生態(tài)學專業(yè)英語詞匯

1、 生態(tài)學專業(yè)詞匯absolute reproductive value 絕對生殖值abundance 多度abyssal zone 深海帶acclimation 馴化accumulation horizon 淀積層aestivation 夏眠age structure 年齡結(jié)構(gòu)age-specific life table 特定年齡生命表agroecosystem 農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)alleles 等位基因allelochemic 異種信息素/種間外激素Allens rule 阿倫法則allogenic succession 異發(fā)演替allopatric speciation 異域性物種altrui

2、sm 利他行為asexual reproduction 無性生殖association group 群叢組association table 群叢表association unit theory 群叢單位理論associations 群叢Autecology 個體生態(tài)學autogenic succession 自發(fā)演替autotrophs 自養(yǎng)生物Acid precipitation 酸沉降A(chǔ)cid rain 酸雨Agricultural eco-engineering 農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)工程Agricultural ecology, agroecology 農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)學Agricultural econ

3、omical zoning 農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟區(qū)位Agricultural resources 農(nóng)業(yè)資源Agroecosystem 農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Agroforestry 農(nóng)林業(yè)系統(tǒng)Allees principle 阿利氏群聚原則Allelochemicals 化感物質(zhì)Allelopathy 化感作用Artificial auxiliary energy 人工輔助能Artificial direct regulation 人工直接調(diào)控Artificial information flow 人工信息流Auxiliary energy 輔助能balancing selection hypothesize 平衡

4、說basal area 底面積Bergmans rule 貝格曼規(guī)律bethal zone 半深海帶biocoenosis 生物群落bioconcentration 生物濃縮biological enrichment 生物富集biomagnification 生物放大biomass 生物量biome 生物帶bionomic strategy 生態(tài)對策biosphere 生物圈Biodynamic agriculture 生物動力農(nóng)業(yè)Biogecochemical cycle 生物地球化學循環(huán)Biological agriculture 生物農(nóng)業(yè)Biological control 生物防治Bi

5、ological energy subsidies 生物輔助能Biological oxygen demand (BOD) 生化需氧量（生化耗氧量）Biomass 生物量Bionomic strategies 生態(tài)對策Biological micro-cycle 生物小循環(huán)bottle neck 瓶頸C3 plant C3植物C4 plant C4植物CAM plant CAM植物Capital flow 資金流Carrying capacity 環(huán)境容納量Chemical ecology 化學生態(tài)學Chemical oxygen demand (COD) 化學耗氧量Chinese Ecolo

6、gical Agriculture 中國生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)Climax 頂極群落Coases theory 高斯理論Coevolution 協(xié)同進化Commensalisms 偏利作用Community 群落Competition 競爭Competition exclusion principle 競爭排斥原理Components structure 組分結(jié)構(gòu)Controlled availability fertilizers, CAFs 控效肥料Crop productivity potential 作物生產(chǎn)潛力cannibalism 同種相食carnivores 食肉動物carring capac

7、ity 負荷量catastrophic 災(zāi)難性因素chamaephytes(Ch) 地上芽植物character displacement 特征替代cheliophytes 陰性植物climate climax 氣候頂級climate school 氣候?qū)W派climax community 頂級群落climax 頂級群落cline 漸變?nèi)篶losed community 封閉群落clumped 集群分布coadapted system 協(xié)同適應(yīng)系統(tǒng)coarse grained 粗粒性分布co-dynamics 相互動態(tài)co-evolution 協(xié)同進化cohort 同生群cold desert

8、 冷荒漠colonization 定居, 建群coloration 色澤communities in littoral zone 沿岸生物群落communities in the limnetic zone 湖沼帶生物群落communities in the profundal zone 深水帶生物群落Community ecology 群落生態(tài)學community matrix 群落矩陣community organization 群落組織community 群落companion species 伴生種compen-satory predation 補償性捕食competition coe

9、fficient 競爭系數(shù)competition hypothesis 競爭假說competitive exclusion 競爭排除competive lottery 抽彩式競爭conservation 保守主義者conspicuousness 顯著度constancy 恒有度contest competition 干擾競爭contest type of competition 爭奪型競爭continental rise 大陸隆continental shelf 大陸架continental slope 大陸坡convergent adaptation 趨同適應(yīng)convergent oscil

10、lation 趨同波動cost of gene recombination 基因重組價cost of mating 交配價cost of meiosis 減數(shù)分裂價courtship behavior 求偶行為coverage 蓋度crude density 原始密度cryptophytes(Cr) 隱芽植物Decomposer 分解者Desertification 土地沙漠化Detritus food chain 腐食食物鏈decomposition 分解作用delayed density dependence 延后密度制約density effect 密度效應(yīng)density ratio 密

11、度比density-dependent 密度制約density-independent 非密度制約deterministic model 決定模型detrial food chain 碎 食物鏈detritus feeder 食碎生物development 發(fā)育differential species 區(qū)別種diffuse competition 分散競爭diominant-submissive 支配從屬directional selection 定向選擇discrete generation 離散世代disruptive selection 分裂選擇disturbance climax/di

12、sclimax 偏途頂級divergent oscillation 趨異波動dominance 優(yōu)勢度dominant species 建群種dominant species 優(yōu)勢種dominant-submissive 支配從屬關(guān)系dry desert 干荒漠dynamic classification 動態(tài)分類系統(tǒng)dynamic life table 動態(tài)生命表dynamic-composite life table 動態(tài)混合生命表earth nucleus 地幔earths crust 地核Ecological amplitude 生態(tài)幅ecological density 生態(tài)密度ec

13、ological dominance 生態(tài)優(yōu)勢ecological environment 生態(tài)環(huán)境ecological equivalent 生態(tài)等值種ecological factor 生態(tài)因子ecological force 生態(tài)力ecological invasion 生態(tài)入侵ecological natality 生態(tài)出生率ecological release 生態(tài)釋放Ecology 生態(tài)學ecosystem development 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的發(fā)育Ecosystem ecology 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)生態(tài)學ecosystem 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)acetone hypothesis 生態(tài)交錯帶假說ecot

14、ype 生態(tài)型ectoderm 外溫動物edge effect 邊緣效應(yīng)etiolating phenomenon 黃化現(xiàn)象emergy 能值emigration 遷出endogenous migration 內(nèi)因性遷移endoderm 內(nèi)溫動物environment hormone 環(huán)境激素environment 環(huán)境equilibrium theory 平衡理論euphonic zone 透光帶euryecious 廣棲的euryhaline 廣鹽性的euryhydric 廣水性的euryphagic 廣食性的eurythermal 廣溫性的eurytopic species 廣適種eut

15、rophication 富營養(yǎng)化evergreen hardwood forest 常綠硬材林Evolution ecology 進化生態(tài)學evolution force 進化力exogenous migration 外因性遷移exploitive competition 利用競爭exponetial growth 指數(shù)增長Eco-economical zoning 生態(tài)經(jīng)濟區(qū)位Ecological agriculture 生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)Ecological agriculture model (pattern) 生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)模式Ecological density 生態(tài)密度Ecological eff

16、ect 生態(tài)效益Ecological efficiency 生態(tài)效率Ecological factor 生態(tài)因子Ecological engineering 生態(tài)工程Ecological pyramid 生態(tài)金字塔（生態(tài)錐體）Ecological succession 演替Ecological sustainability 生態(tài)持續(xù)性Ecology 生態(tài)學Economic effect 經(jīng)濟效益Economic externality 經(jīng)濟外部性Ecosystem 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)Ecotone 群落交錯區(qū)（生態(tài)交錯區(qū)）Ecotope 景觀元素（生態(tài)點）Ecotype 生態(tài)型Edge effect 邊

17、緣效應(yīng)Embodied energy 內(nèi)含能Emergent property of system 系統(tǒng)的整合特性Energy analysis 能流分析Energy flow chart 能流圖Energy flow path 能流路徑Energy flow structure 能流結(jié)構(gòu)Energy flowing 能量流Entropy 熵Eutrophication 富營養(yǎng)化Exponential growth form 種群指數(shù)增長模式External benefit 收益外泄External cost 成本外攤Feed back 反饋作用First law of thermodynam

18、ics 熱力學第一定律Fish pond-dike system 基塘系統(tǒng)Flow 流Food chain 食物鏈Food chain structure 食物鏈結(jié)構(gòu)Food web 食物網(wǎng)Free energy 自由能First law of resources economic 資源經(jīng)濟學第一定律Functional component adundence 功能組分冗余facultative parthenogenesis 孤雌生殖facultative parthenogenesis 兼性孤雌生殖facultative 兼性因素family selection 家庭選擇farmland

19、ecosystem 農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)fecundity schedule 生育力表fecundity 生育力feedback 反饋feeding niches 取食生態(tài)位filter food 濾食性生物fine grained 細粒性分布finite rate of increase 周限增長率fitness 合適度floristic-structural classification 植物區(qū)系結(jié)構(gòu)分類系統(tǒng)fluctuation 波動food chain 食物鏈formation group 群系組formation 群系formation 植物群系foundational niche 基礎(chǔ)生態(tài)

20、龕freshwater ecology 淡水生態(tài)學freshwater ecosystem 淡水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)function response 功能反應(yīng)gamete selection 配子選擇gaps 缺口gaseous cycle 氣體循環(huán)geng pool 基因庫geographic variation 地理變異geographical theory of speciation 物種形成geometric growth 幾何級數(shù)增長geophytes(G) 地下芽植物global ecology 全球生態(tài)gradient hypothesis 梯度假說grain 粒性grazer 牧食生物g

21、razing food chain 捕食食物鏈greenhouse effect 溫室效應(yīng)gregarization pheromone 聚集信息素gross primary production 總初級生產(chǎn)力group selection 群體選擇growth form 生長型guild 同資源團habal zone 深淵帶habitat 生境heath 石楠群叢height 高度hemicryptophytes(He) 地面芽植物herbivore 植食herbivores 植食動物heterotrophic succession 異養(yǎng)演替heterotrophs 異養(yǎng)生物hibernat

22、ion 冬眠homeostasis 內(nèi)穩(wěn)態(tài)homeostasis 自調(diào)節(jié)穩(wěn)態(tài)homeostatic organism 內(nèi)穩(wěn)態(tài)生物homeostatic process 內(nèi)穩(wěn)定過程human demography 人口統(tǒng)計學Human ecology 人類生態(tài)學humus 腐殖質(zhì)hydrarch succession 水生演替hydrosere 水生演替系列immigration 遷入importance value 重要值individual converse rate 個體轉(zhuǎn)化率industrial melanism 工業(yè)黑化現(xiàn)象inner capacity increase 內(nèi)稟增長力in

23、ner-environment 內(nèi)環(huán)境instantaneous rate of increase 瞬間增長率intensity 強度interference competition 干擾競爭interference competition 干擾競爭intermediate disturbance hypothesis 中度干擾假說internal distribution pattern 內(nèi)分布型interspecfic relationship 種間關(guān)系intertidal zone 潮間帶intraspecific relationship 種內(nèi)關(guān)系inversely density d

24、ependent 反密度制約Island ecology 島嶼生態(tài)學iteroparity 多次繁殖生物iteroparous 多次生殖Jordans rule 約丹定律keystone species 關(guān)鍵種kin selection 親屬選擇kin selection 親屬選擇k-strategists k-策略者land cover 土地覆蓋land use 土地利用Landscape ecology 景觀生態(tài)學law of constant final yield 最后產(chǎn)量衡值法則law of the minimum 最小因子法則law of tolerance 耐受性法則layer

25、層leached layer 淋溶層leaf area index 葉面積指數(shù)leaf area index（LAS） 葉面積指數(shù)lentic ecosystem 靜水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)life cycle 生活周期life expectancy 生命期望life form spectrum 生活型譜life form 生活型life history strategy 生活史對策life history 生活史lifespan 生活年限lifetime 壽命limit of tolerance 忍受性限度littoral zone 沿岸帶lotic ecosystem 流水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)macroclimat

26、e 大氣候macrofauna 大型生物Marine ecology 海洋生態(tài)學marine ecosystem 海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)maximum natality 最大出生率maximum sustained yield 最大持續(xù)生產(chǎn)量megafauna 巨型生物mexofauna 中型生物microclimate 小氣候microcolony 微菌落microcommunities 小群落micro-ecosystem 微生態(tài)系統(tǒng)micro-environment 微環(huán)境microfauna 小型生物microplankton 小型浮游生物migration 遷徙modular organism

27、 構(gòu)件生物modules 構(gòu)件Molecular ecology 分子生態(tài)學monoclimax theory 單元演替頂級monocultute 單種養(yǎng)殖monogamy 單配偶制monpohagous 單食性monsoon forest 季風林mortality curve 死亡曲線mortality 死亡率mosaic 鑲嵌性natality 出生率n-dimensional niche n 維生態(tài)龕negative feedback 負反饋net primary production(GP) 凈初級生產(chǎn)力neutrality controversy 中性說論戰(zhàn)niche compres

28、sion 生態(tài)位壓縮niche separation 生態(tài)位分離niche shift 生態(tài)位分離niche 生態(tài)位non-equilibrium theory 非平衡理論non-homeostatic organism 非內(nèi)穩(wěn)態(tài)生物obiotic component 非生物成分ocean-current 洋流ohort life table 同群生命表omnivores 雜食動物open community 開放群落open shrublands 稀疏灌叢opportunist 機會主義者ordination 排序ornamentation 修飾panclimax 泛頂級pantropica

29、l 泛熱帶區(qū)parabiosphere 副生物圈parasites 寄生生物parasitoidism 擬寄生parent material 母質(zhì)層parental care 親代關(guān)懷parental investment 親本投資patchiness 斑塊性per capita growth rate 每員增長率perclimax 前頂級peritrophic mycorrhizae 周邊營養(yǎng)性菌根phanerophytes(Ph) 厄爾尼諾 El Nino photoperiodism 光周期現(xiàn)象phyplankton 浮游植物physiognomy 外貌Physiological ecology 生理生態(tài)學physiological natality 生理出生率phytochrom 色素pioneer community 先鋒群落pjarapatric speciation 鄰域性物種plankon 浮游生物Poission distribution 泊松分布polyandry 一雌多雄制polyclimax theory 多元頂級理論polygamy 多配偶制polygyny 一雄多雌制polymorphism 多型現(xiàn)象polyphagous 多食性的Population ecology 種群生態(tài)學population 種群poros