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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海杉達學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題
We()thathecannotfinishtheworkbeforeJune15.
問題1選項
A.prosecute
B.meddle
C.presume
D.mingle
【答案】C
【解析】動詞辨析。句意:我們他不能在六月十五號之前完成工作。prosecute起訴;meddle干涉;presume假設(shè),認為;mingle使混合,與……交往。因此,C項符合句意。
2.單選題
Rosefeels______abouttheweekendinVermont.Shewantstogo,butshealsowantstostayathome.
問題1選項
A.atheistic
B.ambiguous
C.ambivalent
D.ascetic
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項atheistic“無神論的,無神論者的”,B項ambiguous“模糊不清的,模棱兩可的”,C項ambivalent“矛盾的,好惡相克的”,D項ascetic“苦行的,禁欲主義的”。根據(jù)后面句子的意思“她想去,但她也想呆在家里”可知,“矛盾的”符合語境。句意:羅斯對去佛蒙特州度周末感到矛盾;她想去,但她也想呆在家里。因此,該題選擇C項。
3.單選題
Gluttonouswhenitcomestochocolate,Justineatsthisdecadenttreat_____.
問題1選項
A.furtively
B.fleetingly
C.voraciously
D.covertly
【答案】C
【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項“偷偷地”,B項“飛快地”,C項“貪婪地;狼吞虎咽地”,D項“偷偷摸摸地”。根據(jù)句意:一提到巧克力就饞嘴,Justin吃著這種頹廢的食物。因此只有C項符合。
4.單選題
Theprotestswerepartoftheir(
)againsttheproposedbuildingdevelopmentinthearea.
問題1選項
A.commission
B.campaign
C.commitment
D.convention
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項commission“委員會,傭金,回扣”;B選項campaign“活動,運動(為社會、商業(yè)或政治目的而進行的一系列有計劃的活動),戰(zhàn)役”;C選項commitment“承諾,許諾”;D選項convention“慣例,大會,協(xié)定”。由againsttheproposedbuildingdevelopment(反對提議建設(shè)開發(fā))可知B選項符合邏輯搭配。句意:這些抗議是他們反對該地區(qū)擬議建設(shè)開發(fā)活動的一部分。
5.單選題
Iffacedandaccepted,failurecontributespersonalgrowthandoftenleadstoimprovedpersonalrelationships.
問題1選項
A.facedandaccepted
B.contributes
C.leadsto
D.improved
【答案】D
【解析】考查介詞用法。to是不定式,后面的動詞一般都要跟動詞原形,而句子中的improved是過去分詞形式,并且leadtodosth.是固定用法。句意:如果面對并接受失敗,失敗有助于個人成長,并常常導(dǎo)致改善人際關(guān)系。因此,該題選擇D項。
6.單選題
Almostasa()totherevivalofGreekknowledgeandvaluescametherevivalofinterestinmathematics.
問題1選項
A.corollary
B.outcome
C.consequence
D.results
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項corollary“推論,必然的結(jié)果”;B選項outcome“結(jié)局,成果”;C選項consequence“重要性,推論”;D選項results“后果”。句意:希臘知識和價值觀的復(fù)興幾乎是必然的結(jié)果,人們對數(shù)學(xué)的興趣也隨之復(fù)蘇。選項A更符合語境。
7.單選題
Hisjobatthehospitaldidnotpaymuch,sohefoundanother().
問題1選項
A.ontheside
B.onthespot
C.onthedecline
D.ontherise
【答案】A
【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項ontheside“另外,作為兼職”;B選項onthespot“立刻,當(dāng)場,在危險中”;C選項onthedecline“在衰退中”;D選項ontherise“在增加,在上漲”。句意:他在醫(yī)院的工作報酬不高,所以他另外找了一份工作。選項A符合語境。
8.單選題
Seniorgovernmentfigures()inthecover-up.
問題1選項
A.couldhaveacquired
B.musthaveacquiesced
C.mighthavedone
D.willhaverequired
【答案】B
【解析】句意:政府高級官員必然已經(jīng)默許掩蓋真相。
考查短語辨析??崭裉巹釉~與in搭配,后面接賓語cover-up(掩蓋,掩飾)。Acquiesceinsth.默然接受…;默許;順從。
9.翻譯題
Itisalsoclearfromhisaccountwhoisresponsibleformisrepresentingthisthreat:themediaandpoliticians.Thoughoutthiswork,hescoldsboth.Politicians,wearetold,“amplifythethreatfortheirownpoliticalgainsandmisleadthepublicintomisunderstandingterrorismandpreferappearingtoughonterrorismtoeffectivelycombatingitathome”.Hearguesthatmediareportingissignificantlyflawedandhystericalandsuggeststhatthemediaandpoliticiansseldompassupanyopportunitytomanipulateandsensationalizenewsevents.ThecombinationofthesetwofactorsisagreatinflationoftheterroristtheatintheUnitedStates,resultinginpopularhysteria.ThefocusonthethreattotheWestisunderstandableinsomeways—itisthethreattoone’sownstatethatthemediaandpoliticiansareconcernedwithandattempttomitigate.
【答案】【參考譯文】
從他的描述中也可以清楚地看出,是誰歪曲了這一威脅:媒體和政客。在這篇文章中,他斥責(zé)了兩者。他說,政客們?yōu)榱俗约旱恼卫娑糯笸{,誤導(dǎo)公眾對恐怖主義產(chǎn)生誤解,比起在國內(nèi)有效打擊恐怖主義,他們更愿(僅僅)表現(xiàn)出一副強硬態(tài)度。他認為媒體報道有明顯的缺陷且很滑稽,并暗示媒體和政客很少錯過任何操縱和渲染新聞事件的機會。這兩個因素結(jié)合在一起大大地夸大了美國的恐怖主義威脅,導(dǎo)致了大眾的談虎色變。對西方的威脅的關(guān)注度在某種程度上是可以理解的——媒體和政客們關(guān)注并試圖減輕的是對自己國家的威脅。
10.單選題
Dogownersmust()thedog’swasteincontainersprovidedthroughoutthepark.
問題1選項
A.pickup
B.setaside
C.disposeof
D.takeoff
【答案】C
【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。A選項pickup“撿起;獲得;收拾”;B選項setaside“留出;駁回,撤銷;不顧”;C選項disposeof“處理;轉(zhuǎn)讓;解決;吃光;除掉;賣掉”;D選項takeoff“起飛;脫下;離開;突然成功”。句意:養(yǎng)狗人必須用公園內(nèi)提供的容器處理狗的排泄物。A選項pickup應(yīng)該更側(cè)重于撿起狗狗拉在地上的排泄物,而題干中說到了在容器內(nèi),在容器內(nèi)處理狗狗的排泄物更適合,因此C選項正確。
11.單選題
()thatnight.theuniongovernmentwouldhavebeenoverthrown.
問題1選項
A.Ifhewereassassinated
B.Wereheassassinated
C.Hehadbeenassassinated
D.Hadhebeenassassinated
【答案】D
【解析】考查虛擬語氣。在if虛擬條件句中,如果是對過去情況的虛擬,則條件從句中謂語動詞用過去完成時,主句用would/could/should+have+動詞過去分詞形式。如果虛擬條件句中有were,had或should,則可以將if省略,將這幾個詞提到主語之前,構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。句意:如果他那天晚上被暗殺,那么聯(lián)邦政府可能就已經(jīng)被推翻了。故本題正確答案為D。
12.單選題
Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling.Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon“persuasivesalesmanship”tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneedsofthesellertoproducegoodsandthenconvertthemintomoney.
Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseyeontheconsumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept,whichsimplymeansthatinsteadoftryingtosellwhateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresale,themakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavailableforpurchase.
Thisconceptdoesnotsimplythatbusinessisbenevolent(慈善的)orthatconsumersatisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.Therearealwaystwosidestoeverybusinesstransaction—thefirmandthecustomer—andeachmustbesatisfiesbeforetradeoccurs.Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtocustomers.Astrikingexampleoftheimportanceofcateringtheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid1985,whenCocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrink.Thenon-acceptanceofthenewflavorbyasignificantportionofthepublicbroughtaboutapromptrestorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedalongsidethenewKingCustomerruled!
46.Themarketingconceptdiscussedinthepassageis,inessence,___.
47.Whatwasthemainconcernofindustrialistsbeforethemarketingconceptwaswidelyaccepted?
48.Accordingtothepassage,“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible”(Para.1)means___.
49.WhatdoestherestorationoftheClassicCokebestillustrate?
50.Indiscussingthemarketingconcept,theauthorfocuseson___.
問題1選項
A.thepracticeofturninggoodsintomoney
B.makinggoodsavailableforpurchase
C.thecustomer-centeredapproach
D.aformofpersuasivesalesmanship
問題2選項
A.Theneedsofthemarket.
B.Theefficiencyofproduction.
C.Thesatisfactionoftheuser.
D.Thepreferencesofthedealer.
問題3選項
A.tosellthelargestpossibleamountofgoods
B.totransportgoodsasefficientlyaspossible
C.todisposeofthesegoodsinlargequantities
D.toredesignthesegoodsforlargescaleproduction
問題4選項
A.Traditionalgoodshaveastrongerappealtothemajorityofpeople.
B.Ittakestimeforanewproducttobeacceptedbythepublic.
C.Consumerswithconservativetastesareoftendifficulttoplease.
D.Productsmustbedesignedtosuitthetasteoftheconsumer.
問題5選項
A.itsmaincharacteristic
B.itssocialimpact
C.itspossibleconsequence
D.itstheoreticalbasis
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:A
第4題:D
第5題:A
【解析】46.【試題答案】C
【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseyeontheconsumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept(市場營銷注重顧客的需求。它首先分析顧客的喜好和需求,然后再生產(chǎn)出他們滿意的商品。這種著眼于顧客的銷售方式就是人們所說的市場營銷),說明市場營銷是以顧客為中心的銷售方式。選C選項“一種以客戶為中心的方法”。A選項“把產(chǎn)品變成金錢的一種做法”和D選項“銷售人員說服勸導(dǎo)的一種方式”是傳統(tǒng)銷售的方式,排除;B選項“根據(jù)人們的購買需求生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品”,由原文可知,這只是市場營銷的一個步驟,而不是其本質(zhì),錯誤。因此C選項正確。
47.【試題答案】B
【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文首段Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon“persuasivesalesmanship”tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.(就在幾年前,大多數(shù)行業(yè)主要專注于產(chǎn)品的高效生產(chǎn),然后依靠“有說服力的銷售技巧”來盡可能多地銷售這些產(chǎn)品)可知,市場營銷這一概念被普遍采用之前,企業(yè)家們主要關(guān)心的是生產(chǎn)效率,選B選項“生產(chǎn)效率”;A選項“市場需求”,C選項“用戶的滿意度”以及D選項“經(jīng)銷商的偏好”都不符合原文給出的信息。因此B選項正確。
48.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】語義推測題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible”可以定位到文章第一段第二句Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon“persuasivesalesmanship”tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.(就在幾年前,大多數(shù)行業(yè)主要專注于產(chǎn)品的高效生產(chǎn),然后依靠“有說服力的銷售技巧”來盡可能多地銷售這些產(chǎn)品。),說明“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible”在文中是指“盡可能多地銷售產(chǎn)品”的意思,選A選項“盡可能多地銷售產(chǎn)品”;B選項“盡可能高效地運輸產(chǎn)品”,C選項“大批量地處理這些產(chǎn)品”,D選項“重新設(shè)計這些產(chǎn)品以便可以大規(guī)模制造”均不符合題意。因此A選項正確。
49.【試題答案】D
【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段第三句Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtocustomers.(然而,成功的商人和生產(chǎn)者認識到,最可靠的盈利途徑是通過了解和迎合消費者。),接著舉了可口可樂公司重新恢復(fù)經(jīng)典口味可樂的例子,說明恢復(fù)經(jīng)典配方是為了迎合顧客的口味,選D選項“商品的設(shè)計應(yīng)該貼合消費者的口味”;A選項“傳統(tǒng)型產(chǎn)品對于大多數(shù)人來說有著更強的吸引力”,B選項“一種新的產(chǎn)品為公眾所接受是需要時間的”,C選項“那些口味保守的消費者最難取悅”在文中均沒有提及。因此D選項正確。
50.【試題答案】A
【試題解析】主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文可知,作者旨在向讀者介紹市場營銷這一概念的基本特征,即根據(jù)顧客的需求組織生產(chǎn),并通過講述可口可樂公司恢復(fù)原配方這一讓人印象深刻的例子強化了讀者對其基本特征的了解,選A選項“其主要特點”;B選項“其社會影響”,C選項“其可能帶來的后果”,D選項“其理論基礎(chǔ)”在文中均沒有提及。因此A選項符合題意。
13.單選題
Yettheseglobaltrendshidestarklydifferentnationalandregionalstories.VittorioColao,thebossofVodafone,whichoperatesorpartiallyownsnetworksin31countries,arguesthatthefarthersouthyougo,themorepeopleusetheirphones,evenpasttheequator:wherelifeislessorganizedpeopleneedatool,forexampletorejigappointments."Cultureinfluencesthelifestyle,andthelifestyleinfluencesthewaywecommunicate."hesays,"Ifyoudon'tleaveyourphoneoninameetinginItaly,youarelikelytomissthenextone."
Othermundanefactorsalsoaffecthowphonesareused.Forinstance,incountrieswheremanypeoplehaveholidayhomestheyaremorelikelytogiveoutamobilenumber,whichthenbecomesthedefaultwheretheycanbereached,thusunderminingtheuseoffixed-linephones.Technologiesarealways"bothconstructiveandconstructedbyhistorical,social,andculturalcontexts,"writesMizukoIto,ananthropologistattheUniversityofCaliforniainIrvine,whohasco-editedabookonJapan’smobile-phonesubculture.
Indeed,Japanisgoodexampleofhowsuchsubculturescomeabout.Inthe1990sAmericansandScandinavianswereearlyadoptersofmobilephones.ButinthenextdecadeJapanwaswidelyseenasthemodelforthemobilefuture,givenitsearlyembraceofthemobileinternet.ForsometimeWired,amagazinefortechnologylovers,ranacolumncalled"Japaneseschoolgirlwatch",servingreaderswithastreamofmobileoddities.TheimplicationwasthatwhatJapaneseschoolgirlsdidoneday,everyoneelsewoulddothenext.
Thecountry'smobileboomwasarguablyencouragedbyunderlyingsocialconditions.Mostteenagershadlongusedpagerstokeepintouch.In1999NTT,Japan'sdominantoperator,launchedi-mode,aplatformformobile-internetservices.Itallowedcheape-mailsbetweennetworksandtheJapanesepromptlysignedupindrovesformobileinternet.MsItoalsopointsoutthatJapanisacrowdedplacewithlotsofrules.Harriedteenagers,inparticular,havefewchancesforprivateconversationsandtalkingonthephoneinpublicisfrownedupon,ifnotoutlawed.Hencetheappealofmobiledataservices.
ThebestwaytograspJapan'smobilecultureistotakeacrowdedcommutertrain.Thereareplentyofsignsadvisingyounottouseyourphone.Everyfewminutesannouncementsaremadetothesameeffect.Ityoudotakeacall,youriskmorethandisapprovinggazes.Passengersmayappealtoaguardwhowillquietlybutfirmlyexplain:"damedesu"—it'snotallowed.Somestudiessuggestthattalkingonamobilephoneonatrainisseenasworsethaninatheatre.Instead,hushedpassengerstypeawayontheirhandsetsorreadmobile-phonenovels(writtenJapaneseallowsmoreinformationtobedisplayedonasmallscreenthanlanguagesthatusetheRomanalphabet).
1.Accordingtothepassage,anItalianpersonwouldleavehisphoneoninameetingforwhichofthefollowingreasons?
2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythepassage?
3.TheauthorsuggeststhatJapanleadstheworldinthemobile-phonecultureinthat(
).
4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheJapaneseteenagersarefondofthemobiledataservicesbecause
(
).
5.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage,basedonitscontent?
問題1選項
A.Heisafraidofmissingabusinessopportunity.
B.Hisfamilymembersmaycallhiminemergency.
C.Hethinksitisrudetoleaveacallunanswered.
D.Heneedstogetpostedaboutthelatestchangeintheworkschedule.
問題2選項
A.Howweuseourphonesreflectwherewelive.
B.Technologiesdeterminethewaywecommunicate.
C.Cultureinfluencesthedevelopmentoftechnologies.
D.Socialconditionsdictatethemobilefuture.
問題3選項
A.theJapanesearetheearliestmobilephoneusers
B.theJapanesearethechattiestmobilephoneusers
C.theJapaneseusemobileinternetearlyon
D.Japanprovidesthebestmobilephoneservices
問題4選項
A.theyliketoplayelectronicgames
B.theyliketotalktotheirfriendsonthephone
C.theycanreadnovelsonthephone
D.theycancommunicatewiththeirfriendsmoreconveniently
問題5選項
A.theJapanesephoneculture
B.cultureandtechnology
C.allalike,alldifferent
D.handy,ifyouarethrifty
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:C
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:C
【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章第一段最后一句提到“Ifyoudon'tleaveyourphoneoninameetinginItaly,youarelikelytomissthenextone.”如果你在意大利開會時沒有開手機,你可能會錯過下一個會議。因此A選項“他擔(dān)心錯過商機”與工作商務(wù)有關(guān),符合題意。B選項“他的家人可能會在緊急情況下打電話給他”;C選項“他認為不回復(fù)手機來電是不禮貌的”;D選項“他需要及時獲知工作日程的最新變化”。
2.推理判斷題。文章第三段提到“Technologiesarealways"bothconstructiveandconstructedbyhistorical,social,andculturalcontexts,"”技術(shù)始終是有建設(shè)性的,且由歷史、社會和文化背景構(gòu)成。因為C選項“文化影響技術(shù)的發(fā)展”符合題意。
3.細節(jié)事實題。文章第三段提到“ButinthenextdecadeJapanwaswidelyseenasthemodelforthemobilefuture,givenitsearlyembraceofthemobileinternet.”但在接下來的十年中,考慮到日本早期對移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的接受,它被廣泛視為移動未來的模式。因此C選項“日本人很早就使用移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”符合題意。
4.細節(jié)事實題。文章第四段提到“Harriedteenagers,inparticular,havefewchancesforprivateconversationsandtalkingonthephoneinpublicisfrownedupon,ifnotoutlawed.Hencetheappealofmobiledataservices.”尤其是那些苦惱的青少年,很少有機會私下交談,如果不是違法的話,在公共場合打電話也是不受歡迎的。因此,移動數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)具有吸引力??芍狣選項“他們可以更方便地與他們的朋友交流”正確。
5.主旨大意題。由文章第一段第一句“Yettheseglobaltrendshidestarklydifferentnationalandregionalstories”然而這些全球趨勢隱藏了不同的國家和地區(qū)的故事。第二段第一句“Othermundanefactorsalsoaffecthowphonesareused”其他世俗的因素也會影響手機的使用方式??芍疚闹饕允謾C為例,表達全球化的共性和個性,因此選C“都相似,都各不同”。
14.單選題
Ifyouturnitedgewiseyou’llgetthedeskthroughthedoor.
問題1選項
A.outwards
B.forwards
C.sideways
D.inwards
【答案】C
【解析】考查副詞辨析。A項outwards“向外地”,B項forwards“向前,今后”,C項sideways“向側(cè)面地,間接地”,D項inwards“向內(nèi)地,向中心地”。句意:如果你把它斜著轉(zhuǎn),你就能把桌子穿過門。根據(jù)句意可知,edgewise在句中表示“斜著”,四個選項中與之相近的意思只有C項符合。因此,該題選擇C項。
15.單選題
Theremarkable(
)oflifeontheGalapagosIslandsinspiredCharlesDarwinto
establishhistheoryofevolution.
問題1選項
A.classification
B.variety
C.density
D.diversion
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。classification“分類,類別”;variety“多樣化”;density“密度”;diversion“轉(zhuǎn)移,消遣”。句意:加拉帕戈斯群島上生物顯著的多樣性激發(fā)了達爾文去建立自己的進化論。由后半句“激發(fā)了達爾文去建立自己的進化論”可推知該島上的生物是多樣的。答案B
16.單選題
The()ofthespringwaterattractsalotofvisitorsfromalloverthecountry.
問題1選項
A.clash
B.clarify
C.clarity
D.clatter
【答案】C
【解析】clash沖突;clarify澄清,闡明;clarity清澈,透明;clatter嘩啦聲,嘈雜聲。句意:清澈的泉水吸引了許多來自全國各地的游客。選項C符合句意。
17.不定項選擇題
Scientistsarehopingtoeliminatemalaria(瘧疾)bydevelopingageneticallymodifiedmosquitothatcannottransmitthedisease.MalariahaslongtroubledthepopulationsofSouthAmerica,Africa,andAsia,wheremosquitobitesinfectupto500millionpeopleayearwiththisseriousandsometimesfatalparasiticblooddisease.Forgenerations,scientistshavebeentryingtoeliminatemalariabydevelopingnewdrugsandusingpesticide(殺蟲劑)towipeoutlocalmosquitopopulations.Butthesemeasuresaren’tworking—andsomescientist,likeGregLanzaro,saythatbecauseofdrugresistanceandpopulationchanges,malariaisactuallymoreprevalentnowthanitwas20yearsago.Lanzarosayshehasabetterwaytostopthespreadofmalaria:geneticallymodifyingmosquitoessotheyareunabletocarrythedisease.
Lanzaroandhiscolleaguesareplanningamulti-yearprojecttoproducemalaria-resistantmosquitoesandhethinkstheycandoitwithinfiveyears.“Wecangetforeignintomosquitoesandtheygowherethey’resupposedtogo,”Lanzarosays,pointingoutthatscientistshavealreadysucceededingeneticallyengineeringmosquitoesthatcannottransmitmalariatobirdsandmice.Andhesays,scientistsarequicklymakingprogressongenesthatblocktransmissionofthediseasetohumansaswell.
Themostdifficultpartscientifically,Lanzarosays,isfiguringouthowtogetthelab-engineeredmosquitoestospreadtheirgenesintonaturalpopulations.Afterall,hepointsout;it’suselesstoengineermosquitoesinthelabthatcan’ttransmitmalariawhentherearemillionsoutinthewildthatcan.Tosolvethisproblem,LanzarowantstoloadupamobilepieceofDMAwiththemalaria-resistantgene,andtheninsertitintoagroupofmosquitoembryos.Themalaria-resistantgenewouldbeintegrateddirectlyintothemosquitoes’DNA,makingitimpossibleforthosemosquitoestotransmittheparasitethatcausesmalaria.Inthiswayasmallgroupoflab-raisedmosquitoescouldbereleasedintothewild,andbyinterbreedingwithwildmosquitoes,eventuallytransmitthebeneficialgenetotheentirepopulation.
61.Onereasonformalariatobemorewidespreadnowisthat().
A.morepeoplehavemovedtomalaria-infectedareas
B.mosquitoeshavebecomeresistanttopesticides
C.geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesstilltransmitthedisease
D.mosquitoesbiteasmanyas500millionpeopleayear
62.Lanzaroishopefulthatinafewyearmancan().
A.starttoeliminatemalaria
B.cureparasiticblooddiseases
C.preventmicefromtransmittingparasites
D.acquireimmunityagainstmalaria
63.Lanzaroisconfidentthatscientistcanblockthetransmissionsofmalariatohumansbecause().
A.naturalmosquitopopulationsdonotchange
B.scientistshavesucceededwithbirdsandmice
C.foreigngenesalwaysgowheretheyarerequired
D.lab-raisedmosquitoeswillnotberesistanttodrugs
64.WhatisthemostdifficultpartofLanzaro’sproject?
A.Spreadingmalaria-resistantgenesintonaturalmosquitopopulations.
B.Raisingmalaria-resistantmosquitoes.
C.Makinggenesthatblockthetransmissionofmalaria.
D.Identifyingmalaria-resistantgenes.
65.Accordingtothepassage,afundamentalwaytowipeoutmalariaisto().
A.developnewmalaria-resistantdrugs
B.produceeffectivepesticidestokillmosquitoes
C.changethegeneticmakeupofmosquitoes
D.removepeoplefrommalaria-infectedareas
問題1選項
A.morepeoplehavemovedtomalaria-infectedareas
B.mosquitoeshavebecomeresistanttopesticides
C.geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesstilltransmitthedisease
D.mosquitoesbiteasmanyas500millionpeopleayear
問題2選項
A.starttoeliminatemalaria
B.cureparasiticblooddiseases
C.preventmicefromtransmittingparasites
D.acquireimmunityagainstmalaria
問題3選項
A.naturalmosquitopopulationsdonotchange
B.scientistshavesucceededwithbirdsandmice
C.foreigngenesalwaysgowheretheyarerequired
D.lab-raisedmosquitoeswillnotberesistanttodrugs
問題4選項
A.Spreadingmalaria-resistantgenesintonaturalmosquitopopulations.
B.Raisingmalaria-resistantmosquitoes.
C.Makinggenesthatblockthetransmissionofmalaria.
D.Identifyingmalaria-resistantgenes.
問題5選項
A.developnewmalaria-resistantdrugs
B.produceeffectivepesticidestokillmosquitoes
C.changethegeneticmakeupofmosquitoes
D.removepeoplefrommalaria-infectedareas
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:A
第3題:B
第4題:A
第5題:C
【解析】第1題:事實細節(jié)題。由malariatobemorewidespread定位到文章第一段倒數(shù)第二句“…becauseofdrugresistanceandpopulationchanges,malariaisactuallymoreprevalentnowthanitwas20yearsago”,由于耐藥性和人口變化,瘧疾現(xiàn)在實際上比20年前更流行。由此可知,瘧疾的流行與其耐藥性有關(guān)。A選項“morepeoplehavemovedtomalaria-infectedareas”,意為“更多的人搬到瘧疾感染地區(qū)”,這是瘧疾變得更流行后的結(jié)果,它導(dǎo)致了更多的人住在瘧疾感染地區(qū);B選項“mosquitoeshavebecomeresistanttopesticides”意為“蚊子已對殺蟲劑產(chǎn)生了抗藥性”,蚊子就是瘧疾的傳播者,蚊子對殺蟲劑產(chǎn)生耐藥性,所以瘧疾傳播得更廣;C選項“geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesstilltransmitthedisease”意為“轉(zhuǎn)基因蚊子仍然傳播這種疾病”,原文中科學(xué)家們試圖通過轉(zhuǎn)基因的蚊子來消滅瘧疾,這些轉(zhuǎn)基因蚊子是不能傳播疾病的;D選項“mosquitoesbiteasmanyas500millionpeopleayear”意為“蚊子每年叮咬多達5億人”,這是現(xiàn)狀不是導(dǎo)致的原因。因此B選項符合題意。
第2題:判斷推理題。由Lanzaro定位到文章第二段第一句“Lanzaroandhiscolleaguesareplanningamulti-yearprojecttoproducemalaria-resistantmosquitoesandhethinkstheycandoitwithinfiveyears”,蘭薩羅和他的同事們正在計劃一個長期的項目來制造抗瘧疾的蚊子,他認為他們可以在5年內(nèi)做到。由此可知,蘭薩羅正計劃消滅瘧疾。A選項“starttoeliminatemalaria”,意為“開始消滅瘧疾”,與原文相符;B選項“cureparasiticblooddiseases”意為“治療寄生蟲性血液病”,與原文不符,蘭薩羅不是治療疾病而是尋找消滅瘧疾的辦法;C選項“preventmicefromtransmittingparasites”意為“防止老鼠傳播寄生蟲”,與原文不符,原文中是蚊子不會傳播寄生蟲給老鼠;D選項“acquireimmunityagainstmalaria”意為“獲得抗瘧疾免疫力”,原文并未提及抗瘧疾免疫力。因此A選項符合題意。
第3題:判斷推理題。由Lanzaro定位到文章第二段第二句“…pointingoutthatscientistshavealreadysucceededingeneticallyengineeringmosquitoesthatcannottransmitmalariatobirdsandmice”,他指出,科學(xué)家已經(jīng)成功地對蚊子進行了基因改造,使它們不會將瘧疾傳播給鳥類和老鼠。由此可知,科學(xué)家在鳥類和老鼠身上已經(jīng)取得了成功,蚊子不會傳播寄生蟲到它們身上。A選項“naturalmosquitopopulationsdonotchange”,意為“蚊子的自然數(shù)量不會改變”,原文未提及蚊子數(shù)量的變化;B選項“scientistshavesucceededwithbirdsandmice”意為“科學(xué)家已經(jīng)在鳥類和老鼠身上取得了成功”,與原文相符;C選項“foreigngenesalwaysgowheretheyarerequired”意為“外來基因總是去需要它們的地方”,與原文不符,原文是讓外來基因進入蚊子體內(nèi);D選項“l(fā)ab-raisedmosquitoeswillnotberesistanttodrugs”意為“實驗室飼養(yǎng)的蚊子不會對藥物產(chǎn)生抗藥性”,原文并未提及實驗室蚊子的抗藥性。因此B選項符合題意。
第4題:事實細節(jié)題。由mostdifficultpart定位到文章第三段第一句“Themostdifficultpartscientifically,Lanzarosays,isfiguringouthowtogetthelab-engineeredmosquitoestospreadtheirgenesintonaturalpopulations”,蘭薩羅說,科學(xué)上最困難的部分是弄清楚如何讓實驗室改造的蚊子將它們的基因傳播到自然種群中。由此可知,將抗瘧疾基因傳播到蚊子的自然種群中是蘭薩羅面對的難題。A選項“Spreadingmalaria-resistantgenesintonaturalmosquitopopulations”,意為“將抗瘧疾基因傳播到天然蚊子種群中”,與原文相符;B選項“Raisingmalaria-resistantmosquitoes”意為“培育抗瘧疾的蚊子”,原文中實驗室已經(jīng)培育出抗瘧疾的蚊子;C選項“Makinggenesthatblockthetransmissionofmalaria”意為“制造阻止瘧疾傳播的基因”,與原文不符,原文中實驗室已經(jīng)能制造抗瘧疾的基因;D選項“Identifyingmalaria-resistantgenes”意為“識別抗瘧疾基因”,原文中實驗室可以將抗瘧疾基因插入蚊子胚胎,說明識別抗瘧疾基因不是難題。因此A選項符合題意。
第5題:判斷推理題。由afundamentalwaytowipeoutmalaria定位到文章第一段最后一句“Lanzarosayshehasabetterwaytostopthespreadofmalaria:geneticallymodifyingmosquitoessotheyareunabletocarrythedisease”,蘭薩羅說,他有一個更好的方法來阻止瘧疾的傳播:對蚊子進行基因改造,使它們無法攜帶這種疾病。由此可知,改變蚊子的基因,使它們攜帶抗瘧疾基因是阻止瘧疾傳播的有效辦法。C選項“changethegeneticmakeupofmosquitoes”意為“改變蚊子的基因組成”與原文相符。A選項“developnewmalaria-resistantdrugs”,意為“開發(fā)新的抗瘧疾藥物”,B選項“produceeffectivepesticidestokillmosquitoes”意為“生產(chǎn)有效的殺蟲劑殺死蚊子”和D選項“removepeoplefrommalaria-infectedareas”意為“將人移出瘧疾感染地區(qū)”,這三種辦法原文均沒有提及。因此C選項符合題意。
18.單選題
Ityouweretobeginanewjobtomorrow,youwouldbringwithyousomebasicstrengthsandweaknesses.Successorfailure,inyouworkwoulddepend,to(1)greatextent,onyourabilitytouseyourstrengthsandweaknessestothebestadvantage.
(2)
theutmostimportanceisyouraltitude.Apersonwhobeginsajobconvincedthatheisn’tgoingtolikeitoris
(3)
thatheisgoingtoallailisexhibitingaweaknesswhichcanonlyhinderhissuccess.Ontheotherhand,apersonwhoissecureinhisbeliefthatheisprobablyascapableofdoingtheworkasanyoneelseandwhoiswillingtomakeacheerfulattempt
(4)
itpossessesacertainstrengthofpurpose.Thechancesarethathewilldowell.
(5)theprerequisiteskillsforaparticularjobisstrength.Lackingthoseskillsisobviouslyaweakness.Abookkeeperwhocan'tadd,oracarpenterwhocan'tcutastraightlinewithasaw
(6)
hopelesscases.Thisbookhasbeendesignedtohelpyoucapitalize
(7)
thestrengthandovercometheweaknessthatyoubringtothejoboflearning.Butingroupstomeasureyourdevelopment,youmustfirst
(8)
stockofsomewhereyourstandnow.Aswegetfurtheralongmthebook,we'llbe
(9)
with,specificprocessesfordevelopingandstrengtheninglearningskills.However,tobeginwith,youshouldpausetoexamineyourpresentstrengthsandweaknessesinthreeareasthatarecriticaltoyoursuccessorfailureinschool;your
(10)
,yourreadingandcommunicationskills,and.yourstudyhabits.
問題1選項
A.a
B.the
C.some
D.certain
問題2選項
A.Outof
B.Of
C.To
D.Into
問題3選項
A.ensure
B.certain
C.sure
D.surely
問題4選項
A.near
B.on
C.by
D.at
問題5選項
A.Have
B.Had
C.Having
D.Hadbeen
問題6選項
A.being
B.been
C.are
D.is
問題7選項
A.except
B.but
C.for
D.on
問題8選項
A.make
B.take
C.do
D.give
問題9選項
A.deal
B.dealt
C.bedealt
D.dealing
問題10選項
A.intelligence
B.work
C.attitude
D.weakness
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:C
第6題:D
第7題:D
第8題:B
第9題:D
第10題:C
【解析】(1)考查固定搭配。toagreatextent為固定搭配,意為“很大程度上,非?!?。
(2)of與名詞連用,表示具有某種性質(zhì),狀態(tài),位于句首,表示強調(diào)。正常語序為:Yourattitudeisoftheutmostimportance.(beof+名詞)
(3)考查固定搭配。or后面省略了主語he,besurethat后面加從句,此處表示“或肯定不適應(yīng)這項工作”。
(4)考查固定搭配。attempt用作名詞時,意為“努力,嘗試,試圖”。makeanattemptonsth.“試圖奪取”,makeanattemptat意為“打算,試圖”。
(5)考查非謂語動詞。句子“25theprerequisiteskillsforaparticularjobisstrength.”缺少主語,have與theprerequisite之間是主動關(guān)系,故用其動名詞形式,表示“具有某一工作的必要技能是一個優(yōu)勢”。
(6)考查主謂一致。or連接兩個并列主語時,謂語動詞采用就近原則,即謂語與靠近的名詞在“人稱,數(shù)”上保持一致?!癮bookkeeper...oracarpenter”是本句的主語,因此謂語動詞用單選,選D。
(7)考查固定搭配。capitalizeon是固定搭配,意為“充分利用某事物”。
(8)考查固定搭配。takestockof是固定搭配,意為“估計,考慮”。
(9)考查時態(tài)。句子“Aswegetfurtheralongmthebook,we'llbe_____with,specificprocessesfordevelopingandstrengtheninglearningskills.(隨著我們進一步了解這本書,我們將詳細論述發(fā)展和加強學(xué)習(xí)技能的具體過程)”為將來時,因此選D。
(10)考查邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)前面的“______theutmostimportanceisyourattitude”可知此處選C,與文章前面的內(nèi)容相呼應(yīng)。
19.單選題
MissHelenalwaysbuys(
)pricedclothes.
問題1選項
A.higher
B.high
C.highest
D.highly
【答案】D
【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:海倫小姐經(jīng)常買高價的衣服。選項D符合題意。
20.單選題
Insomeways,theUnitesStateshasmadespectacularprogress.Firesnolongerdestroy18.000buildingsastheydidintheGreatChicagoFireof1871,orkillhalfatownof2,400people,astheydidthesamenightinPeshtigo,Wisconsin.OtherthantheBeverlyHillSupperClubfireinKentuckyin1977,ithasbeenfourdecadessincemorethan100Americansdiesinafire.
ButevenwithsuchsuccessestheUnitedStatesstillhasoneoftheworstfiredeathratesintheworld.Safetyexpertssaytheproblemisneithermoneynortechnology,buttheindifferenceofacountrythatjustwillnottakefiresseriouslyenough.
Americanfiredepartmentsaresomeoftheworld'sfastestandbestequipped.Theyhavetobe.TheUnitedStateshastwiceJapan’spopulati
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