南京信息工程大學試卷2019- 2020學年第2學期綜合英語課程試卷

PAGEPAGE10南京信息工程大學試卷2019－20202學期2課程試卷(A卷)本試卷共12 頁；考試時間120分鐘；任課教師_；出卷時間2020年6月 學院 _ 專業(yè)

級 班學號 姓名 得分 Note:AlltasksaretobefinishedbywritinganswersontheassignedAnswerSheet.PartCompletion. (10%)Directions:Inthissection,youwillread10definitions.Youarerequiredtospellthewordswiththehelpofboththedefinitionandtheindicatedfirstletters.PleasewritedownthewordsontheAnswerSheet.c n.thehappinessyoufeelwhenyouhaveeverythingyouwantandenjoyyourlifeu adj.mostextremed adj.oforforidentifyingthenatureofanillnessf makeiteasierforaprocessoractivitytohappenm adj.abletospeakoruseseveraldifferentlanguagesa causeseveresufferingorpaind adj.shockinglybadinqualityh n.sth.thatindicatesorforeshadowswhatistocomev adj.weakandeasilyaffectedbyillnessmdifficultto

v.makeanunpleasantsituationoritseffectlessseriousandPartII：Vocabulary&Grammar (15%)Directions:Inthispart,there15sentences.BeneatheachsentencetherefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.chooseoneorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentence.PleasemarkyourchoicesintheAnswerSheet.Thereisnodoubt thecommitteehasmadetherightdecisiononthehousingproject.A.why B.that C.whether D.whenThere nothingmorefordiscussion,themeetingcametoanendhalfanhourA.tobe B.tohavebeen C.being D.beIfyouexplainedthesituationtoyourlawyer,he abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.A.willbe B.wouldbe C.was D.were Whenyouhavefinishedwiththatbook,don'tforgettoputitbackontheshelf, ?A.willyou B.doyou C.don'tyou D.won'tyouItisessentialthathe allthefactsfirst.A.isexamining B.willexamine C.examines D.examineWhichofthefollowingsentencesisINCORRECT?Physicsisanimportantschoolsubject.TheUnitedStatesbordersCanada.TheNiagaraFallsisinNorthAmerica.Mumpsisakindofinfectiousdisease.WhichofthefollowingsentencesindicatesPOSSIBLITY?Themooncannotalwaysbeatthefull.cannotsmokeinsidethebuilding.HecannotcomeShecannotplaythepiano.Thegovernmentseespricecontrolsasawaytocombatinflation.Theunderlinedpartmeans .A.slowdown B.prevent C.fight D.stopThepolicesearchedthehousethoroughlybutfoundnosignsofabreak-in.Theunderlinedpartmeans .A.symbols B.gestures C.indications D.signalsEmployeesmayelecttotaketheirpensioninmonthlypaymentsorasasinglelumpsum.Theunderlinedpartmeans .A.choose B.prefer C.take D.agreeThenewsreportershowedaphotoofrefugeeswaitingfortransport,theirfacesfullofanguish. Theunderlinedpartmeans .A.hope B.expectation C.anger D.painUNofficialsdescribedtheprison’sconditionsas“inhumananddeplorable.”Theunderlinedpartmeans A.surprising B.serious C.critical D.extremelybadEventhegovernment’smostloyalsupportershavemisgivingsaboutchangestotheeducationsystem.Theunderlinedpartmeans .A.havemisjudgmentabout B.havenoideasaboutC.havemisinterpretationabout D.arenotsureaboutImpossiblyhighexpectationofthenewregimehaveleftmanyvotersdisillusioned.Theunderlinedpartmeans .A.disappointed B.depressed C.cold D.behindtheirgreattheyfoundthattheirwageincreaseshadbeenoffsetbythesoaringpricesofaresultofinflation.Theunderlinedpartmeans .A.setloose B.leveledoff C.causedtohappen D.reducedindegreePartIII:Cloze (10%)Directions:Thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Pleaseselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.（答案只填字母）WriteyouranswersontheAnswerBooklet.A)traditionallyB)confinedC)cooperativenessD)organizationE)powerfulF)effectivelyG)combinationH)predictedI)advantagesM)enhanceJ)disclosedN)discoveredK)slightlyO)faithfulL)committedWhenwomendobecomemanagers,dotheybringadifferentstyleanddifferentskillstothejob?Aretheybetter,orworse,managersthanmen?Arewomenmorehighlymotivatedand(1) thanmalemanagers?Someresearchsupportstheideathatwomenbringdifferentattitudesandskillstomanagementjobs,suchasgreater(2) ,anemphasisonaffiliationandattachment,andawillingnesstobringemotionalfactorstobearinmakingworkplacedecisions.Thesedifferencesareseentocarry(3) forcompanies,becausetheyexpandtherangeoftechniquesthatcanbeusedtohelpthecompanymanageitsworkforce(4) .AstudycommissionedbytheInternationalForum(5) managementstyleusedbysomewomenmanagers(andalsobysomemen)thatdiffersfromthecommandandcontrolstyle(6) usedbymalemanagers.Usingthis“interactiveleadership”approach,womenencourageparticipation,sharepowerandinformation,(7) otherself-worth,andgetothersexcitedabouttheirwork.Allthesethingsreflecttheirbeliefthatallowingemployeestocontributeandtofeel(8) andimportantisawin-winsituation——goodforemployeesandthe(9) .Thestudy’sdirector(10) that“interactiverelationshipmayemergeasthemanagementstyleofchoiceformanyorganizations.”PartIV：ReadingComprehension. (20%)Direction:Inthissection,therefourpassagesfollowedby20questionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthecorrectanswerorthecompletestatement.youranswersontheAnswerBooklet.PassageOneMostofusknowtostaylowtothefloorifwe’recaughtinafire,orheadtothebasementifastorm’scoming,orboardupthewindowsinahurricane.But,becauserelativelyfewofuslivealongfaultlines,themassiveearthquakethathitHaitiwasareminderthatwe’refarlessexperiencedinwhattodowhenthegroundbelowusshakes.Ifwe’reinahouseorbuilding,forexampleourfirstimpulsemightbetorunoutside—butcounterintuitive(與直覺相反的asitmightsound,expertswarnagainstthatsincepeoplearetoooftenkilledbyfallingorfallenobjectsastheytrytoescape.Ofcourse,justasthebestwaytosurvivecarcrashesistomakesafercars,thebestwaytoreducetheriskofbeingkilledinanearthquakeistoenactstrongerbuildingcodes.Butgivenhowmanyofustravelinquake-proneregionstoday—including,tragically,thefourstudentsandtwoprofessorsfromUniversityinFloridawhoperishedintheHaitiquake—evenfolkswhodon’tresideinCaliforniashouldknowhowtosurviveanearthquake.Buttherearetwodifferent,andattimescompeting,schoolsofthoughtonthematter—bothofwhichareconsideredvalidbutperhapsnotalwaysinthesamesituations.Themostconventionalandwidelyacceptedbythedisaster-responsecommunity,isthe“drop,coverandholdon”approach,whichurgespeopletotakecoverbeneathsomethinglikeaheavytabletoavoidfallingobjects.Thenewermethod—andlessresearched—isknownas“thetriangleoflife.”Itrecommendslyingdowninafetalpositionnotunderbutnexttofurniture;asroofsandwallscollapseonthetopofthosesofasanddesks,buffer(緩沖spacesarecreatedthatprotectpeoplefrombeingcrushed.Overthepastdecadeaconsensushasbeenbuildingthatdrop,coverandholdon”isamoreappropriatemethodfordevelopedcountriesliketheU.S.,whereimprovedconstructionhasgreatlyreducedthelikelihoodofstructurescollapsinginwards.ThetriangleoflifeisthoughttobemoresuitableindevelopingnationslikeHaiti,whereinferiorbuildingcodesmakefindinga“survivablevoid”insidecollapsedbuildingsmoreimportantthanshieldingyourselffromfallingpieces.havetothinkaboutthehazardleveloftheareayou’rein,”saysGaryPatterson,ageologistanddirectorofeducationandoutreachattheCenterforEarthquakeResearch&InformationattheUniversityofMemphisin“Ifyou’regoingtoplaytheodds,drop-and-covermaybethebestwaytogo,butalotofemergencyrespondersmightsaytriangle-of-lifebecausethey’retheoneswhoseethefatalitiesinbuildingsthatdocollapse.”Bysaying“relativelyfewofuslivealongfaultlines”(Line2-3,Para.1),theauthormeansthatmostofus .makemistakeswhenfacingemergenciescandealwithemergenciesinaproperwayareseldombotheredbymassiveearthquakeshardlyknowwhattodoinanearthquakeWhatdomostpeopletakeas“counterintuitive”whenthereisanearthquake?Thatpeoplerunoutsideimpulsively.Thatexpertswarnagainstrunningoutside.Thatexpertswarnagainsttryingtoescape.Thatpeopleareoftenkilledbyfallingobjects.WhatdidthefourstudentsandtwoprofessorsfromUniversityinFloridagotoHaitifor?studyearthquakes.helprescuework.beonapersonaltrip.beonabusinesstrip.Thenewmethoddiffersfromtheconventionalmethodinthattheformerbelievesthat .Peopledon’tneedtotakecoverPeopledon’tneedheavyfurniturefurniturecollapseswhenroofsandwallsfallfurniturecanupholdthefallenroofsandwallsAsforwhichmethodtochooseinanearthquake,GaryPattersonsuggestsbasingthechoiceon .yourwhereaboutstheintensityoftheearthquakethe“drop,coverandholdon”approachthe“triangleoflife”approachPassageTwoApioneeringheadteacheriscallingforallsecondaryschoolstofollowhisleadandstartclassesat11am,allowingteenagerstwohoursextrainbed.DrPaulKelley,headofMonkseatonCommunityHighSchoolinNorthTyneside,saiditwouldmeantheendof“teenagezombies”dozingoffinlessonsbeforelunch,afterexperimentsshowedteenagerscouldhavedifferentbodyclocksfromadultsandyoungerchildren.RussellFoster,anOxfordprofessorofneuroscience(神經(jīng)學),testedthememoryof200Monkseatonpupilsat9amand2pmusingpairsofwords,anddiscovereda9%improvementintheafternoon.Studentscorrectlyidentified51%ofwordpairsinthelatersession,comparedwith42%inthemorning.MeCullough,15,oneofthetestsubjects,saidthemajorityofstudentswouldwelcometheextrahoursinbed.“I’mextremelyhardtogetupinthemorning.OneortwopeopleliketogettoschoolbutmostofuswouldbeupforgoinginI'msureitwouldmakeabigdifferencetoourlearningability.”Kellybelievesfirmlyachangeofschooltimetablewillhaveasignificantimpactonexamperformance,Hesaid:“teenagersaren’taredeprivingthemofthesleeptheyneedthroughpurelybiologicalfactorsbeyondtheircontrol.Thishasanegativeimpactontheirlearning,andpossiblyontheirmentalandphysicalhealth.justlearntofthis,butitisvitalthatweactonit.”“TheresearchcarriedoutbyProfessorFostershowedthat,fromtheageof10,ourinternalbodyclocksshift,sofoodforyoungpeopletostayinbed.The“timeshift”istwohoursonaverage,soteenagersshouldgetuptwohoursaremakingteenagersirritablebymakingthemgetupHewantshisschool’sgovernorstoapprovehisplanandputthenewtimetableinplacebeforetheopeningofMonkseaton’snew￡20mschoolbuilding,themosttechnologicallyadvancedintheinSeptember.Kellyhasahistoryofgroundbreakingteachingmethods.InhecarriesoutatrialatMonkseatonHighthatfoundpupilsscoredupto90%inaGCSEsciencepaperafteronesessioninvolvingthree20-minuteburstsputinbetweenwith10-minutebreakforphysicalThe48year-ninepupilshadnotcoveredanypartoftheGCSEsciencesyllabusbeforethelessons.In1998,KellyestablishedaschemewiththeOpenUniversitybridgingthedividebetweenschoolanduniversitybyallowingsixthformerstostudyundergraduatemodulesalongsidetheirA-levels.Kellyhopeshislatestideawillbejustassuccessful.havetobesensibleandpractical.Butheprovesthat,bystartinglater,children’slearningimproves,asdoestheirhealth.”zombies”areinactiveinclassbeforelunchmostprobablybecause .theyneedmoresleepthanadultsandlittlekidstheyaredismissedfromclasstoolatetheyaretoohungrytofocusonclasstheybegintheirclassestooearlyBysayingthat“mostofuswouldbeupforgoinginlater”,McCulloughmeansthatmoststudents .havetogetupearlytoprepareforschoolwouldconsidertheheadteacher’sideacarefullyareinfavorofpostponingclassesbytwohoursgotobedlatebutgetupearlyeverydayWhatdoesKellymostprobablysuggestaboutbiologicalclock?Ourbiologicalclocksarecontrollablebeforetenyearsold.shouldlearntocontroltheirbiologicalclocks.Sleepingtimeshouldvarywithbiologicalclocks.biologicalclocksareeasilyoutofcontrol.InKellychosepupilswho totakepartinhistrial.scoredupto90%inaGCSEsciencepaperhadnoideaoftheGCSEsciencesyllabuswerenineyearsofagelikedphysicalactivitiesTheauthorismostlikelytothinkthatcallforstartingclassesata.m.is .A.groundbreaking B.impractical C.successful D.sensiblePassageThreeItwouldbealltooeasytosaythatFacebook'smarketmeltdowniscomingtoanend.Afterall,MarkZuckerberg'ssocialnetworkburnedasmuchas$50billionofshareholders'wealthinjustacouplemonths.putthatincontext,sinceitsdebutonNASDAQinFacebookhaslostvaluenearlyequaltoAOL,Zynga,Pandora,OpenGroupon,LinkedIn,andAngie'sListcombined,plusthatofthebulkofthepubliclytradednewspaperindustry:Asshockingasthisutterfailuremaybetothenearly1billionfaithfulFacebookusersaroundtheworld,it'snosurprisetoanyonewhoreadtheinitialpublicoffering(IPO)prospectus.still,allthecrisesthatemergedwhenthecompanydebuted-overpricedshares,poorcorporategovernance,hugechallengestothecorebusiness,andadamagedbrand-remainFacebooklookslikeaprimeexampleofwhatStreetcallsafallingknife-thatis,onethatcancostinvestorstheirfingersiftheytrytocatchit.Startwiththevaluation.justifyastockpriceclosetothelowerendoftheprojectedrangeintheIPO,say$28ashare,Facebook'sfuturegrowthwouldhaveneededtomatchthatofGooglesevenyearsThatwouldhaverequiredincreasingrevenuebysome80percentannuallyandmaintaininghighprofitmarginsallthewhile.That'snothappening.Inthefirsthalfof2012,Facebookreportedrevenueof$2.24billion,up38percentfromthesameperiodin2011.Atthesametime,thecompany'scostssurgedto$2.6billioninthesix-monthperiod.Thisso-soperformancereflectstheAchilles'heelofFacebook'sbusinessmodel,whichthecompanyclearlystatedinalistofriskfactorsassociatedwithitsIPO:ithasn'tyetfiguredouthowtoadvertiseeffectivelyonmobiledevices,ThenumberofFacebookusersaccessingthesiteontheirphonessurgedby67percentto543millioninthelastquarter,ormorethanhalfitscustomerbase.Numbersareonlypartoftheproblem.ThemountingpileoffailurecreatesanegativefeedbackloopthatthreatensFacebook'sfutureinotherways.Indeed,themoreFacebook'sdisappointmentinthemarketiscatalogued,theworseFacebook'simagebecomes.Notonlydoesthatthreatentoruboffonusers,it'sbadforrecruitmentandretentionoftalentedhackers,whoarethelifebloodofZuckerberg'screation.thebrilliantCEOcanignorethesadnessandcomplaintsofhisshareholdersthankstothesuper-votingstockheholds.Thisarrangementalsowasfullydisclosedatthetimeoftheoffering.It'sapitysofewinvestorsapparentlybotheredtodotheirhomework.WhatcanbeinferredaboutFacebookfromthefirstparagraph?Itsmarketmeltdownhasbeeneasilyhalted.Ithasincreasedtradewiththenewspaperindustry.Ithasencounteredutterfailuresinceitsstockdebut.Itsshareholdershaveinvested$50billioninasocialnetwork.ThecrisesFacebookisfacing .havebeendisclosedintheIPOprospectusaretheuniversalrisksStreetconfrontsdisappointitsfaithfulusershaveexistedforalongtimemakeitsstockpricereasonable,Facebookhasto .narrowtheIPOpricerangecooperatewithGooglekeepenormouslyprofitableinvestadditional$2.6billionItcanbeinferredfromthecontextthatthe"Achilles'heel"(Line1,Para.5)refersto .deadlyweaknessproblemunsolvedindisputablefactpotentialriskWhateffectwillFacebook'sfailureinthemarkethave?Itsusers'benefitswillbethreatened.hackerswilltakedownthewebsite.TheCEOwillholdthesuper-votingstock.Thecompany'sinnovationstrengthwillbedamaged.PassageFouratriskofdepression,anxietyandsuicideoftenweartheirtroubleslikeaneon(霓虹燈)sign.Theirriskybehaviors-drinkingtoomuchalcohol,usingillegaldrugs,smokingcigarettesandskippingschool-canalertparentsandteachersthatseriousproblemsarebrewing.Butanewstudyfindsthatthere’sanothergroupofadolescentswhoareinnearlyasmuchdangerofexperiencingthesamepsychiatricsymptoms：teenswhousetonsofmedia,don’tgetenoughsleepandhaveasedentary(不愛活動的)lifestyle.Ofcourse,thatmaysoundlikeadescriptionofeveryteenagerontheplanet.Butthestudywarnsthatitisteenagerswhoengageinallthreeofthesepracticesintheextremewhoaretrulyinjeopardy.Becausetheirbehaviorsarenotusuallyseenasaredflag,theseyoungpeoplehavebeendubbedthe“invisiblerisk”groupbythestudy’sauthors.“Insomewaysthey’reatgreaterriskoffallingthroughthecracks,”saysresearcherVladimirCarli.“Whilemostparents,teachersandclinicianswouldreacttoanadolescentusingdrugsorgettingdrunk,theymayeasilyoverlookteenagerswhoareengagingininconspicuousbehaviors.”Thestudy’sauthorssurveyed12,395studentsandanalyzednineriskbehaviors,includingexcessivealcoholuse,illegaldruguse,heavysmoking,highmediauseandtruancy(逃學).Theiraimwastodeterminetherelationshipbetweentheseriskbehaviorsandmentalhealthissuesinteenagers.About58%ofthestudentsdemonstratednoneorfewoftheriskbehaviors.Some13%scoredhighonallnineoftheriskbehaviors.And29%,the“invisiblerisk”group,scoredhighonthreeinparticular:Theyspentfivehoursadayormoreonelectronicdevices.Theysleptsixhoursanightorless.Andtheyneglected“otherhealthyactivities.”Thegroupthatscoredhighonallnineoftheriskbehaviorswasmostlikelytoshowsymptomsofdepression;inall,nearly15%ofthisgroupreportedbeingdepressed,comparedwithjust4%ofthelow-riskgroup.Buttheinvisiblegroupwasn’tfarbehindthehigh-riskset,withmorethan13%ofthemexhibitingdepression.ThefindingscaughtCarlioffguard.wereverysurprised,”hesays.“Thehigh-riskgroupandlow-riskgroupareobvious.Butthisthirdgroupwasnotonlyunexpected,itwassodistinctandsolarge—nearlyonethirdofoursample-thatitbecameakeyfindingoftheCarlisaysthatoneofthemostsignificantthingsabouthisstudyisthatitprovidesnewearly-warningsignsforparents,teachersandmentalhealth-careproviders.Andearlyidentification,supportandtreatmentformentalhealthissues,hesays,arethebestwaystokeepthemfromturningintofull-blowndisorders.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingatriskofdepression,anxietyandsuicideoftenweartheirtroubleslikeaneonsign”(Lines1-2,Para.1)?Mentalproblemscannowbefoundinlargenumbersofteenagers.mentalproblemsaregettingmoreandmoreattention.mentalproblemsareoftentooconspicuousnottobeobserved.Depressionandanxietyarethemostcommonsymptomsofmentalproblems.Whatisthefindingofthenewstudy?lifestyleshavechangedgreatlyinrecentyears.Manyteenagersresorttodrugsoralcoholformentalrelief.experiencingpsychologicalproblemstendtousealotofmedia.Manyhithertounobservedyoungstersmayhavepsychologicalproblems.Whydotheresearchersrefertoteenswhousetonsofmedia,don’tgetenoughsleepandhaveasedentarylifestyleasthe“invisiblerisk”group?TheirbehaviorscanbeaninvisiblethreattoTheirbehaviorsdonotconstituteawarningsignal.Theirbehaviorsdonottendtowardsmentalproblems.Theirbehaviorscanbefoundinalmostallteenagersonearth.Whatdoesthenewstudyfindabouttheinvisiblegroup?Theyarealmostasliabletodepressionasthehigh-riskgroup.Theysufferfromdepressionwithoutshowinganysymptoms.Theydonotoftendemonstrateriskybehaviorsastheirpeers.D)Theydonotattractthemediaattentionthehigh-riskgroupdoes.WhatisthesignificanceofVladimirstudy?Itoffersanewtreatmentforpsychologicalproblemsamongteenagers.Itprovidesnewearly-warningsignalsforidentifyingteensintrouble.Itmayhavefoundanidealwaytohandleteenagerswithbehavioralproblems.Itshedsnewlightonhowunhealthybehaviorstriggermentalhealthproblems.PartParaphrase 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