初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)詳解 配套習(xí)題(精)

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)有很多。初中階段主要掌握八種：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)。1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)是I,we,you,they和名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)作謂語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞用原形。主語(yǔ)是he,she,it和名詞單數(shù)時(shí)，作謂語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞的詞尾變化如下：一般情況＋s以s,x,ch,sh或o結(jié)尾＋es以輔音＋y結(jié)尾去y變i＋es2）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式（以be和like為例）：主語(yǔ)肯定式否定式疑問(wèn)式第一、二人稱(chēng)和第三人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)Iamastudent.We/You/Theyarestudents.He/Sheisastudent.I/We/You/They/likemusic.Manypeoplelikemusic.Iamnotastudent.We/You/Theyarenotstudents.He/Sheisnotastudent.I/We/You/They/don’tlikemusic.Manypeopledon’tlikemusic.Areyouastudent.Areyou/theystudents?Ishe/sheastudent?Doyou/theylikemusic?Domanypeoplelikemusic?3）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的用法：現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。例如：Igetupatsixeverymorning.Heplaystennisonceaweek.現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)例如：Mymotherisateacher.SheteachesEnglishinaschool.客觀真理例如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.4）常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：oftenusuallysometimesalwayseverydayneverinthemorning等。例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！---MayIhelpyou,sir?---Yes,IboughttheTVthedaybeforeyesterday,butit______.A.didn’tworkB.doesn’tworkC.won’tworkD.can’twork解析：電視雖然是前天買(mǎi)的，但壞了是現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。選B.2．______thebusuntilit______..A.Getoff,stopsB.Getoff,willstopC.Don’tgetoff,stopsD.Don’tgetoff,willstop解析：這是一個(gè)以u(píng)ntil引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句是祈使句，因此從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。根據(jù)句意此題應(yīng)用not…until（直到……才）句型。應(yīng)選C。3．The70-year-oldman______exercisesinthemorning.A.takesB.aretakingC.tookD.willtake解析：“這個(gè)70歲的老人早晨鍛煉?！边@里鍛煉是一個(gè)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。因此，應(yīng)選A.2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：Am/is/are+v-ing是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式v-ing現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：一般情況+ing以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的單詞。去e,加ing+ing以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的單詞去e+ing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí).雙寫(xiě)詞尾字母+ing2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定肯定句、否定句、疑問(wèn)句形式：主語(yǔ)肯定式否定式疑問(wèn)式第一、二人稱(chēng)和第三人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)Iamdriving.He/She/Itisworking.We/You/Theyaredoingsomething.Iamnotdriving.He/She/Itisnotworking.We/You/Theyarenotdoinganything.Areyoudriving?Ishe/she/itworking?Areyou/theydoingsomething?3）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：1.說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（動(dòng)作是在說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行）。例如：Sheishavingabathnow.2.現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（但是動(dòng)作并不是必須在說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行）。例如：Youareworkinghardtoday.KatewantstoworkinItaly,sosheislearningItalian.Thepopulationoftheworldisgrowingveryfast.頻度副詞always,forever等詞連用時(shí)，表示某種強(qiáng)烈的感情。如：Heisalwaystryingoutnewideas.(表示欣賞，表?yè)P(yáng)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（僅限于go,come,arrive,leave,start,fly,begin,stay等動(dòng)詞）。如：Thepartyisbeginningat8:00o’clock.6常用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now等。例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！1．Idon’tthinkthatit’strue.She’salways______lies.A.tellB.tellsC.tellingD.told解析：always在這里應(yīng)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用，帶有感情色彩，表示討厭。選C.How______you______withthenewjob?A.do,doB.do,getalongC.are,doingD.are,gettingon解析：表示現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。選D.3．---Arethesesocksyours?---No.Mine______outsideontheclothesline.A.arehangingB.havehungC.hangD.hung解析：hang意為懸掛，hung意為上吊、絞死，先排除答案B、D。根據(jù)前后句意可判斷出現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。應(yīng)選A.3．一般將來(lái)時(shí)1）一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成：1.助動(dòng)詞will(shall+動(dòng)詞原形2.am/is/are+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形2）一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法：1．將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：IwillleaveforBeijingtomorrow.2．將要存在的狀態(tài)。例如：ThistimenextyearIwillbeinJapan.Wherewillyoube?3．打算要做的事。例如：Areyougoingtowatchthefilmontelevisiontonight?3常用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrownextweekin2008等。例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！1.I______forHongKongonSaturday.Willyougotoseemeoffattheairport？A.amleavingB.amleftC.amgoingtoleavingD.left解析：趨向動(dòng)詞leave可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。選A。2.I______toseegrandmaandhelpherwithsomehouseworkeveryweek.A.cameB.amgoingcomeC.comeD.willcome解析：此題雖然有everyweek,但句意中表達(dá)的事將要去做的經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作。應(yīng)該用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。因此選D。WeChinese______theOlympicGamesin2008.A.heldB.shallholdingC.areholdingD.aregoingtohold解析：本題的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是將來(lái)的時(shí)間，所以選用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，A、D都刪去。shall后面應(yīng)跟動(dòng)詞原型，故應(yīng)選D.4．一般過(guò)去時(shí)1）一般過(guò)去時(shí)的構(gòu)成：用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。作謂語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞的詞尾變化如下：一般情況+ed以e字母結(jié)尾的輔音+d以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾去y變i＋ed重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫(xiě)詞尾字母+ed2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式（以be和like為例）：主語(yǔ)肯定式否定式疑問(wèn)式第一、二人稱(chēng)和第三人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)Iwasastudent.We/You/Theywerestudents.He/Shewasastudent.I/We/You/They/likedmusic.Manypeoplelikedmusic.Iwasnotastudent.We/You/Theywerenotstudents.He/Shewasnotastudent.I/We/You/They/didn’tlikemusic.Manypeopledidn’tlikemusic.Wereyouastudent.Wereyou/theystudents?Washe/sheastudent?Didyou/theylikemusic?Didmanypeoplelikemusic?3）一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法：過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：Thepolicestoppedmeonmywayhomelastnight.過(guò)去存在的狀態(tài)。例如：Theyweren'tabletocomebecausetheyweresobusy.3.常用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday，threemonthsago，lastyear，in1979，often，always等。例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！r.Mottisout.Buthe______hereafewminutesago.A.wasB.isC.willbeD.wouldbe解析：時(shí)分鐘前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。應(yīng)選A，2．---Hi,Tom.---Hello,Fancy.I______youwerehere.A.don’tknowB.won’tthinkC.thinkD.didn’tknow解析：雖然句中沒(méi)有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但是可以通過(guò)上下文語(yǔ)境判斷出，這句話指的是我這段時(shí)間并不知道，你前一陣子在這兒。所以應(yīng)選A。3．HepromisedtotellmebyhimselfwhenI______.A.comeB.wouldcomeC.comeD.hadcome解析：在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)。應(yīng)選C。5．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：have/has+v-ing2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句形式（以be和see為例）：主語(yǔ)肯定式否定式疑問(wèn)式第一、二人稱(chēng)和第三人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞復(fù)數(shù)I/We/You/Theyhavebeenherebefore.He/Shehasbeenherebefore..I/We/You/They/Manypeoplehaveseenthefilm.I/We/You/Theyhaven’tbeenherebefore.He/Shehasn’tbeenherebefore..I/We/You/They/Manypeoplehaven’tseenthefilm.Haveyou/theybeenherebefore?Hashe/shebeenherebefore?Haveyou/they/manypeopleseenthefilm?在完成時(shí)的用法：1、表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果.常與already,just,ever,never,before等詞連用.如:Shehasneverreadthisnovel.他從未讀過(guò)這本小說(shuō).(他對(duì)小說(shuō)的內(nèi)容不了解2、表示“過(guò)去的動(dòng)作”一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去.常與for(后跟段時(shí)間或since(后跟點(diǎn)時(shí)間等連用.如:IhavebeenamemberofthePartyfor10years.IhavebeenamemberofthePartysince10yearsago.注：在有for和since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子中不能用短暫性動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)用與之相應(yīng)的表示狀態(tài)的詞。如：Hehasdiedfor3years.(FHehasbeendeadfor3years.(T注意：①現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用。如：in1998,lastmorning等②have/hasbeento表示“去過(guò)”（去了又回來(lái)了）have/hasgoneto表示“去過(guò)”（去了沒(méi)回來(lái)了）如：Wherehasshegone?(句中所指的人不在Wherehasshebeen?(句中作指的人在例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！--Howlong______he______afever?---Eversincelastnight.A.have,gotB.have,hadC.have,caughtD.did,have解析：此句表示從昨晚起持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，去掉答案D。因?yàn)槭嵌螘r(shí)間，所以不能用短暫行動(dòng)詞，get和catch都是短暫行動(dòng)詞。因此選B.Mybowlisempty.Who______allmysoup?A.drinksB.haddrunkC.hasdrunkD.drank解析：碗是空的了，這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作造成的結(jié)果?！罢l(shuí)把我的湯都喝了。應(yīng)選C.3.I______youforalongtime.Where______you______?A.Didn’tseen;did,goB.didn’tsee;have,goneC.haven’tseen;have,beenD.haven’tseen;havegone解析：for+段時(shí)間一般預(yù)先在完成時(shí)連用?！澳闳ツ膬毫?？”（在這段時(shí)間你不在）應(yīng)選C。6、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：was/were+v-ing2過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：過(guò)去某一階段或某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。例如：ThistimelastyearIwaslivinginBrazil.Whatwereyoudoingat10o'clocklastnight?3常用于過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：atfouryesterdayafternoon，then，atthattime/moment等。例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！Daddypromisedmehe______meacomputerA.wasboughtB.hadboughtCboughtD.wouldbuy解析：“爸爸答應(yīng)我給我買(mǎi)一臺(tái)電腦”。賓語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)作是以過(guò)去為起點(diǎn)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。選D。Theysaidthey______dosomesportsifitwasfine.A.weregoingtoB.wentC.wouldgoingD.weregoing解析：“他們說(shuō)如果天氣好的話他們打算去運(yùn)動(dòng)?！比プ鲞\(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生在說(shuō)話之后，所以應(yīng)選用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，答案B不合適，“打算作某事”為“begoingtodo”.would后面應(yīng)跟動(dòng)詞原形，應(yīng)選A.7、過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)1）過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：肯定式：had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞否定式：hadn’t+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞疑問(wèn)式：Had…+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞簡(jiǎn)略回答:Yes,主+have/hashad.No,主+had現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法：1、表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作。他表示的時(shí)間是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”常與bylastyear,bythetimeofyesterday,等連用。如：Shesaidshehadseenthefilm4times.WhenMrLigottotheclassroom,allthestudentshadbegunreading.Bythetimetheyarrived,thebushadleft.2、表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與for(后跟段時(shí)間或since(后跟點(diǎn)時(shí)間等連用.如:Shehadworkedinthisschoolsinceitopened25yearsago.例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！1.He______inShanghaiUniversityforfouryearsbeforehe______Beijing.A.studied,hadgoneB.hadstudied,wentC.hasstudied,goesD.hadstudied,hadgone解析：“他去北京之前在上大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了4年”。在上海學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在去北京之前，因此第一個(gè)空應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。此題選B。2.Marysaiditwasatleastfiveyearssincehe______agooddrink.A.enjoyedB.wasenjoyingC.hadenjoyedD.wouldenjoy解析：Itwas+時(shí)間段+since引導(dǎo)的從句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。應(yīng)選C。3.XiaoPeisaidshe______Hainanfor3months.A.hasbeeninB.hadbeeninC.hadbeentoD.hadgoneto解析：“小培說(shuō)她去了海南三個(gè)月”。havebeento和havegoneto都是短暫性的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。所以適應(yīng)表示狀態(tài)的havebeenin.應(yīng)選B.時(shí)態(tài)綜合例題解析：1.--WhatareMrandMrsBlackdoing?---They_____teainthegarden.A.aredrinkingB.drankC.havedrunkD.drink2.Mymotheroftenasksme_____early.A.getupB.gotupC.gettingupD.togetup3.SoonWuDong____upwithLiLei,thentheywereneckandneck.A.taughtB.caughtC.boughtD.brought4.Thecar____andstoppedattheredtrafficlight.A.gotonB.gotoffC.sloweddownD.pickedup5.Tom____theCDplayerfortwoweeks.A.haslentB.hasborrowedC.hasboughtD.hashad6.---Doyouknow______?---Sorry,butifhe_____back,I____youknowassoonaspossible.A.whenwillhebeback,comes,willletB.whenhewillbeback,willcome,willletC.whattimewillhebeback,willcome,letD.whattimehewillbeback,comes,willlet7.We____totheparkifitisfinetomorrow.A.willgoB.havegoneC.go8.Anewshoefactorywill______inthispartof.MynameisZhangMingjian.Youmay______meZhangMingjianorMrZhang.A.askB.sayC.tellD.call12.Thereisgoingto______agameinourschoolthisafternoon.hasB.haveC.beD.are13.You’dbetter______smoking.It’sbadforyourhealth.eatupB.giveupC.comeupD.getup14.----Howdoyoulikethisbook?----Ithinkithasnothingto______withourstudy.A.makeB.doC.takeD.hold15.----WhereisMrBrown?Ihavesomequestionstoaskhim.----He______theoffice.A.hasbeentoB.hasbeeninC.hasgonetoD.hasgonein16.Thebuskeptthepeople______fortwentyminutes.A.waitB.towaitC.waitingD.waits17.Ibelievethescientistswill______abetterwaytohealthedisease.A.getonwithB.comeupwithC.goonwithD.catchupwith18.----Whydoyouoften______thispinkblouse?----Becauseitfitsmewell.A.putonB.wearC.buyD.tryon19.JackalwaysrunsfasterthanPeter,butthistimehe______him.A.wentoverB.fellbehindC.putoffD.droppedoff20.TheInternet______iteasytogetmuchnewinformationinashorttime.A.findsB.makesC.feelsD.takes參考答案：1--5BACCB6—10BCCBC11--15DCBBC16—20CBBBB二、選擇最佳答案填空(動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)：1.We__________outbythattimethathe_________athiefforalongtime.A.hadfound,hadbeenB.hadfound,wasC.found,hadbeenD.found,was2.Itsohappenedthatthey________thenovelbefore.A.hadreadB.wouldreadC.werereadingD.readShe________fornearlytwohours.A.kepttalkingB.kepttotalkC.haskepttalkingD.kepttotalkingSpring_______afterwinter.A.comesB.cameC.hascomeD.hadcome5.—Ihearsomenoiseinthenextroom.—Oh,yes.Yoursister_______there.A.criesB.iscryingC.criedD.wascryingAllthestudents__________toplanttreesandthere’snobodyintheclassroom.A.goB.willgoC.havegoneD.woundgo7.Stop!Alittleboy_________thestreet.A.iscrossingB.crossesC.crossedD.hascrossed8.Thegirl________tomilksincelastwinter.A.learnsB.learnedC.haslearnedD.wouldlearn9.What__________toyouthismorning?A.happensB.ishappenedC.happenedD.washappened10.—Theoldmanlookshealthy.—Yes.He________somerunningafterhegetsup.A.doesB.didC.hasdoneD.willdo11.Shedidn’tpasstheexamsbecauseshe________herlessonswell.A.wasn’tpreparedB.wasn’tbeenpreparedC.hadn’tpreparedD.waspreparing12.Thisstory_______inafarawayvillageinEuropemanyyearsago.A.ishappenedB.washappenedC.happenedD.hasbeenhappened13.—MrKingcamebacktoourvillage.—Really?Forwhat?—Theoldman________thenoiseinthecity.A.ishatingB.hatesC.washatingD.hashated14.Hisfather________foraweek.A.diedB.willdieC.hasbeendiedD.hasbeendead15.Mymotherisill.I_______stayathomeandlookafterher.A.hastoB.mustC.wouldD.haveto16.---DoyouknowtheFrenchman?---Yes.I______himfortwoyears.A.knowB.haveknownC.knewD.havebeenknown17.They______alltheirmoney,sotheyhavetowalkhome.spendB.hadspentC.havespentD.willspend18.Greatchanges_______inthecity,andalotoffactories_______.A.havebeentakenplace,havebeensetupB.havetakenplace,havebeensetupC.havetakenplace,havesetupD.weretakenplace,weresetup19.---WhendidKate’sgrandmadie?---Whilethedoctors______onher.A.areoperatingB.wereoperatingC.operateD.operated20.---Whoareyoulookingfor?---MrWhite.---Waithereforawhile.Theclassmeeting_______overinhalfanhour.A.isB.willbeC.wasD.hasbeen21.Ifshe’snotathome,you______trytelephoningherattheoffice.A.willB.couldC.wouldD.need22.Allthenewwords______upinthedictionaryyet.A.havelookedB.haven’tlookedC.havebeenlookedD.haven’tbeenlooked23.Idon’twanttospeaktoher,butI______.A.doB.havetoC.havetospeakD.mustto24.Hurryup,oryou_____thetrain.A.missB.loseC.willmissD.willlose25.Thenewlibrary____nextweek.A..willbuildB.willbebuiltC.wouldbuildD.wouldbebuilt26.---Where’sMabel?---She_____pingpongbehindtheteachingbuilding.A.isplayingB.wasplayingC.playedD.hadplayed27.Quiteafewtallbuildings_______thelasttwoyears.A.havebeenputupB.wereputupC.hadputupD.putup28.Man-made-satellites______intospacebymanycountries.A.wassentupB.issentupC.havebeensentupD.hasbeensentup29.I_______allthewordsontheblackboard.MayIgohomenow?copyB.willcoupC.copiedD.havecopied30.Nobodyknew__