小學(xué)語(yǔ)法反義疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句

1、反義疑問句、感嘆句、祈使句反意疑問句1反意疑問句又叫附加疑問句， 是指當(dāng)提問的人對(duì)前面所儒術(shù)的事實(shí)不敢肯定，而需要向?qū)Ψ郊右宰C實(shí)時(shí)所提出的問句。如：You have been to Beijing, haven去你tyou?過北京，不是嗎？2. 反意疑問句的兩種基本句型基本句型例句肯定陳述句+ 否定簡(jiǎn)略問句Lucy is from England, isnt she?否定陳述句+ 肯定簡(jiǎn)略問句Ann doesnt like apples, does she?注意：前一部分是一個(gè)陳述句， 后一部分是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的問句。 完成后一部分簡(jiǎn)單問句時(shí)，要根據(jù)前面陳述句的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和人稱來(lái)選擇適當(dāng)?shù)闹鷦?dòng)詞進(jìn)行提

2、問， 前后兩部分的人稱和動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)要保持一致。1. 反意疑問句用法說明(1) 簡(jiǎn)單句式結(jié)構(gòu)中反意疑問句的運(yùn)用 _x0001_ 當(dāng)陳述句部分的主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)， 反意疑問句的主語(yǔ)必須用人稱代詞來(lái)代替。如：Your brother has gone to the library, hasn t he? 當(dāng)陳述句的主語(yǔ)是指示代詞this, that 時(shí)，反意疑問句的主語(yǔ)用it 代替；指示代詞是 these, those時(shí)，反意疑問句的主語(yǔ)用they 代替。如：That isn t a useful book, is it?These are important reading materials, are

3、n這些都t是they?重要的閱讀材料，不是嗎？ 當(dāng)陳述部分是 everyone / everybody, someone / somebody, no one / nobody,none等表示人的不定代詞時(shí)， 反意疑問句部分的主語(yǔ)多用they (但有時(shí)也可用 he)；當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是everything, anything, something, nothing 等表示物的不定代詞時(shí)，反意疑問句部分的主語(yǔ)用it 。如：Nobody came when I was out, did they? 我在外時(shí)，沒人來(lái)過，是嗎？Everything has gone wrong, hasn今天t什it

4、?么都出問題了，是不是？ 當(dāng)陳述部分是 “ therebe + 主語(yǔ) + 其他 ”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，反意疑問句部分要用“ be第1頁(yè)共13頁(yè)(not) + there 結(jié)構(gòu)”。如：There are some bananas in the basket, aren t there? 當(dāng)陳述部分有 hardly (幾乎不 ), seldom (很少 ), few ( 少，幾乎無(wú)，修飾可數(shù)名詞 ), little ( 很少，幾乎無(wú)，修飾不可數(shù)名詞), no, never ( 從不 ), nothing, nobody,nowhere 等否定詞或半否定詞時(shí)，反意疑問句部分要用肯定形式。如：He hardly

5、remembers his old friend s name, does he? 如果陳述句部分有單詞帶否定前綴或后綴時(shí)，反意疑問句部分仍用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。如：It s impossible for him to make such a mistake, isn他不可能犯這t樣it?的錯(cuò)誤，不是嗎？(2) 復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)中反意疑問句的運(yùn)用 一般情況下，陳述句部分是主從復(fù)合句時(shí)， 反意疑問句部分的代詞和助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與主句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致。如：This is the second time that he has been to Japan, isn這是他第二次去tit?日本，不是嗎？ 在賓語(yǔ)從句中，如

6、果陳述句部分是 “I think (believe, suppose, imagine, expect等)+ 賓語(yǔ)從句 ”，反意疑問句部分應(yīng)與賓語(yǔ)從句的主謂保持一致，并要注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移。如：I don t think you have heard of him before, have you?我認(rèn)為你以前沒有聽說過他，是嗎？注：當(dāng) think 等這些動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)不是第一人稱，或主語(yǔ)是第一人稱， 而動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不是一般現(xiàn)時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)，這時(shí)，反意疑問句的助動(dòng)詞和人稱代詞要與主句保持一致。如：Mary thinks you will come to the party, doesn t she? 當(dāng)陳述

7、句部分為主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，反意疑問句的主語(yǔ)用it 。如：That she didn t pass the entrance exam made his parents very angry, didn他沒有通過入學(xué)考試使得他的父母十分生氣，不是嗎？第2頁(yè)共13頁(yè)(3) 祈使句結(jié)構(gòu)中反意疑問句的運(yùn)用祈使句反意疑問句的構(gòu)成，必須按其句子結(jié)構(gòu)及講話人的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)決定其反意部分，有四種形式。祈使句的肯定形式，疑問部分用will you 或 wont you皆可。如：Be sure to write to us, will you? 一定要給我們寫信，好嗎？Come to have dinner with us

8、this evening, won今晚跟tyou?我們一起來(lái)吃飯，好嗎？ 祈使的否定形式，其反意疑問句通常只用will you 構(gòu)成。如：Don t smoke in the meeting room, will you? Let 開關(guān)的祈使句，構(gòu)成反意疑問句時(shí)，let s用shall we 構(gòu)成反意疑問句，其他均用 will you 。如：Let s take a walk after supper, shall we?晚飯后，我們?nèi)ド⒉?，好嗎?表建議 )Let the boy go first, will you? 讓那男孩先走，好嗎？Let us know your address,

9、will you? 請(qǐng)把你的地址告訴我們， 好嗎？(表請(qǐng)求) 當(dāng)陳述部分含有 used to (過去常常 )時(shí)，附加問句部分的謂語(yǔ)可用 use(d)n t 或 didn t.一、選擇。1.The bus is always late,_?A. is not itB. isn t itC. isn t the bus D. doesn t it2.The boy can read and write,_?A. can t heB. doesn t he C. do himD. can he3.Let s have a rest, _ ?A. will youB. won t youC. shal

10、l weD. shall you4.There is a little water in the bottle,_?A. is thereB. isn t there C. is itD. isn t it5.Nobody would agree with this plan,_?A. did theyB. would theyC. didn t theyD. wouldn t they第3頁(yè)共13頁(yè)6. Let us know your new address,_?A. shall weB. will youC. won t youD. will we7. I don t suppose h

11、e will come,_?A. do IB. will heC. won t heD. don t I8. Don t smoke here, _?A. do youB. will theyC. won t you D.will you9. There is nothing wrong with your computer,_?A. isn t there B. is itC. is there D. isn t it10.You can hardly see anything in the dark room, _?A. can t youB. can youC. don t youD.

12、do you11Something is wrong with my computer, _?12.Everything goes well, _?13.I think he s wrong, _?A. do I B. is heC. isn t he D.is he14.I don t believe he will come, _?A. will heB. won t he C. do ID. don t I15.Don t forget to put the book back on the shelf, _?A. do youB. don t youC. will youD. won

13、t you二、填空。1. It s Wednesday today, _ it?2. They go to school by bus, _ ?3. He got the first prize, _?4. The bus wasn t late yesterday, _?5. May doesn t come to the party, _?6. You didn t spend your summer holiday in Beijing last year, _?7. Stop talking, _?8. Don t be late again, _?9. Let s go to sch

14、ool by bus, _?10. Let us wait until 5:00,_?第4頁(yè)共13頁(yè)感嘆句英語(yǔ)感嘆句一般由what/how 引導(dǎo)，具體句型如下：1） What + a / an 形容詞 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)主 謂 ···！What a fine day it is today !What an honest man his father is !2） What 形容詞 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 主 謂 ···！What tall trees they are !What good students the boys are !3） Wha

15、t 形容詞 不可數(shù)名詞 主 謂 ···！What cold water it is !What delicious milk it is !2. how + adj./adv.（+主語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ)）！e.g： How careless she is!(She is very careless.)How fast he runs!(He runs very fast.)How cold it is today !How clever the boy is !3 How + 形容詞 a / an + 名詞 主 謂 ···！How clever

16、 a boy he is !How funny an elephant it is !注意： 3.what +a/an + adj. + 單數(shù)名詞 =how + adj. + a/an + 單數(shù)名詞e.g： What a wonderful surprise it is!=How wonderful a surprise it is!What an intelligent boy he is!=How intelligent a boy he is!記憶口訣 : 感嘆句往后看，形容詞后是名單，就用what a 或 what an第5頁(yè)共13頁(yè)形后若是不可數(shù)或名復(fù)數(shù)，只用what 就可以形容詞后

17、亂糟糟，只寫how 就 OK 了Exercises:一、填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列感嘆句。1)._ difficult homework we had yesterday!2)._cute dog it is!3)._ interesting the story is!4)._ bad the weather in England is!5)._ honest boy Tom is！6)._ tasty smell the cake gave off!7)._ good time we had on the beach yesterday!8)._ exciting news you've

18、brought us!9)._cool your new car is!10)._ scary these tigers are!二、選擇填空。1._ fast the boy ran!A. HowB. How anC. WhatD. What an2._ well you sing but _ badly he dances!A. How, howB. What, whatC. How, whatD. What, how3._ delicious the soup is! I d like some more.A. HowB. How anC. WhatD. What an4._ fools

19、 they were! They believed what the man said.A. HowB. How anC. WhatD. What an5._ foolish they were! They believed what the man said.A. HowB. How anC. WhatD. What an6._ difficult questions they are! I can t answer them.A. HowB. How anC. WhatD. What an第6頁(yè)共13頁(yè)7. I miss my friend very much. _ I want to s

20、ee her!A. HowB. How anC. WhatD. What an8. _ lovely weather we are having these days!A. HowB. How anC. WhatD. What an9. _ beautiful your new dress is!A. HowB. How anC. WhatD. What an10. _ interesting work it is to teach children!A. HowB. How anC. WhatD. What an11. _ fine the weather is !A. What aB. W

21、hatC. HowD. How aA. _ exciting film we saw yesterday !A. What aB. How aC. How anD. What an1. _ great fun they had !A. What aB. WhatC. HowD. How a14. _ heavy rain it was !A. What aB. WhatC. HowD. How a15. _ fun place to go Shanghai is !A. What aB. WhatC. HowD. How a16. _ happy life the old live!1.Wha

22、t aB. WhatC. HowD. How a17. _ nice fish they cooked !A. What aB. WhatC. HowD. How a18. _ blue the sky is!A. What aB. WhatC. HowD. How a19. _ dangerous the animals are !A. What aB. WhatC. HowD. How a第7頁(yè)共13頁(yè)20. _ good time we are having ! A. What aB. WhatC. HowD. How a三、所給句子填空，使填空句變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的感嘆句：1. The boy

23、swam very fast（.同義句）_ _ the boy swam!2. The school trip is very exciting. （同義句）_ _ the school trip is!3. Hei Longjiang looks very beautiful in winter. （同義句）_ _ Hei Longjiang looks in winter!4. It is a very useful dictionary. （同義句）_ _ _ dictionary it is!_ _ _ dictionary is!5. The students are listeni

24、ng very carefully._ _ the students are listening!四、將下面句子改為感嘆句：1.He is a very good boy.2.He came to school very early this morning.3.It's exciting news.4.We have very wonderful story-books.5.Tom will buy a new bicycle.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換：1.What a small egg she has!= _ _ _ _ she has!2.How beautiful a car!=_ _ _

25、 _!第8頁(yè)共13頁(yè)祈使句一.祈使句的句式特征祈使句常常是表達(dá)說話人對(duì)對(duì)方的勸告、叮囑、請(qǐng)求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般沒有主語(yǔ)，但根據(jù)其句意，實(shí)際上是省略了主語(yǔ) you。祈使句句末用感嘆號(hào)或句號(hào)，朗讀時(shí)，常用降調(diào)。在表達(dá)請(qǐng)求或勸告時(shí)，在祈使句前或句末可加上 please，以使句子的語(yǔ)氣更加緩和或客氣。祈使句一般沒有時(shí)態(tài)的變化，也不能與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。例如：Keep off the grass!勿踩草地！Put the boxes in the small room把.那些盒子放到那個(gè)小房間里。二 .祈使句的肯定句式祈使句的肯定句式一般分為以下三種類型：1.行為動(dòng)詞原形其它成分。例如：Make

26、sentences after the model根.據(jù)例句造句。2. Be 動(dòng)詞其它成分 (形容詞、名詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等 )。例如：Be careful when crossing the street過.馬路時(shí)要小心。3. Let賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形其它成分。例如：Let him go back now.讓他現(xiàn)在回去吧。三.祈使句的否定句式第9頁(yè)共13頁(yè)祈使句的否定句式，通常情況下在句首加上Don't 或 Never，一般分為以下四種類型：1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don't，構(gòu)成 Don't行為動(dòng)詞原形其它成分 。例如：Don't say that again!別再那

27、樣說了！2.在 Be 動(dòng)詞引起的肯定祈使句前加Don't，構(gòu)成 Don't be其它成分 (形容詞、名詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等 )。例如： Don't be careless不.要粗心。注意：在這種句型中be 不能省略；否定副詞not 不可置于 be 之后。3. Let 引起的祈使句的否定形式有兩種： (1)Let 開頭的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人稱名詞或代詞的賓格， 可在 Let 前加 Don't，也可在 Let 后賓格的名詞或代詞后面加 not。(2)如果以 Let's 開頭的祈使句，必須在 Let's 后加 not。例如： Don't l

28、et me go with her tomorrow. Let me not go with her tomorrow.不要讓我明天跟她一起去。Let's not tell her the truth whenever we meet her無(wú).論什么時(shí)候我們碰到她，都不要告訴她真相。4.在公共場(chǎng)合的提示語(yǔ)中，否定祈使句常用No名詞 /V-ing 形式結(jié)構(gòu)，表示禁止做某事。例如：NO PHOTOS!禁止拍照！四.祈使句的反意問句祈使句的反意疑問句須按其句子結(jié)構(gòu)及講話人的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)決定其疑問部分。 通常有以下三種形式：1.祈使句為肯定句式，其反意疑問句表示請(qǐng)求時(shí)，通常用will you ；表

29、示邀請(qǐng)、勸說時(shí)，用won't you。例如：第 10頁(yè)共 13頁(yè)Be sure to write to us, will you?你一定要給我們寫信，好嗎？Come to have dinner with us this evening, won't you?今晚來(lái)和我們一起吃飯，好嗎？2.祈使句為否定句式，其反意疑問句通常只用will you 。例如：Don't smoke in the meeting room, will you?不要在會(huì)議室抽煙，好嗎？3. Let 開頭的祈使句構(gòu)成反意疑問句時(shí)，除Let's 用 shall we 外，其它均用will y

30、ou 。例如：Let the boy go first, will you? 讓個(gè)那男孩先走，好嗎？Let's take a walk after supper, shall we?晚飯后我們?nèi)ド⒉剑脝?？?祈使句的回答祈使句的動(dòng)作通常是表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以回答祈使句時(shí)，一般用 will 或 won't。在回答具有否定意義的祈使句時(shí)，要注意兩點(diǎn)：一是形式一致，即 Yes 與 will 保持一致； No 與 won't 保持一致。二是意思相反，即 Yes 是不的意思； No 是是的意思。在回答時(shí)，要注意分析上下文語(yǔ)境中所提供的條件。例如：- Don't go

31、 out, please. It's raining heavily outside請(qǐng).不要出去。外面雨下得很大。- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.不行，我得去機(jī)場(chǎng)接我弟弟。第 11頁(yè)共 13頁(yè)練習(xí)：一、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. _ (not, be )late.2. _ (dust) the dressing table.3. _ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food.4. _ ( not, talk) and _ (read) a book.5. _ (not,drop) the nice vase, Sam.6. _ (look) out! A car is coming.7. _ (give) us ten years and just see wh