Book 6 Unit 1 虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法學(xué)案.doc

Book 6 Unit 1 Art Grammar- Subjucntive MoodTips：When youre good to others, you are best to yourself. 善待他人，即是最善待自己。 Learning objective: How to use Subjuntive Mood -“虛擬語(yǔ)氣”Key &Difficult Learning Point: How to use “虛擬語(yǔ)氣”correctlyLearning Procedures虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本用法虛擬語(yǔ)氣是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用來(lái)表示_，或者用來(lái)表示_、_或說(shuō)話人的_。 一、非真實(shí)條件中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 非真實(shí)條件就是_假設(shè)，包括違背_的假設(shè)，違背_的假設(shè)，以及違背_的假設(shè)。在這三種情況下，條件從句和主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采取下列虛擬形式。1違背現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的假設(shè)：從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用_（_/_），主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用_ /_ /_ /_ + _.If the earth _ no gravity, the moon _ to the sun假如地球沒(méi)有引力，月球就要向太陽(yáng)飛去。If _ a fish, I _ in the river freely.假如我是魚(yú)的話，我就可以在河中自由地游泳了。If I _ you, I _ their proposal我要是你，就重新考慮他們的建議。2違背過(guò)去事實(shí)的假設(shè)：從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用_（_+ _/_），主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用_ /_ /_ /_ +_ + _.If I _ _ a little earlier, I _ _ _ the train我要是早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身，就趕上火車(chē)了。If I _ _ harder, I _ _ _ _ to a better university. 我要是早點(diǎn)更加努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，就被一所好大學(xué)錄取了。If she _ _ your advice, she _ _ _ a serious mistake她要不是聽(tīng)了你的勸告，就犯大錯(cuò)誤了。3可能違背將來(lái)事實(shí)的假設(shè)：從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用_ /_ /_ +_，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用_ /_ /_ /_ + _.這里指的是將來(lái)不大可能發(fā)生的假設(shè)，或者雖有可能發(fā)生，但說(shuō)話人主觀上不希望發(fā)生的假設(shè)。這種假設(shè)相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)中常用的萬(wàn)一，居然，竟然等含義。例如： If he _ fail, we _ _ him to try again萬(wàn)一他失敗，我們就鼓勵(lì)他再試一次。 If I _ _ be given another chance, I _ _ harder.要是再給我一次機(jī)會(huì)，我就會(huì)更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)。If I _ _ _ it , I _ _ it in a different way要是我來(lái)做這件事，我會(huì)采用另一種做法。 【注意】由某些連詞如_, _（假設(shè)）=if也可以引導(dǎo)條件句。Eg: Supposing white were black, you would be right. 假如黑白顛倒的話，你就是正確的。由并列連詞_, _ , _ 連接的并列句，表轉(zhuǎn)折。Eg: I am busy ,otherwise I would go 要是我不忙的話，我就去。4介詞短語(yǔ)表示的假設(shè)條件 有時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo)條件從句，而用介詞_ (_), _ (_) , _ (_) , _ (_)引出的介詞短語(yǔ)，表示違背事實(shí)的假設(shè)條件，這時(shí)句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式。Eg: _ air，there _ _ no wind or clouds沒(méi)有空氣就不會(huì)有風(fēng)，也不會(huì)有云。 We _ _ _ the work on time _ your help.要是沒(méi)有你的幫助的話，我們就不能按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作了。In that case，we _ _ _ the work better如果那樣的話，我們本可能把工作做得更好些的。 _ _ the storm，we _ _ _ earlier要是沒(méi)有碰上暴雨，我們還會(huì)早一點(diǎn)到的。 5連接詞if的省略 如果條件從句的謂語(yǔ)包含有_，_或_，有時(shí)_可以省略。這時(shí)had，should或were要移到主語(yǔ)的前面，形成_。這種句型主要見(jiàn)于書(shū)面形式。 Eg : If I were you, I would go there. = Were I you, I would go there.我要是你的話，就去那里了。If I had come earlier, I would not have missed this scene in the film. = Had I come earlier, I would not have missed this scene in the film.我要是來(lái)早一點(diǎn)的話，就不會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)電影的這個(gè)情景。Had he not been ill，he might have come要不是生病，他會(huì)來(lái)的。_.Should it rain tomorrow，what could we do？萬(wàn)一明天下雨，我們能做些什么呢？_.【注意】 在否定句中，否定詞應(yīng)放在主語(yǔ)_，不可_，也不可_。If he had not seen his brother, he would not have known the news = Had he not seen his brother, he would not have known the news. 他要是沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到他哥哥的話，就不知道這個(gè)消息。二、其他從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 在表示_、_、_以及_和_等含義的_、_、_和_中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，由_或_構(gòu)成?，F(xiàn)分述如下： 1主語(yǔ)從句 在下列結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 It is _ that （有必要；必須） It is _ that（必須；是要緊的） It is _ that（重要的是；是很重要的） It is _ that（必須；是必要的） It is _ that（最好；是理想的） It is _ that（最好） It is _ that（根據(jù)命令；人們要求） It is _ that（人們建議） It is _ that（最好；需要） It is _ that（人們要求） It is _ that（有人建議） It is _ that（有人推薦） It is _ that（根據(jù)要求） It is _（已經(jīng)決定） It is _ that（業(yè)已安排） 例如： It was arranged that they leave the following week根據(jù)安排，他們下星期動(dòng)身。 It is suggested that the meeting（should）be held at some other time人們建議換一個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)會(huì)。It is suggested that she should do it again. 他建議她這件事情再做一次。It is necessary that he (should ) be here tomorrow. 他有必要明天來(lái)這里。Im sorry that she should fail in the exam. 真可憐，她考試竟然不及格。Its strange that she should fail in the exam. 真奇怪，她考試竟然不及格。2賓語(yǔ)從句 在某些表示命令,建議等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中需用should+動(dòng)詞原形的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式?！皊hould”可以省略。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有:一個(gè)堅(jiān)持_; 兩個(gè)命令_, _ ; 三條建議_ , _, _;四項(xiàng)要求_, _, _, _;【注意】當(dāng)insist表堅(jiān)持_時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而當(dāng)表_，_，表一種_時(shí)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 I insist that a doctor _ be sent for immediately. 我堅(jiān)持立即派人找醫(yī)生。I insisted that I _ broken the glass. 我堅(jiān)持說(shuō)我沒(méi)有打爛玻璃。當(dāng)suggest表_用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，當(dāng)表_時(shí)用陳述語(yǔ)氣I suggest that we _ set off at once. 我建議我們立即動(dòng)身。He suggests that she _ do it again.他建議她這件事情再做一次。His pale face suggested that he _ ill. 他蒼白的臉色表明他生病了。 wish，would rather后的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句，表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的主觀愿望。這類(lèi)賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如果與_相反，賓語(yǔ)從句用_。Eg: I wish she _ with me now. 她現(xiàn)在和我在一起該多好?。 wish I _ both English and French我要是既懂英文又懂法文就好了。 I wish I _ as young as you我要是像你一樣年輕該多好。I would rather you _ here now, 我真希望你現(xiàn)在在這里。如果與_相反，賓語(yǔ)從句用_。Eg: I wish I _ _ that house last year. 我去年要是買(mǎi)了那所房子該多好啊！如果與_相反，賓語(yǔ)從句用_ /_ /_ /_ + _.Eg: I wish I _ _ a birthday party next month. 我要是下個(gè)月能開(kāi)個(gè)生日派對(duì)該多好?。　咀⒁狻縿?dòng)詞wish如果是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式不變，仍用過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)和過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。例如： I wished I hadnt made that mistake我當(dāng)時(shí)多么希望沒(méi)犯那個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。3同位語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句 在下列名詞的同位語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣：_（_），_（_），_（_），_（_、_），_（_）。例如： He gave the order that the results of the experiment（_）be rechecked他命令對(duì)那次實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果重新核對(duì)。What do you think of his suggestion that she _ do it again? 你認(rèn)為他的讓她再做這件事情的建議如何？My suggestion is that we（_）send a trade delegation to Malaysia我建議派一個(gè)貿(mào)易代表團(tuán)去馬來(lái)西亞。His suggestion was that she _ do it again. 他建議她這件事情再做一次。4. 由as if , as though引導(dǎo)的_談?wù)揰或_的情形時(shí)，使用_。Eg: She loved the little child as if she _ his mother.她非常愛(ài)這個(gè)小孩子，好像是他的媽媽似的。After that, he acted as if nothing _ _.從此之后，他表現(xiàn)地好像什么都沒(méi)有發(fā)生似的。They look worried, as if something _ _. 他們看起來(lái)很擔(dān)心，好像什么事情要發(fā)生似的?！咀⒁狻慨?dāng)談?wù)揰或_的事或情形時(shí)_用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Eg: It looks as if Im going to be busy. = Im probably going to be busy. 看起來(lái)我就要忙了。 三由_ that 引導(dǎo)的從句須用_或_+_。Eg: It is high time that we got up /should get up now. 我們到起床的時(shí)候了。四有的條件句，_、_句_不一致，叫_條件句，要根據(jù)句子意思來(lái)調(diào)整主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.Eg : If we _ _ everything ready by now, we _ _ having a terrible time tomorrow. 如果現(xiàn)在一切都沒(méi)準(zhǔn)備好，明天情況就糟了。（從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反。）If you _ _ him yesterday, you _ _ what to do now. 如果你昨天問(wèn)他的話，就知道現(xiàn)在要做什么了。（從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。）If it _ _ last night , it _ _ very cold today . 如果昨天晚上下雨的話，那么今天就非常冷了。（從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。）If I _ you，I _ _ _ the film last night如果我是你，我就不會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)昨天晚上的那部電影。（從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，主句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。）If he _ _ the doctors advice，he _ _ already如果他遵照醫(yī)生的勸告，現(xiàn)在病就好了。（從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。）Step 2 虛擬語(yǔ)氣專(zhuān)練1. (2008山東)Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you。A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed2. (2008江西)What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he _ better。A. need have doneB. must have doneC. can have doneD. might have done3.I wish I _ the meeting。(2009年鄭州市第二次質(zhì)量檢測(cè))But you didnt。4. Why didnt you come to Mikes birthday party yesterday? Well, I_, but I forgot it。(河南省普通高中2009年畢業(yè)班教學(xué)質(zhì)量調(diào)研考試)A. should have B. must C. shouldD. must have5. (2009年河北保定市高三調(diào)研試題)I _ to go for a walk, but someone called and I couldnt get way。A. was planning B. had planned C. planned D. would plan6. (2009年河北保定市高三調(diào)研試題)I would like _ you to my birthday party, but I was busy and forgot to call you。A. to invite B. inviting C. to have invited D. having invited7. Did you visit the famous cultural relics last month? (江西省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)2009屆高三第一次聯(lián)考)No, we _ visited it, but we spent too much time shopping。A. could have B. must have C. can have D. ought