2022版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)選修8Unit2Cloning學(xué)案含解析新人教版

Unit2Cloning————[單元主題語境]———人與社會之科技發(fā)展與信息技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，科學(xué)精神，信息安全(2018·高考某某卷)話題：3D食物打印詞數(shù)：383難度：★★★★There'sanewfrontierin3Dprintingthat'sbeginningtoeintofocus:food.Recentdevelopmenthasmadepossiblemachinesthatprint,cook,andservefoodsonamassscale.Andtheindustryisn'tstoppingthere.FoodproductionWitha3Dprinter,acookcanprintplicatedchocolatesculpturesandbeautifulpiecesfordecorationonaweddingcake.Noteverybodycandothat—ittakesyearsofexperience,butaprintermakesiteasy.ArestaurantinSpainusesaFoodinito“re-createformsandpieces”offoodthatare“exactlythesame，”freeingcookstopleteothertasks.Inanotherrestaurant,allofthedishesanddessertsitservesare3D-printed,ratherthanfarmtotable.Sustainability(可持續(xù)性)Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9.6billionby2050,andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels.Sustainabilityisbeinganecessity.3Dfoodprintingcouldprobablycontributetothesolution.Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids(水解膠體)fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae(藻類)andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients(烹飪原料).3Dprintingcanreducefueluseandemissions.Grocerystoresofthefuturemightstock“food”thatlastsyearsonend,freeingupshelfspaceandreducingtransportationandstoragerequirements.NutritionFuture3Dfoodprinterscouldmakeprocessedfoodhealthier.HodLipson,aprofessoratColumbiaUniversity,said,“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent,likevitamins.Soinsteadofeatingapieceofyesterday'sbreadfromthesupermarket,you'deatsomethingbakedjustforyouondemand.”ChallengesDespiterecentadvancementsin3Dfoodprinting,theindustryhasmanychallengestoovere.Currently,mostingredientsmustbechangedtoapaste(糊狀物)beforeaprintercanusethem,andtheprintingprocessisquitetime-consuming,becauseingredientsinteractwitheachotherinveryplexways.Ontopofthat,mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients,becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad.Someexpertsareskepticalabout3Dfoodprinters,believingtheyarebettersuitedforfastfoodrestaurantsthanhomesandhigh-endrestaurants.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇科普說明文。文章主要介紹了3D打印技術(shù)的新發(fā)展：打印食物，并詳細介紹了與3D打印相關(guān)的食品生產(chǎn)、可持續(xù)發(fā)展、營養(yǎng)以及面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。46．Whatbenefitdoes3Dprintingbringtofoodproduction?A．Ithelpscookstocreatenewdishes.B．Itsavestimeandeffortincooking.C．Itimprovesthecookingconditions.D．Itcontributestorestaurantdecorations.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)Foodproduction標題下第二句中的“ittakesyearsofexperience,butaprintermakesiteasy”可知，利用3D打印機打印食物省時省力。答案：B47．Whatcanwelearnabout3Dfoodprintingfromparagraph3?A．Itsolvesfoodshortageseasily.B．Itquickensthetransportationoffood.C．Itneedsnospaceforthestorageoffood.D．Itusesrenewablematerialsassourcesoffood.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)“fromplentifulrenewableslikealgaeand...”可知，打印食物的原料是可再生的。答案：D48．Accordingtoparagraph4,3D-printedfood.A．ismoreavailabletoconsumersB．canmeetindividualnutritionalneedsC．ismoretastythanfoodinsupermarketsD．cankeepallthenutritioninrawmaterials解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent,likevitamins.”可知，3D打印機打印食物可以滿足個人的營養(yǎng)需求，故答案為B。答案：B49．Whatisthemainfactorthatprevents3Dfoodprintingfromspreadingwidely?A．Theprintingprocessisplicated.B．3Dfoodprintersaretooexpensive.C．Foodmaterialshavetobedry.D．Someexpertsdoubt3Dfoodprinting.解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ontopofthat,mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients...”可知，選項C正確。答案：C50．Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．3DFoodPrinting:DeliciousNewTechnologyB．ANewWaytoImprove3DFoodPrintingC．TheChallengesfor3DFoodProductionD．3DFoodPrinting:FromFarmtoTable解析：標題歸納題。本文介紹了3D食物打印機的相關(guān)信息，談到其發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，它使用的原料有利于食物的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，人們可以根據(jù)自己的營養(yǎng)需求來私人定制食物，但是其發(fā)展也受到某些限制。故應(yīng)選A項“3D食物打印：美味的新技術(shù)”。答案：A一、語言能力熟詞生義/詞類活用1．cookn．廚師2．formn.形狀3．currentadj.當前的4．lastv．持續(xù)二、思維品質(zhì)1．閱讀技巧——借助關(guān)鍵句、段進行推理判斷有些推理判斷題的解答需要對較多信息進行閱讀和推理。因此，解題時應(yīng)認真閱讀試題題干，回到原文找到與題目有邏輯關(guān)系的關(guān)鍵句或關(guān)鍵段，并借助其進行推理判斷，看與哪一個備選項的內(nèi)容在意義與邏輯上吻合。例如第47題，根據(jù)第三段中的“Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloidsfromplentifulrenewableslikealgaeandgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients.”可知，3D打印機可以使用可再生的原料作為食物來源。故選D。再例如第48題，根據(jù)本段中的“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent...you'deatsomethingbakedjustforyouondemand.”可知，消費者可以根據(jù)自己的需求定制化地做出自己需要的食品來滿足自己的需求。故選B。2．分析長難句并翻譯句子Recentdevelopmenthasmadepossiblemachinesthatprint,cookandservefoodsonamassscale.[分析]that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞possiblemachines,that在從句中作主語。[翻譯]近來的發(fā)展已經(jīng)使得可用于大規(guī)模地打印、烹制和供應(yīng)食品的機器出現(xiàn)。三、文化素養(yǎng)思考：通過閱讀這篇文章，你認為3D打印機的優(yōu)勢到底在哪兒？3D打印機的優(yōu)勢在于成本少、可以做出傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)做不出來的外形、打印出來的東西重量輕。3D打印技術(shù)最突出的優(yōu)點是無需機械加工或任何模具，就能直接從計算機圖形數(shù)據(jù)中生成任何形狀的零件，從而極大地縮短產(chǎn)品的研制周期，提高生產(chǎn)率和降低生產(chǎn)成本。與傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)相比，通過摒棄生產(chǎn)線而降低了成本，大幅減少了材料浪費。授課提示：對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書第233頁NO.1單詞——在語境中應(yīng)用，在拓展中記多01核心單詞…………[先識記]請根據(jù)漢語提示完成下列詞塊1．strikeheronthehead打在她頭上2．owehimtendollars欠他10美元3．a(chǎn)ttainsuccess獲得成功4．obtainaprize得獎5．undertakeexperiments著手做實驗6．forbidsb.tosmoke禁止某人吸煙7．botherwithtrifles為小事而煩惱8．objecttotheproposal反對這個提議9．castasmile投以微笑10．a(chǎn)vaingirl一個虛榮心強的女孩子[再拓展]請?zhí)钊肜ㄌ杻?nèi)單詞的正確形式1．Ourteacherisgoodatmakingplicatedproblemssimpletograsp,andhebelievesthatplicationisnotgoodforhisstudents.(plicate)2．Thepurposeofeducationisnotonlytheaccumulationofknowledge.Anditalsomeansaccumulatingintelligenceaswellasabilities.(accumulate)3．Fromtheirappearance,wecannottellthedifferencesbetweenthetwins,butthewaystheywalkaredifferent.Andtheyalsodifferintheirvoices.(differ)4．Greydecidedtomovetothecountrysideandhismothermadenoobjectiontoitwhilehisfatherobjectedtoit.(object)5．Iliketodecoratemyhousewithwell-designeddecorations，becauseIthinktheywillmakemyroomsmoreartistic.(decorate)6．Nowadaysfewofuscanresistthetemptationofsmartphones,fortheconveniencetheybringtoourlifemakesanyonetryingtoberesistanttothemfinallyquithisorherresistance.(resist)7．Theprofessorlivinginthebigcityretiredlastyear.Afterhisretirement，hesettleddowninthebeautifulcountryside.(retire)8．Inmyview,whathesaidisreasonable，becausetherearenootherreasonsthatwecangivetofirehimfromthepany.(reason)02閱讀單詞…………標注不認識的單詞，回查單詞表重新記憶□accumulate□straightforward□arbitrary□medium□mercial□procedure□carrier□fate□impact□moral□turkey□adore□hatch□opera□flour□claw□initial□restore□feather□plicated□conservative□constitution□pulsory□identical□chorusNO.2短語——在拼寫中記牢，在聯(lián)想中積累[必會短語]請根據(jù)漢語提示完成下列詞塊1．bringbacktolife使復(fù)生；使復(fù)活2．payoff得到好結(jié)果；取得成功；償清3．fromtimetotime不時；偶爾4．ingood/poorcondition狀況很好/壞5．invain白費力氣；枉費心機6．castdown使失望；使沮喪7．infavouroftheplan支持這項計劃8．beboundtolikeit一定會喜歡它[詞匯積累]1．學(xué)會“反對”和“拒絕”①objectvi.反對②opposev．反對③againstprep.反對④disagreevi.不同意⑤rejectvt.拒絕⑥r(nóng)efusev．拒絕⑦declinev．婉拒2．積少成多①accumulatevt.&vi.積累②increasevt.&vi.增長③enlargevt.&vi.擴大；放大④expandvt.&vi.擴大；膨脹3．“in＋名詞＋of”短語全接觸①infavour/supportof贊成；支持②insearchof尋找③inviewof鑒于；由于④inmemoryof為了紀念⑤inhonourof為了紀念⑥intermsof就……而言⑦inpossessionof擁有NO.3句式——在解讀中學(xué)懂，在學(xué)寫中學(xué)通請根據(jù)提示完成下列句子1．then位于句首，句子用全部倒裝語序第二天早上，一個重要的時刻來了。Thencamethebigmomentthenextmorning.(2019·高考卷)2．doyouthink作插入語你認為在這篇閱讀材料中作者的觀點是什么？Whatdoyouthinkisthewriter'spointofviewinthisreadingpassage?3．that引導(dǎo)表語從句通過這次活動，我感覺到我能夠承擔起責任，使我更加堅強和堅定。Throughtheactivity,whatIfeltisthatIamabletoshouldertheresponsibilityandmakemestrongerandmoredetermined.(2020·高考某某卷)授課提示：對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書第234頁1．differvi.不同；相異[寫作佳句]Thetwinbrothersarealikeinappearancebutdiffergreatlyincharacter.這對孿生兄弟外貌很相像，但性格相差很大。[歸納拓展](1)differin在……方面不同differfrom與……不同(2)differencen．不同之處makeadifference起作用；有影響(3)differentadj.不同的bedifferentfrom...in...在……方面與……不同[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎(chǔ)練透——單句語法填空①Thesistersdifferwidelyintheirinterests.②Weshouldpaymoreattentiontothedifferences(different)inourbodylanguage.③SinceIwasakid，I'veconsidereddifferent(differ)jobsIwouldliketodo.(2019·高考全國卷Ⅱ)能力提升——完成句子④Iholdthefirmbeliefthatwecanmakeabigdifferenceifeveryonemakesalittleeffort.我堅信如果每個人都努力一點，我們將起重大作用。2．objectvi.反對；不贊成n．物體；目標[文化金句]A14-year-oldboywroteapostontheInternettoobjectthathisDadtookawayhisluckymoney.一個14歲的男孩在網(wǎng)上發(fā)帖反對他父親拿走了他的壓歲錢。[歸納拓展](1)objecttosb./sth.反對；不贊成objectto(sb.'s)doingsth.反對(某人)做某事(2)objectionn．反對；異議；不贊成have/take/makeanobjectionto(doing)sth.對(做)某事表示反對raiseanobjectionto(doing)sth.對(做)某事提出異議(3)objectiveadj.客觀的；無偏見的；真實的；賓格的[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎(chǔ)練透——單句語法填空①Thevillagersraisedanobjection(object)tobuildingachemicalplantbesidetheriver.②Heobjectedtobeingtreated(treat)likeachild.能力提升——句型轉(zhuǎn)換Iwasopposedtopayingthatmuchformilk.→③Iobjectedtopayingthatmuchformilk.(object)→④Ihad/made/tookanobjectiontopayingthatmuchformilk.(objection)3．forbidvt.(forbade/forbad，forbidden)禁止；不準[寫作佳句]Themotherforbidsherchildrentoswim/forbidsherchildrenfromswimmingintheriverunlesssomeoneagreestowatchover.母親不允許她的孩子去河里游泳，除非有人同意看護。[歸納拓展](1)forbiddoingsth.禁止做某事forbidsb.todosth.＝forbidsb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事(2)forbiddenadj.禁止的；不準的[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎(chǔ)練透——單句語法填空/完成句子①Itishightimethatweforbadesetting(set)offfireworksinurbanareas!②Youareforbiddentoleave(leave)theroomunlessyouapologizeforwhatyouhavedone.③Ithinkitnecessarytoforbidshopsandsupermarketsfromoffering(禁止商店和超市提供)freeplasticshoppingbags.能力提升——翻譯句子④禁止學(xué)生在校內(nèi)使用手機，因為它可能會影響學(xué)業(yè)。Studentsareforbiddentousemobilephonesatschoolbecauseitmayaffecttheirschooling.[實戰(zhàn)貼士]forbid后不能直接跟動詞不定式作賓語，但可直接跟動名詞作賓語，也可用forbidsb.todosth.形式，有類似用法的單詞還有：allow，permit，advise等。4．owevt.欠(賬、錢、人情等)；歸功于……；應(yīng)感謝[寫作佳句]IoweittomyEnglishteacherthatIhavemadegreatprogressinmyEnglish.我在英語上取得了很大進步，這要歸功于我的英語老師。[歸納拓展](1)owesb.sth.＝owesth.tosb.欠某人某物(2)owe...to...把……歸功于……oweittosb.that...多虧某人……(3)owingto...因為；由于[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎(chǔ)練透——單句語法填空/同義替換①MyEnglishteacherissuchagreatsoul,towhomIowemanythanks.②IoweittoyouthatIcangetsomuchprogress.③Thanksto(＝Owingto)hisoptimismandperseverance,hewasadmittedintoBeijingUniversity.能力提升——完成句子④Whereverwearetoday,weoweittoourparentswhohavegivenandtaughtussomuch.如今無論我們身在何處，都要感謝我們的父母，他們給予了我們很多，教會了我們很多。5．bothervt.打擾vi.操心n.煩擾[寫作佳句]Idoneedyourvaluablesuggestions，hopingitwon'tbotheryoumuch.(2020·高考全國卷Ⅲ)我確實需要你寶貴的建議，希望不會打擾你太多。[歸納拓展](1)bothersb.with/aboutsth.為某事打擾或麻煩某人botherdoing/todosth.費心做某事botheraboutsth.為某事煩惱Itbotherssb.that.../todosth.使某人苦惱的是……(2)havebother(in)doingsth.費勁/有麻煩做某事[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎(chǔ)練透——單句語法填空①Itbothersmetothinkofheraloneinthatbighouse.②Idon'twanttobotherherwith/aboutmyproblemsatthemoment.③Don'tbothertolook/looking(look)formyumbrella,anditwillturnupsomeday.能力提升——句型轉(zhuǎn)換④Didyouhavemuchtrouble/difficulty(in)findingthehouse?→Didyouhavemuchbother(in)findingthehouse?6．strikev．(struck，struck)打；撞擊；罷工；襲擊；報時n.罷工[寫作佳句]MountTaihasstruckitsbeautyintomyheart；asaresult，itstrikesmethatIwillvisititagain.泰山的美讓我刻骨銘心，因此我突然想到我會再次游覽泰山。[歸納拓展](1)bestruckby/with...被……擊中；被……打動Itstrikessb.that...某人突然想起……oone'sheart使……刻骨銘心strikesb.as/being...給某人的印象是……(2)be/goonstrike在/舉行罷工[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎(chǔ)練透——一詞多義①Hestruckthetablewithhisfist.vt.打②Theareawasstruckbyanoutbreakofcholera.vt.侵襲③Hestruckmeasmoreeagertowinthematch.vt.給(某人以……)印象④Theairportisstillparalysedbythestrike.n.罷工⑤Thechildranintotheroadandwasstruckbyacar.vt.撞擊⑥Atthispoint,itsuddenlystruckmethatIwaswastingmytime.vt.突然想到⑦Theclockonthewallstrucknine.vt.報時能力提升——補全句子/句式升級⑧Becausewearestruckbyyourtalent(被你的天賦打動)intheroboticpetition，I'dliketoinviteyoutojoinus.(2018·高考某某卷)→Struckbyyourtalentintheroboticpetition，I'dliketoinviteyoutojoinus.(分詞短語作狀語)7．payoff得到好結(jié)果；取得成功；償清；(付清工資后)解雇[寫作佳句]IwasveryinterestedinEnglishandworkedhardatit.Finallyallmyeffortspaidoff.我對英語非常感興趣而且付出了努力，最后我所有的努力都得到了回報。[歸納拓展]payfor為……付款payback還錢；報復(fù)payavisitto拜訪payattentionto注意[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎(chǔ)練透——一詞多義①Didyourdaringplanpayoff？取得成功②Herdebtswerenotpaidoffuntillastyear.還清③Whenthebuildingwaspleted，hepaidofftheworkers.(付清工資后)解雇④Hishardworkincollegepaidoffatlast.Hehasbeeafamousscientist.得到回報能力提升——完成語段⑤LiHuahaddreamedofpayingavisittoHangzhousincehewasalittlechild.Lastyear,hepaidforthevisitwithadebt.Sincethen,hehasbeenworkinghardtopaybackhisdebt.Hiseffortsfinallypaidoffandhepaidoffallhisdebt.Sincethen,LiHuahasbeenpayingattentiontothewayhespends.李華從小就夢想著去某某旅游。去年，他帶著債務(wù)為這次旅行買單。從那以后，他一直努力工作以償還債務(wù)。他的努力終于有了回報，他還清了所有的債務(wù)。從那以后，李華一直注意他的消費方式。8．that引導(dǎo)的表語從句[教材原句]Theadvantageisthatifthereisanewillnesssomeoftheseanimalsmaydie，butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetothenextgeneration.其優(yōu)勢是如果發(fā)生某種新的疾病，這些動物中的一些可能會死掉，但是另外一些卻能存活下來，并且把這種免疫力傳給下一代。[歸納拓展](1)that引導(dǎo)表語從句時，that在句中無詞義，但通常不能省略。(2)Theadvantage/strengthof...isthat...……的優(yōu)勢是……Thedisadvantageof...isthat...……的不足是……Thedrawbackof...isthat...……的缺點是……Thechanceis/Thechancesarethat...有可能……[實戰(zhàn)演練]基礎(chǔ)練透——單句語法填空①Thedisadvantageoftheareaisthatthereisnopublictransport.②Thechanceisthatourteamwillfinishatthetop，asourremainingmatchesaren'ttoodifficult.③Thedrawbackoftheplanisthatitcostsalotofmoney.能力提升——完成句子④Whatyoushouldbeawareisthatwe'regoingtoplayagainstalltheotherschoolteamsinourgamesection.(2019·高考全國卷Ⅱ)你應(yīng)該知道的是，我們要在游戲區(qū)和其他所有的校隊比賽。授課提示：對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書第237頁[教材與高考]Ⅰ.閱讀理解障礙詞1．閱讀詞匯認知①(2019·高考全國卷Ⅰ)Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtomercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.adj.簡單的②(2019·高考某某卷)Itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople'sopinions.However，theyhaverealimpacts，astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.n.影響③(某某卷)Wedoe-mailsandPowerPoint,surftheInternet，andfeelwe'reatthecuttingedge.處在最前沿④(卷)Finally,youneverknowwhatwonderfulideamightstrikewhileyourmindhasmovedslowlyaway.vi.突然想到2．一詞多義①(2019·高考卷)Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandmunicatingwhatisreal.DA．攜帶者B．搬運工C．運輸工具D．運營商②(2018·高考全國卷Ⅰ)Butgoodnewsisthatthere'rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.CA．媒介B．手段C．中等的③(2019·高考某某卷)Historyismuchmorethanthestudyofdustyoldobjectsandeventslongpast.BA．目標B．物件C．反對Ⅱ.語言運用高頻點1．語法填空①(2020·高考某某卷)Thentheyparedthesamples.Therewereconsiderabledifferences(differ)．②(2020·高考全國卷Ⅱ)Thebeautifullongbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations(decorate)．③(2019·高考全國卷Ⅰ)Popularity(popular)isawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.④(2019·高考全國卷Ⅱ)She'sunabletomeet(meet)herschedule.⑤(2019·高考全國卷Ⅱ)GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpactoncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.2．完形填空①(2019·高考全國卷Ⅰ)However,Isoondiscoverthatmuchhaschangedsincethedaysofdisturbingreportsofcampsamongtonsofrubbish.Ifindacleanmountain,withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths.TheenvironmentalchallengesaresignificantbuttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobe49.A．payingoffB．spreadingoutC．blowingupD．fadingaway解析：根據(jù)上文描述的這座山的環(huán)境情況有所改觀可知，此處指坦桑尼亞國家公園管理局做出的努力似乎得到了回報。payoff“奏效，獲得成功”；spreadout“伸展，散開”；blowup“爆炸”；fadeaway“逐漸消失”。答案：A②(2019·高考全國卷Ⅱ)JeffhadhuntedinIowabeforeThanksgivingwithhisdog,Rosie,butthegunshotshadscaredthedogoff.Jeffsearched55forRosieinthenextfourdays.A．onpurposeB．ontimeC．inturnD．invain解析：根據(jù)上文可知，Jeff帶著他的狗Rosie在Iowa打獵，但是槍聲把狗嚇跑了。Jeff尋找四天，也沒有找到他的狗Rosie，即徒勞無功。invain是固定短語，意為“徒勞無益，白費力氣”。答案：D③(2017·高考某某卷)Influencedbyherstory,IcreatedtheAsWeHeal(痊愈),theWorldHealsproject.Mygoalwastolose150poundsinoneyearandraise$50,000insupportofamovementfounded30yearsagotoendh