?yōu)楦鞣N類型的句型。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句可以擴(kuò)展為很長(zhǎng)的一個(gè)復(fù)雜句：When the boy who was very ill came into the room, he who was tired and frightened saw angrily the cat that was sitting on the table,eating his vegetables and meat which he had bought an hour ago.英語(yǔ)五種基本句型列式如下：基本句型主語(yǔ)謂 語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)S + Vi Shesings.S + Vt + OShesingsSongs.S + Vi + PSheisa singer.S+ V+Oi+OdShesanghima song.S+Y+O+COSheaskedhimto sing to.以上五種句型都可以加各種修飾語(yǔ)：1、Toms sister,Mary,sings wery well.2, Every morning she sings folk songs at the top of her voice near the window.3, If she works hard, she may become a famous singer some day.4,Every morning,she sings countless songs to her brother,and give him no peace.5,Sometimes,naughty Mary would ask her angry brother to sing together with her.從上表可以看出，英語(yǔ)的句子一般都有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)兩個(gè)部分，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是句子的主要成分，其它句子子的次要成分。 基本句型一此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，不能跟賓語(yǔ)，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等。常用的不及物動(dòng)詞有：walk. look. swim. go. come. work. run, live. stay arrive 不及物動(dòng)詞如果要變成及物動(dòng)詞，就必須加相應(yīng)的介詞。如：go to , look at, listen to 等。有的動(dòng)詞同時(shí)可以是及物也可以是不及物。 He sold the book, The book sells well. Lets meet at the gate. Ill meet my uncle. Answer me a question. Why didnt you give me a answer? Call me in the meeting. Did anyone called yesterday? I know him. I dont know.1.Thesunwasshining.2.Themoonrose.3.Weallbreathe,eat,anddrink.4.He runs in the park. 5.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.6.Thepenwritessmoothly7. Birds fly. 8. Class begins. 9. They also play together after school.10. He often runs in the morning.11. He often walks after supper.12. He always swims in summer.13. Flowers grow in spring.14. He is lying under the tree.15. I live far away from school.16, We travel by bicycle.17. I get there at eight.18. The bus goes along Yuhua Road.19. The wind is blowing.20. The days start before 6 oclock.21.The bus stopped at the station.22.They live on the ninth floor.23.My eyes hurt.24.The students study hard.25. The sun shines in summer. 基本句型二 此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。 有些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，其后跟賓語(yǔ)。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是由“不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞”或“及物動(dòng)詞+副詞”構(gòu)成。1.Whoknowstheanswer? 2.Shesmiledherthanks.3.Hehasrefusedtohelpthem. 4.Heenjoysreading.5.Theyatethree apples. 6.HesaidGoodmorning.7.Iwanttohaveacupoftea. 8.Heoften plays football.9. I have two brothers. 10. He never rides his bicycle to school.11.We watch television after supper. 12. You can see plenty of bees in the park.13. Stop talking. 14. She likes her job.15. Birds are making their nests. 16. My father read the book.17.They want to go. 18. I know him very well.20, You must listen to me. 21. Look at the blackboard.22. Many people like traveling by bus. 23. I get on the bus.24. We cant play boy games after school. He looks after his brother. They put up a new hospital.基本句型三 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。特點(diǎn)：聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，后跟表語(yǔ)。系動(dòng)詞分兩類：1、表示情況或狀態(tài)，又分三類：（1）、be,keep,seem,appear 狀態(tài)（2）、feel,smell, sound,taste look,等感官動(dòng)詞變化而來(lái)（3）、keep,stay,continue,remain,go rise不及物動(dòng)詞變化而來(lái)。2表示主語(yǔ)變化過(guò)程：get,grow,become,turn，go, come等。be本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)的作用。其它系動(dòng)詞仍保持其部分詞義。1.ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary. 2.Thedinnersmellsgood.3.Hefellinlove. 4.Everythinglooksdifferent.5.Heisgrowingtallandstrong. 6.Thetrouble isthattheyareshortofmoney.7.Ourwellhasgonedry. 8.Hisfaceturnedred.9. It is an apple. 10. Im thirteen years old.11. They are in the park. 12. The tall man is my father.13. Im poor at English. 14. My father is a farmer.15.They are bothseven years old. 16. They are in the park.17. They are good friends. 18. The food tastes nicer,19. It gets warmer and warmer. 20. The days are longer.21. He became a scientist. 22. His face goes red. 基 本 句型四此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者，往往指物；另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者。表示動(dòng)作是“對(duì)著誰(shuí)”，“為了誰(shuí)”做的，往往指人。怎樣才能知道動(dòng)作是“為了誰(shuí)”還是“對(duì)著誰(shuí)”，那就要根據(jù)間接賓語(yǔ)是表示動(dòng)作的方向還是動(dòng)作的目的來(lái)定。雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)：pass / give / teach / offer / lend / send / sell / call / show / buy / ask / tell 等可加雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)。也就是接sb + sth. Pass me the book, please. He gave us some pens. (1)、其中pass, give, offer, lend, send, sell, show,bring, hand, tell, return, write, pay,teach,promise等動(dòng)詞表示方向，即動(dòng)作是“對(duì)著誰(shuí)”，后的間接賓語(yǔ)前用to,構(gòu)成sth + to sb. 如: lend the book to me. The old man gave the apple to the boy. （2）、而buy, buildmake, do, fetch, get, play, save, cook, sing, find, 動(dòng)詞后的間接賓語(yǔ)是表示目的，即動(dòng)作是“為了誰(shuí)”做的，后用sth + for sb.結(jié)構(gòu)。 My brother bought a dictionary for me. My mother made a cake for me.（3）、間接賓語(yǔ)通常位于直接賓語(yǔ)之前，但當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，間接賓語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，或兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)都是人稱代詞時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)位于直接賓語(yǔ)之后，這時(shí)在間接賓語(yǔ)前必須加to或for.如：I pass it to my mother. She threw them to me.1.I showed him my pictures. 2. I gave my car a wash.3. I told him that the bus was late. 4、She passed him a new dress.5.She cooked her a delicious meal. 6. She brought her husband a dictionary.7. He bought you nothing. 8.I showed her my pictures.9.I gave him a hand. 10. I told him how to run the machine. 基本句型五 此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整。特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，即：“賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)” They made her happy, I saw her dance. I found the movie interesting. He left the door open.1、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)有三種情況： 1）、在ask, tell, invite, force, get, allow, help, wish, want, like, hate, prefer等動(dòng)詞后，應(yīng)用帶to的不定式。 2）、在感官動(dòng)詞see, hear, watch,listen to, notice, feel, look at,和使役動(dòng)詞have, make, let 后，不定式不帶to. 3)、help 后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可帶to 也可不帶。2、常用分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：see, watch, notice, hear, feel, make, have, get, keep, find等。3、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)有區(qū)別： “賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞賓補(bǔ)”在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系； “賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞賓補(bǔ)”在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 I saw someone knoking at the door. I saw the door knocked at.1. They painted the door green. 2. I found the boy sitting in the room.3. This made me thinking. 4. I