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專業(yè)英語四級(閱讀)模擬試卷27(共

9套)

(共195題)

專業(yè)英語四級(閱讀)模擬試卷第1套

一、常規(guī)閱讀理解(含4小題)(本題共5題,每題

1.0分,共5分。)

Studentloansarebasedonasimpleidea:thatagraduate'sfutureflowofearningswill

morethancoverthecostsofdoingadegree.Butwithunemployinentratesinpartsofthe

richworldatpost-warhighs,thatmaynolongerholdtrueformanypeople.The

consequenceswillbefeltbyeverybody.Allovertheworldstudentindebtednessis

causingproblems——witnessthismonth'sviolentprotestsinChile.InBritain,accordingto

arecentparliamentaryreport,risinguniversityfeesmeanthatstudentdebtislikelyto

trebleto£70billionby2015.But,partlybecausehighereducationthereissoexpensive,

thescaleoftheproblemisfargreaterinAmerica.Whenthenextofficialestimatesof

outstandingstudentdebttherearepublished,itisexpectedtobecloseto$1trillion,

higherthancredit-cardborrowing.Creditqualityinotherclassesofconsumerdebthas

beenimproving;delinquencyratesonstudentloansarerising.Manyoftheanti-Wall

Streetprotesterspushtheideaofblanketdebtforgivenessasasolution.Butthatisthe

wronganswer.Highereducationisnotaguaranteeofemployment,butitimprovesthe

oddsimmensely.Unemploymentratesamonguniversitygraduatesstoodat4.4%on

averageacrossOECDcountriesin2009.Peoplewhodidnotcompletesecondaryschool

facedunemploymentratesof11.5%.Muchofthedebtthatstudentsaretakingonis

providedorguaranteedbythegovernment.Imposingwrite-offsonalltaxpayersto

benefitthosewiththebestjobprospectsisunfair:andrippingupcontractsbetween

borrowersandprivatelendersisusuallyabadidea.Thatsaid,student-loansystemsin

Americaandelsewhereareoftenbadlydesignedforanextendedperiodofhigh

unemployment.Incontrasttothehousingcrash,theriskfromstudentdebtisnotofa

suddenexplosioninlossesbutofgradualfinancialsuffocation.Thepressureneedstobe

eased.Oneoptionistochangethebankruptcylaws.InAmerica,Britainandelsewhere,

thesetreatstudentdebtasaspecialcase:unlikeotherformsofdebt,itcannotbewiped

out.Ifstudentdebtisnottoboundexistinggraduatesandputofffutureones,therules

couldbechangedsothatitisdischargeableinbankruptcy.Yetthereasoningbehindthe

currentbankruptcyprovisionsislogicalenough:educationisanassetthatcannotbe

repossessedandthatkeepsonbenefitingtheindividualthroughhisorherlifetime.Some

worrythatgraduateswouldrushtodeclarebankruptcy,handinglossestotaxpayers.Soa

secondoptionispreferable.Manycountries,Americaincluded,havedesignedstudent

debtprimarilyasamortgage-likeobligation;itisrepaidtoafixedschedule.Otherplaces,

likeBritainandAustralia,makestudent-loanrepaymentscontingent(依情況而定的)on

reachinganincomethresholdsothattheprospectoftakingondebtismoreacceptableto

peoplefrompoorerbackgrounds.Thatapproachmakessense,especiallywhenjobsarc

scarce.BarackObamathisweekproposedtolimitloanpaymentsforsomestruggling

Americangraduatesto10%ofdiscretionary(任意的)incomeandforgiveoutstanding

debtafter20years.Income-basedrepaymentoughttobecomethenorm.Bothchanges

wouldleadtoarepricingofstudentdebt.Thatwouldbeabadthingfortaxpayers,buta

goodthingoverall.Ifsuchinformationweremadepublic,otherusefuldatawould

follow——ontheaveragefinancialreturnstograduatesofspecificsubjects,forexample.

Thosestudyinglessprofitablesubjectswouldhavetopaymore,orbesubsidisedmore.It

wouldbeacontroversialapproach,butamoreeducatedone.

1、Wecanlearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat.

A>highunemploymentratesmakeithardforstudentstogetloans

B、risinguniversityfeesisavalidwaytobalancethestudentloans

C、studentindebtednesshasbecomeanincreasinglytrickyissue

D.creditqualityincludingstudentdebtshasbeenimproved

標準答案:C

知識點解析?:推理題。艱據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知,自二戰(zhàn)以來,失業(yè)率屢創(chuàng)新高,助

學貸款引發(fā)的學生債務問題日益嚴峻,每個人都會感受到它帶來的嚴重后果;第二

段具體陳述了各個國家學生的助學貸款問題,由此可知,學生債務已成為一個

日益棘手的問題”為正確答案。第一段第二句提到失業(yè)率自二戰(zhàn)以來創(chuàng)下新高,但

并沒有說學生因此難以申請到貸款,故排除[A];第二段提到,在英國,高漲的學

費意味著學生債務有可能到2015年增至700億英鎊,由此可知,漲學費不能解決

學生的債務問題,故排除[B];根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知,其他類別的消費者債務

的信用質(zhì)量一直在提高,而學牛貸款的拖欠率卻在不斷攀升,[D]陳述錯誤,故排

除。

2、Whatdoesthephrase"blanketdebtforgiveness"inParagraph3probablymean?

A、Debteliminationtohigh-schooldrop-outs.

B、Debtforgivenesstoindebtedcollegegraduates.

C>Debttolerancetothosewhohavenojobs.

D、Debtcancellingtoexcellentdegreeowners.

標準答案:B

知識點解析:語義題。作者在第三段第一句提到,很多反對華爾街的抗議者們擁護

blanketdeblforgiveness的解決辦法,接下來作者證明了該措施的不妥之處,認為高

等教育確實提高了畢業(yè)生的就業(yè)幾率;作者在該段第六、七句接著提到,學生的大

部分貸款是由政府提供或擔保的。把免除債務強加給所有的納稅人,從而讓這些擁

有最好就業(yè)前景的人受益,這是不公平的;并且撕毀借款人和私人放貸者之間的合

約通常也是個糟糕的主意,故nJ推斷出blanketdebtforgiveness指的是“一種全部免

除學生債務的方式”,故[B]為正確答案。

3、Inordertorelievethefinancialpressurebroughtbystudentloans,whichoptionthe

authorrecommendedisbetter?

A、Studentprotestingtheunfairrepaymentpractices.

B、Changingthecurrentbankruptcylaws.

C、Studentsrepayingtheloansonanincome-basis.

D、Thegovernmentprolongingtherepaymenttime.

標準答案:C

知識點解析:細節(jié)題。第四段提到學生貸款問題亟待解決,并在第五、六段給出詳

細的解決方案。作者在第五段提到的第一個解決方案為:修改破產(chǎn)法,接下來分析

了這個方案存在的一些問題:貸款者可能爭相宣告破產(chǎn),而將損失轉嫁給納稅人;

作者在第六段提到了第二個解決方案:將學生貸款設計成按揭貸款——按固定的時

間表還款,并以收入作為償還額的主要參照,并分析出方案二是更合理和可行的,

可知[C]為正確答案,同時排除[B]。[A]和[D]在文中并未提及,故均排除。

4、Inthelastparagraph,theauthorconcludesthat.

A、repricingstndenrdebtswouldheconsfrnctiveandsensible

B、taxpayerswouldalsowelcomeareductioninstudentdebts

C、studentsstudyinglessprofitablesubjectswouldbenefitmost

D、thewholesocietyhassettledthedisputeoverstudentdebts

標準答案:A

知識點解析:推理題。文章最后一段前兩句提到以上兩種方案都會導致學生債務的

重新定價。對于納稅人而言這不是個好消息,但總的來說是一件好事,再根據(jù)最后

一句提到的給學生債務重新定價將是有爭議的一步,但卻是更理性的,由此可知,

[A]”重新定價學生債務是建設性的、合情理的”準確概括了作者的意思,故為正確

答案。根據(jù)本段第二句可知,納稅人可能并不歡迎這樣的政策變動,故排除[B1;

本段第四句提到,那些冷門專業(yè)的畢業(yè)生可能會支付更多的費用,或接受更多的政

府資助,由此可知,[C]的陳述過于絕對化,故排除;本段最后一句提到,怎樣解

決H益嚴重的學生債務依然是有爭議的,由此可知,[D]”全社會已就學生債務的爭

論達成一致''陳述錯誤,故排除。

5、Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A^StudentLoan-aFinancialEvil

B、TheFutureofStudentLoans

C、StudentIndebtednessandItsCauses

D^SolutionstoProblemsofStudentIndebtedness

標準答案:D

知識點解析:主旨題。本文第一、二段陳述了目前由助學貸款引發(fā)的日益嚴重的學

生債務問題及其具體的表現(xiàn):第三段闡述了解決該問題的一個措施,接下來分析了

該措施的不可行性;第四段提到了解決助學貸款問題的必要性,并在第五、六段提

出了兩個解決方案,并逐一進行分析,得出方案二更加合理和可行;最后一段中作

者總結和預測了實施這兩種方案的前景、得到的收益和可能存在的阻力等。綜上所

述,[D「應對日益嚴重的學生債務問題的解決方案”最能概括本文主旨,故為正確

答案。[A]“助學貸款—一個經(jīng)濟惡魔,[B]“助學貸款的未來之路”和[C]“學生債

務及其原因”都是文章提及的內(nèi)容,但都不能概括主旨,故均可排除。

二、常規(guī)閱讀理解(含5小題)(本題共9題,每題

L0分,共9分。)

Afast-foodrestaurantwithinabout500feetofaschoolmayleadtoatleasta5percent

increaseintheoverweightrateatthatschool,accordingtoastudyreleasedonFriday.

Thestudy,conductedbyeconomistsatColumbiaUniversityandtheUniversity

California,Berkeley,suggeststhat"abanonfastfoodsintheimmediateproximityof

schoolscouldhaveasizableeffectonobesityratesamongaffectedstudents."The

researcherslookedathowproximitytotherestaurantsaffectedobesityratesamong3

millionninthgradersatCaliforniaschools,andmorethanImillionpregnantwomenin

Michigan,NewJerseyandTexas.Theyfocusedontheninthgraders,typicallyabout14

yearsold,inpartbecausethestudentsgetafitnesstestinthespring—about30weeks

afterstartingschoolandexposuretofastfood.Thestudy,releasedbytheAmerican

AssociationofWineEconomists,showedthat"thepresenceofafast-foodrestaurant

withinatenthofamileofaschoolisassociatedwithatleasta5.2percentincreaseinthe

obesityrateinthatschool."Italsofoundthatpregnantwomenwholivedwithinatenthof

amileofafast-foodrestauranthad"a4.4percentincreaseintheprobabilityofgaining

over20kilos(44pounds)."ThestudyfollowsonepresentedlastmonthatanAmerican

StrokeAssociationconference.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofMichiganfound

peoplewholiveinneighborhoodspackedwithfast-foodrestaurantsaremorelikely(o

sufferstrokes.InDecember,astudyfoundthatyouthwhostudywithinahalfmilefroma

fast-foodoutleteatfewerfruitandvegetables,drinkmoresodaandaremorelikelytobe

obesethanstudentsatotherschools.JanetCurrie,leadresearcherofthewineeconomists'

study,saidthatitmightbeagoodpolicytohaveafast-food-frcczoneiffastfoodnear

schoolscausesobesity."Itwouldnotbesodifferentinspiritfromexistingpoliciesthat

aimtoprohibitsoftdrinksandjunkfoodsinschoolsortoimprovethequalityofschool

lunch,"shesaid.AspokeswomanforYum!Brands,iheparentcompanyofKFC,Pizza

Hut,TacoBellandLongJohnSilver's,declinedtocomment,sayingshehadnotseenthe

study.BurgerKingdidnotreturncallsseekingcomment.AMcDonald'sspokeswoman

referredcallstotheNationalRetailFederation,atradegroupinWashington."Ithinkit

wouldbeadangerousprecedenttolimitthetypesoflegitimate,importantbusinessesand

wherethey'relocatedinacity,"federationspokeswomanEllenDavissaid."Doesn'tit

makemoresensefbrparentstolimitachild'sallowanceorletthemknowwhenand

wheretheycan'teatcertainthings?1'Davisaddedthatrestaurantshavechangedtheir

menusinthelastfiveyears,especiallyfbrchildren'smeals.nWeseemanyhealthy

optionsavailable-slicesofapple,milkinsteadofsodas...It'simportanttonotethat

manychainrestaurantshavetriedtodiversifytheirmenusandmakethemhealthier."

6、WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaboutthestudymentionedinParagraph2?

A、Itagreedthatfastfoodsshouldbefarawayfromschool.

B、Itdidn'tmentionthepeopleinColumbia.

C^Itprovedthatfastfoodsmayleadtostrokes.

D、ItshowedthatchildreiVssituationwasworsethanpregnantwomen's.

標準答案:C

知識點解析:細節(jié)題。第四段講到在此研究之前,即上個月的時候,在美國中風協(xié)

會會議上,來自密歇根大學的研究人員陳述了一個研究,其發(fā)現(xiàn)快餐店附近的居民

更容易患上中風,所以并非這個研究得出了快餐導致中風的結論,可知答案為

[C]o通過第一段可知,此研究的結論是:學校距離快餐店過近會導致學校的超重

率增加至少5%。據(jù)此可推知,此研究應贊同快餐食品遠離學校,故排除[A];雖

然從第二段可以看出,此研究是由哥倫比亞大學和加利福尼亞大學伯克利分校的經(jīng)

濟學家們進行的,但第三段中點明,研究的對象是來自于加州學校的孩子以及密歇

根州、新澤西州和得克薩斯州的孕婦,故排除[B];第三段最后兩句講到,由于受

快餐店的影響,學校的肥胖率增加至少5.2%,孕婦的體重增加20公斤以上的可

能性增加了4.4%,這說明學校里孩子的情況比孕婦更糟糕,故排除[D]。

7、"IfinParagraph6refersto.

A、obesity

B、theabovestudy

C、fastfood

D、agoodpolicy

標準答案:D

知識點解析:語義題。本文第六段中JanelCurrie提到,現(xiàn)有的政策旨在禁止校內(nèi)

軟飲料以及垃圾食品或提高校供午餐的質(zhì)量,所以從精神方面來講,“它”與現(xiàn)行的

政策沒有太大不同,說明“它”肯定和政策有關。此外,本段首句講到,如果學校附

近的快餐店會導致肥胖的話,設立無快餐區(qū)可能會是一項好政策。綜上所述,[D]

為正確答案,同時排除其他三項。

8、Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastthreeparagraphs?

A、McDonald'ssharedthesameopinionwithEllenDavis.

B、Yum!BrandshelddifferentopinionfromBurgerKing.

C、JanetCurriepreferredanewpolicytopresentpolicies.

D、EllenDavisthoughtlimitingchildren'smoneymadenosense.

標準答案:A--

知識點解析:推理題。倒數(shù)第二段講到麥當勞的女發(fā)言人委托美國零售聯(lián)合會做出

回應,而從最后一段中可以看出,美國零售聯(lián)合會的女發(fā)言人正是EllenDavis,并

且她的發(fā)言傾向于快餐行業(yè),所以可以推斷出麥當勞和EllenDavis持有相同的觀

點,故|A]正確。倒數(shù)第二段中Yum!Brands和BurgerKing都沒有對新政策做出回

應,并不能說明他們的意見相左,[B]錯誤,故排除;第六段中JanetCurrie認為新

政策與現(xiàn)行政策并沒有什么不同,可以看出她對其并沒有偏好,[C]錯誤,故排

除;最后一段第二句話中EllenDavis用一個反問句表達了對家長的不滿,她認為

家長應該限制孩子的零用錢,[D]也錯誤,故排除。

9、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmayNOTbethereasonfor

children'soverweight?

A^Eatingfewerfruitandvegetables.

BNBeingunawareofself-control.

C、Schoollunchoflowquality.

D、Restaurants?changingmenusfbrchildren.

標準答案:D

知識點解析:細節(jié)題。最后一段提到五年前快餐店就改變了兒童餐的菜單,增加了

很多健康的選擇,說明這一舉動對孩子的身材是有積極作用的,故[D]并非孩子增

重的原因,故為答案。第五段中的一項研究表明,快餐會導致孩子吃過少的水果、

蔬菜以及飲用過多的蘇打水從而導致肥胖,所以[A]錯誤,故排除:最后一段第二

句話中Davis也強調(diào)由于家長對孩子疏于管理,導致了孩子的肥胖,其根本原因還

是孩子自控力的缺乏所導致的,|B]錯誤,故排除;從第六段最后一句可以看出,

提高校供午餐質(zhì)量和禁止軟飲料以及垃圾食品有相同的作用,所以低質(zhì)量的校供午

餐也是孩子肥胖的原因,[C]也不符合題意,故排除。

Asmallgroupofsalt-and-pcppcrhairedwomenwholiveoutsideJackson,Mississippi,

meeteveryotherTuesdayatthelocalantiquestorefortheirM.E.N.S.A.gathering.The

MostExclusiveNationalShoppingAssociationhasmetconsistentlyforthepastthree

years,butsomeofitsmembershavebeencloseformorethan50.MargaretCollins

Jenkins,58,ispresident.Aftershopping,whenthemeetingends,the10-15member

groupgoestodinner.ThoughJenkinssaysthegrouplaughsandcarrieson,thisismore

thanjustaclub.Thesewomenworktopreservethefriendshipsthey'vecultivatedovera

lifetime."Havingfriendsthatextendoverdecades,theymoreorlessknowyourhistory.

Theyknowyourinsandoutsandupsanddownsofyourlife,"Jenkinssaid."Thatjust

makesusbeabletobuildeachotherup.Thosefriendsthatknowyourhistory,theycan't

bereplaced."Thegroup'ssharedexperiencesarewhatsustainthemthroughlifechanges

likechildrearing,divorceanddeath.Andthey'rekeyelementstobuildingasenseof

communityandahealthylifestyle,expertssay.Dr.JamesHouse,fromtheUniversityof

Michigan,hasresearchedthehealthbenefitsofmeaningfulrelationships.Hesaysalack

ofsocialinteractionsispredictiveofpoorhealthandearlierdeathformostpeople.House

contendsthatkeepingincontactwithothersislikelytoregulateaperson'sownbehaviors

sothatitbecomeshardertoslipintopoorhealthhabits.TheM.E.N.S.A.ladiesstrive

tostayactiveandconnected.Onesnapshotcanconveydecadesoffriendship:That

weekendtriptoNewOrleans.Thosepaintingsessions,looselyreferredtoasartlessons.

Christmasspentdressedasfairies.ThisparticularsetofSouthernladiesdidn'tmeeton

Facebook.Theirconnectionstoeachotherhappenedovertime.Someofthewomenwork

togetherasteachers;othersgotothesamechurch.Afewareneighbors.SherryDowns,

57,saysshereliesonherclosestfriendstocarryherthroughlife'stwistsandturns,big

andsmall."Wvbelieveineachulhurabuuleverythingandwevaluevauhullicrs'

opinions,"Downssays.,rIjustaboutwon'ttakeastepwithoutaskingoneofthem,

'WhichwaydoIgo?"'Jenkins,aschoolteacherwhomovedintothecommunitynearly

40yearsago,saysshe'sbeenabletorelyonherlongtimeconfidantsduringthedarkest

periodsofherlife."Iwentthroughadivorce.Theywerethere,sosturdyandso

dependableineveryway,"shesays."Didtheystopincludingmeinthegroup?No.They

includedmeandmadeaspecialefforttomakemenotfeellikethethirdwheel.Inever

wasleftout.Theysupportedmenotonlyinwordsbutintheiractions."Asweage,we

begintofeelliberatedfrompastpatternsandhabits,saysRebeccaG.Adams,asociology

andgerontology(老年學)professorandexpertonfriendshipattheUniversityofNorth

CarolinaatGreensboro.Markersofaging,suchasretirementorwidowhood,triggera

periodoftransition,changeandredirection.Afterraisingchildrenanddevotingtimeto

buildingcareers,Adamssays,thereisareinvestmentinwhatonefeelsisimportant,such

asdearfriendships."Likeanythingyoudoinlife,itrequireswork,"Jenkinssays."Alot

ofpeopleIthinkwonderwhytheydon'thavethosekindsoffriends,andit'sbecauseit

takeswork.u

10、WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaboutthemembersofM.E.N.S.A.?

A^Allofthemarefemale.

Theyholdthegatheringathome.

CNTheymeeteveryotherweek.

D、Theyhavedinnertogetheraftershopping.

標準答案:B

知識點解析:細節(jié)題。文章第一段第一句表明,這一小群頭發(fā)花白的婦人,每隔一

周的星期二就在當?shù)氐囊患夜哦昱雒?,舉行她們的全國最高檔購物協(xié)會的聚會,

所以[B]“她們在家里舉行聚會”與文意不符,因此為正確答案。[A]“她們都是女性”

和[C/她們每隔一周碰一次面”在本句中都有所提及,故均排除;[D]“她們在購物

之后一起共進晚餐”在第一段最后有所提及,所以持除。

11、Thesewomensharetheirexperiencessoasto.

killtheirfreetime

B、knoweachotherbetter

C^endurethehardshipoftheirlife

D、supportthemthroughchanges

標準答案:D

知識點解析:細節(jié)題。文章第四段第一句提到,這個團體通過分享經(jīng)歷支撐她們度

過人生的變化,所以選[D]。[A]“消磨空閑時間”和[B]“更了解對方”在文中并未提

及,故均排除;第三段提到她們了解彼此一生的曲折與沉浮,但并未提及要忍受人

生的苦難,所以排除[C]。

12、What'simpliedbutNOTstatedbyDr.JamesHouseisthatsocial

interactions.

A、areimportantforfosteringasenseofcommunity

B、arebeneficialformakinggoodfriends

C、makepeoplebecomehealthier

D、cancontrolone'sownbehaviors

標準答案:C

知識點解析:推理題。由題干關鍵詞Dr.JamesHouse定位到第五段,該段第二、

三句表明,詹姆斯?豪斯博士認為缺乏社會互動性對于大多數(shù)人而言預示著不健康

和早亡,而與他人保持聯(lián)系可能會規(guī)范個人自身的行為,從而不容易養(yǎng)成不良的衛(wèi)

生習慣,由此可知,社交互動能夠防止養(yǎng)成不良的衛(wèi)生習慣,也就是會讓人們更健

康,所以選[0。[A]”對于形成團體意識很重要”在第四段最后一句提及,但這是專

家們所說的話,故排除;[B]“有利于交到好朋友''在文中并未提及,故排除;

[D]“nJ以控制個人的行為,,在第五段第三句提及,但這是文章直接表述的意思,不

用推斷,所以排除。

13>TheseSouthernladiesstayintouchwitheachotherinthefollowingways

EXCEPT.

A、meetingonline

B、workingtogether

C、goingtothesamechurch

D、livingnearby

標準答案:A

知識點解析:細節(jié)題。文章第七段第一句表明,這些特別的南方淑女并沒有在臉譜

網(wǎng)上碰面,所以[A]為正確答案。最后兩句提到其中一些一起當教師,另外一些去

同一所教堂,還有少數(shù)幾個人是鄰居,[B]“一起工作"、[C]“去同一所教堂”和

[D]“住在附近”在本句中均有所提及,故排除。

14、Thepurposeofthispassageisto.

A、introducethehistoryofM.E.N.S.A.

B、tellthestoryofJenkins*life

C^pointouthowtomakegoodfriends

D、showthebenefitsoflifelongfriendship

標準答案:D

知識點解析:主旨題。文章開篇介紹了M.E.N.S.A.,提到該協(xié)會成員聚在

一起是為了維持她們已締結了一生的友誼,她們中的一部分已認識了幾十年,彼此

了解?;ハ嘀g分享經(jīng)歷支撐她們度過了人生中的一些變動。然后文章又以詹金斯

和雪莉?唐絲為例表明她們這些年緊密聯(lián)系,互相支持渡過難關。文章最后提到友

誼是需要付出精力呵護的。由此可見,本文主要講的是一生的友誼能支持人們度過

人生的難關,所以選[D]“表明一生的友誼所帶來的好處”。[A]“介紹

M.E.N.S.A.的歷史”和[B]“講述焦金斯的故事”在文中雖有所提及,但只是

文章所提到的部分內(nèi)容,并非主題,故均排除;指出如何交到好朋友”在文中

并未提及,故排除。

三、常規(guī)閱讀理解(含6小題)(本題共6題,每題

7.0分,共6分。)

ThemysteryoftheexpansionofseaicearoundAntarctica,atthesametimeasglobal

warmingismeltingswathsofArcticseaicc,hasbeensolvedusingdatafromU.S.

militarysatellites.Twodecadesofmeasurementsshowthatchangingwindpatterns

aroundAntarcticahavecausedasmallincreaseinseaice,theresultofcoldwindsoffthe

continentblowingiceawayfromthecoastline."Untilnowthesechangesinicedriftwere

onlyspeculateduponusingcomputermodels,"saidPaulHollandattheBritishAntarctic

Survey."Ourstudyofdirectsatelliteobservationsshov/sthecomplexityofclimate

change.n"TheArcticislosingseaicefivetimesfasterthantheAntarcticisgainingit,so,

onaverage,theEarthislosingseaiceveryquickly.Thereisnoinconsistencybetween

ourresultsandglobalwarming."Theextentofseaiceisofglobalimportancebecause

thebrighticereflectssunlightfarmorethantheocean,meaningtemperaturerisesstill

further.ThissummersawarecordlowinArcticseaicesincesatellitemeasurements

began30yearsago.Hollandsaidthechangingpatternofseaiceatbothpoleswouldalso

affectglobaloceancirculation,withunknowneffects.HenotedthatwhileAntarcticsea

icewasgrowing,theAntarcticicecap-theglacierandsnowpackonthecontinent—was

losingmass,withthefreshwaterflowingintotheocean.TheresearchonAntarcticsea

ice,publishedinNatureGeoscience,revealedlargeregionalvariations.Inplaceswhere

warmwindsblowingfromthetropicstowardsAntarcticahadbecomestronger,seaice

wasbeinglostrapidly."Insomeareas,suchastheBellingshausenSea,theseaiceis

beinglostasfastasintheArctic,"saidHolland.Butinotherareas,seaicewasbeing

addedasseawaterleftbehindiccbeingblownawayfromthecoastfroze.Theneteffect

isthattherehasbeenanextra17,000sqkmofseaiceeachyearsince1978—abouta

tenthofapercentofthemaximumseaicecover.Antarcticaisacontinentsurroundedby

anocean,whereastheArcticisanoceansurroundedbyacontinent.Forthatreason,said

Holland,seaicewasnotabletoexpandbythesamemechanismintheArcticasatthe

southernpole,becauseifwindspushedtheiceawayfromthepoleitquicklyhitland.

HollanddidtheresearchwithRonKwokatNasa'sjetpropulsionlaboratoryinCalifornia,

wheremapsofseaicemovementswerecreatedfrommorethan5mindividualdaily

measurementscollectedover19years.Themapsshowed,forthefirsttime,thelong-term

changesinseaicedriftaroundAntarctica.Kwoksaid:'TheAntarcticseaicecover

interactswiththeglobalclimatesystemverydifferentlythanthatoftheArctic,andthese

resultshighlightthesensitivityoftheAntarcticicecoveragetochangesinthestreng:hof

thewindsaroundthecontinent."

15、Thecontradictionofchangesinseaicecoverageatbothpoleshasbeenmadeclear

A、datacollectedfromsatellites

B、twenty-year'smeasurements

C、computermodels

D、theBritishAntarcticSurvey

標準答案:A

知識點解析:細節(jié)題。文章第一段表明,全球變暖造成北極冰川帶不斷消融,而同

時南極周圍的海冰面積卻在擴大,借助美國軍事衛(wèi)星傳回的數(shù)據(jù),這一謎團己被破

解,所以兩極海冰覆蓋面積變化的矛盾之處已根據(jù)衛(wèi)星收集的數(shù)據(jù)解釋清楚了,故

|A|為正確答案。[B]“二十年的測量數(shù)據(jù)"、[C]“計算機模型”以及[D]“英國南極調(diào)杳

局''分別在第二段第一句和第三段第一句提及,但并未談到它們解決了這一謎團,

故均排除。

16、ThearticleinNatureGeoscienceshows.

A、thecomplexityofclimatechange

B>thebigregionaldifference

C>theglobaloceancirculation

D^themechanismofseaiceexpanding

標準答案:B

知識點解析:細節(jié)題。由題干關鍵詞NatureGeoscience定位到第七段第一句。該

句提到《自然?地球科學》上一項關于南極海冰的研究揭示出了巨大的地區(qū)差異,

所以選[B]。第三段表明,是英國南極調(diào)查局的保羅?霍蘭德對直播衛(wèi)星觀測數(shù)據(jù)的

研究說明了“氣候變化的復雜性”,因此排除[A];[C]“全球海洋環(huán)流”和[D「海冰面

積擴大的機制''分別在笫六段第二句和第九段第二句中霍蘭德所說的話中有所提

及,而不是出現(xiàn)在《自然?地球科學》上,故均可排除。

17、AccordingtowhatHollandsaid,wecandrawtheconclusionthat.

A、wccanrelyonsatellitetoestimatechangesiniccdrift

B、hisresearchresultsconflictwithglobalwarming

C、thelocationofBellingshausenSeaisaroundtheAntarctic

D、theAntarcticicecoverageissensitivetochangesinwindstrength

標準答案:c

知識點.析:推理題。文章第七段最后一句提到,霍蘭德說在某些地方海冰減少的

速度和北極一樣快,并以別林斯高晉海為例,再根據(jù),一句可知,這些地方是位于

南極,在這里從熱帶地區(qū)吹來的暖風變得更強了,所以海冰正在迅速減少,由此推

出[C]“別林斯高晉海的位置在南極周圍”為正確答案。第三段第一句霍蘭德提到這

些浮冰的變化只能依靠計算機模型來推測,所以[A]“我們可以依靠衛(wèi)星來推測浮冰

的變化,,與文意不符,故排除;第四段最后霍蘭德提到,我們的研究結果和全球變

暖并無相矛盾之處,因此[B]“他的研究結果與全球變暖相矛盾”與文意相反,故排

除;文章的最后一段提到,這些結果突出強調(diào)了南極冰蓋對南極周圍風力變化的靈

敏度,但這是羅恩?郭所說的話,故排除[D]。

IX、Themaximumseaicecoverisabout.

A、17,000sqkm

B、170,000sqkm

C、1,700,000sqkm

D、17,000,000sqkm

標準答案:D

知識點解析:推理題。文章第八段最后一句提到,從1978年開始,每年都額外增

加1.7萬平方公里的海冰一這大約是海冰覆蓋最大面積的千分之一,由此推出

海冰覆蓋最大面積是1700萬平方公里,所以[D]為正確答案。

19、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthemapsofseaicemovements?

A、TheyaretheresearchresultsofHollandandKwok.

B、TheyweremadeinalablocatedinCalifornia.

C、Thedataforthosemapshavebeencollectedover19years.

D、Theyshowthetemporarychangesinseaicedrift.

標準答案:D

知識點解析:細節(jié)題。由第十段最后一句可知,這些軌跡圖第一次展示出南極周圍

海冰漂移的長期變化,[D]與文中的意思相反,故為正確答案。[A]“它們是霍蘭德

和郭的研究成果”、[B]”它們是在位于加利福尼亞州的一所實驗室里繪制出來的”和

[C]“軌跡圖所用的數(shù)據(jù)已收集了超過19年”都可以在本段中找到依據(jù),故均可徘

除。

20、Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A、TheseaicechangesinAntarcticaredifferentfromthoseinArctic.

B>Globalwanninginfluencestheicccoverageatbothpoles.

C、MapsofseaicemovementsaroundAntarcticaandArcticweremade.

D、ThemeltingofArcticseaiceisfasterthantheexpandingofAntarcticseaice.

標準答案:A:

知識點解析:主旨題。文章開篇提到,通過美國軍事衛(wèi)星傳回的數(shù)據(jù)已破解了南極

海冰隨著北極融化而擴大這一謎團,測量數(shù)據(jù)表明南極周圍多變的風向導致了海冰

的微幅增長。接著對比了北極海冰減少的速度和南極海冰增加的速度。然后以《自

然?地球科學》里一篇關于南極海冰的文章為例,解釋了巨大的地區(qū)差異,在南極

某些地方海冰減少的速度和在北極一樣快,但在南極的其他地方,海冰的面積增

加。文章最后提到南極的海冰冰蓋與全球氣候系統(tǒng)的交互作用和北極的區(qū)別很大。

由此可知,本文主要討論的是[A]”南極海冰的變化與北極不同"。[B]“全球變暖影

響兩極海冰的覆蓋面積”在文中并未提及,故排除;[C]“南極和北極周圍的海冰軌

跡圖已繪制完畢”和[D]“北極海冰消融的速度比南極海冰增長的速度快”在文中均有

所提及,但這只是文章討論的某個方面,而非文章的主題,故均可排除。

專業(yè)英語四級(閱讀)模擬試卷第2套

一、選擇題(本題共20題,每題1.0分,共20分。)

(I)OneofthemostintriguingstoriesoftheRussianRevolutionconcernstheidentityof

Anastasia,theyoungestdaughterofCzarNicholasII.DuringhisreignoverRussia,the

Czarhadplannedtorevokemanyoftheharshlawsestablishedbypreviousczars.Some

workersandpeasants,however,clamoredfbrmorerapidsocialreform.In1918agroup

ofthesepeople,knownasBolsheviks,overthrewthegovernment.OnJuly17or18,they

murderedtheCzarandwhatwasthoughttobehisentirefamily.(2)Althoughwitnesses

vouchedthatallthemembersoftheCzar'sfamilyhadbeenexecuted,therewererumors

suggestingthatAnastasiahadsurvived.Overtheyears,anumberofwomenclaimedto

beGrandDuchessAnastasia.Perhapsthebest-knownclaimantwasAnastasia

Tschaikovsky,whowasalsoknownasAnnaAnderson.(3)In1920,eighteenmonths

aftertheCzar'sexecution,thisterrifiedyoungwomanwasrescuedfromdrowningina

Berlinriver.Shespenttwoyearsinahospital,wheresheattemptedtoreclaimherhealth

andshatteredmind.ThedoctorsandnursesthoughtthatsheresembledAnastasiaand

questionedheraboutherbackground.ShedisclaimedanyconnectionwiththeCzar's

family.(4)Eightyearslater,though,sheclaimedthatshewasAnastasia.Shesaidthat

shehadbeenrescuedbytwoRussiansoldiersaftertheCzarandtherestofherfamilyhad

beenkilled.TwobrothersnamedTschaikovskyhadcarriedherintoRomania.Shehad

marriedoneofthebrothers,whohadtakenhertoBerlinandleftherthere,pennilessand

withoutavocation.Unabletoinvoketheaidofhermother'sfamilyinGermany,shehad

triedtodrownherself.(5)Duringthenextfewyears,scoresoftheCzar'srelatives,ex-

servants,andacquaintancesinterviewedher.Manyofthesepeoplesaidthatherlooksand

mannerismswereevocativeoftheAnastasiathattheyhadknown.Hergrandmotherand

otherrelativesdeniedthatshewastherealAnastasia,however.(6)Tiredofbeing

accusedoffraud,AnastasiaimmigratedtotheUnitedStatesin1928andtookthename

AnnaAnderson.ShestillwishedtoprovethatshewasAnastasia,though,andreturnedto

Germanyin1933tobringsuitagainsthermother'sfamily.Thereshedeclaimedtothe

court,assertingthatshewasindeedAnastasiaanddeservedherinheritance.(7)In1957,

thecourtdecidedthatitcouldneitherconfirmnordenyAnastasia'sidentity.Althoughwe

willprobablyneverknowwhetherthiswomanwastheGrandDuchessAnastasia,her

searchtoestablishheridentityhasbeenthesubjectofnumerousbooks,plays,and

movies.

1、Accordingtothepassage,.

A、Anastasiaisstillalive

B、AnastasiaistheonlychildofCzarNicholasII

C^manyhavetriedtoclaimtheidentityofAnastasia

D、Anastasiadiedinanexecution

標準答案:C

知識點露析:細節(jié)題。選項中出現(xiàn)的Anastasia是全文的關鍵詞,在類似的人物傳

記篇章中會多次出現(xiàn),所以一般無法起到定位作用,只能采用排除法。文中提到沙

皇一家被執(zhí)行死刑的時間是1918年,距今已有一個世紀,所以真正的Anaslasia可

能早已不在人世,而且文中對此沒有直接陳述,所以排除選項A。文章第一段就寫

到Anastasia是沙皇家中最小的女兒,所以她不是唯的孩了,排除選項B。如果

Anastasia死于1918年的行刑中,就不會有后面真假公主之爭了,所以排除選項

Do通讀全文也可以進一步確定選項C是正確答案,全篇主要圍繞Alina是否是沙

皇最小的女兒這一問題展開。

2、WhenAnastasiaTschaikovskywasinthehospital,.

A、shechangedhername

B、shec

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