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1、反義疑問句、感嘆句、祈使句反意疑問句1反意疑問句又叫附加疑問句, 是指當(dāng)提問的人對(duì)前面所儒術(shù)的事實(shí)不敢肯定,而需要向?qū)Ψ郊右宰C實(shí)時(shí)所提出的問句。如:You have been to Beijing, haven去你tyou?過北京,不是嗎?2. 反意疑問句的兩種基本句型基本句型例句肯定陳述句+ 否定簡(jiǎn)略問句Lucy is from England, isnt she?否定陳述句+ 肯定簡(jiǎn)略問句Ann doesnt like apples, does she?注意:前一部分是一個(gè)陳述句, 后一部分是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的問句。 完成后一部分簡(jiǎn)單問句時(shí),要根據(jù)前面陳述句的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和人稱來(lái)選擇適當(dāng)?shù)闹鷦?dòng)詞進(jìn)行提

2、問, 前后兩部分的人稱和動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)要保持一致。1. 反意疑問句用法說明(1) 簡(jiǎn)單句式結(jié)構(gòu)中反意疑問句的運(yùn)用 _x0001_ 當(dāng)陳述句部分的主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí), 反意疑問句的主語(yǔ)必須用人稱代詞來(lái)代替。如:Your brother has gone to the library, hasn t he? 當(dāng)陳述句的主語(yǔ)是指示代詞this, that 時(shí),反意疑問句的主語(yǔ)用it 代替;指示代詞是 these, those時(shí),反意疑問句的主語(yǔ)用they 代替。如:That isn t a useful book, is it?These are important reading materials, are

3、n這些都t是they?重要的閱讀材料,不是嗎? 當(dāng)陳述部分是 everyone / everybody, someone / somebody, no one / nobody,none等表示人的不定代詞時(shí), 反意疑問句部分的主語(yǔ)多用they (但有時(shí)也可用 he);當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是everything, anything, something, nothing 等表示物的不定代詞時(shí),反意疑問句部分的主語(yǔ)用it 。如:Nobody came when I was out, did they? 我在外時(shí),沒人來(lái)過,是嗎?Everything has gone wrong, hasn今天t什it

4、?么都出問題了,是不是? 當(dāng)陳述部分是 “ therebe + 主語(yǔ) + 其他 ”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),反意疑問句部分要用“ be第1頁(yè)共13頁(yè)(not) + there 結(jié)構(gòu)”。如:There are some bananas in the basket, aren t there? 當(dāng)陳述部分有 hardly (幾乎不 ), seldom (很少 ), few ( 少,幾乎無(wú),修飾可數(shù)名詞 ), little ( 很少,幾乎無(wú),修飾不可數(shù)名詞), no, never ( 從不 ), nothing, nobody,nowhere 等否定詞或半否定詞時(shí),反意疑問句部分要用肯定形式。如:He hardly

5、remembers his old friend s name, does he? 如果陳述句部分有單詞帶否定前綴或后綴時(shí),反意疑問句部分仍用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。如:It s impossible for him to make such a mistake, isn他不可能犯這t樣it?的錯(cuò)誤,不是嗎?(2) 復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)中反意疑問句的運(yùn)用 一般情況下,陳述句部分是主從復(fù)合句時(shí), 反意疑問句部分的代詞和助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與主句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致。如:This is the second time that he has been to Japan, isn這是他第二次去tit?日本,不是嗎? 在賓語(yǔ)從句中,如

6、果陳述句部分是 “I think (believe, suppose, imagine, expect等)+ 賓語(yǔ)從句 ”,反意疑問句部分應(yīng)與賓語(yǔ)從句的主謂保持一致,并要注意否定轉(zhuǎn)移。如:I don t think you have heard of him before, have you?我認(rèn)為你以前沒有聽說過他,是嗎?注:當(dāng) think 等這些動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)不是第一人稱,或主語(yǔ)是第一人稱, 而動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不是一般現(xiàn)時(shí)或一般過去時(shí),這時(shí),反意疑問句的助動(dòng)詞和人稱代詞要與主句保持一致。如:Mary thinks you will come to the party, doesn t she? 當(dāng)陳述

7、句部分為主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),反意疑問句的主語(yǔ)用it 。如:That she didn t pass the entrance exam made his parents very angry, didn他沒有通過入學(xué)考試使得他的父母十分生氣,不是嗎?第2頁(yè)共13頁(yè)(3) 祈使句結(jié)構(gòu)中反意疑問句的運(yùn)用祈使句反意疑問句的構(gòu)成,必須按其句子結(jié)構(gòu)及講話人的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)決定其反意部分,有四種形式。祈使句的肯定形式,疑問部分用will you 或 wont you皆可。如:Be sure to write to us, will you? 一定要給我們寫信,好嗎?Come to have dinner with us

8、this evening, won今晚跟tyou?我們一起來(lái)吃飯,好嗎? 祈使的否定形式,其反意疑問句通常只用will you 構(gòu)成。如:Don t smoke in the meeting room, will you? Let 開關(guān)的祈使句,構(gòu)成反意疑問句時(shí),let s用shall we 構(gòu)成反意疑問句,其他均用 will you 。如:Let s take a walk after supper, shall we?晚飯后,我們?nèi)ド⒉?,好嗎?表建議 )Let the boy go first, will you? 讓那男孩先走,好嗎?Let us know your address,

9、will you? 請(qǐng)把你的地址告訴我們, 好嗎?(表請(qǐng)求) 當(dāng)陳述部分含有 used to (過去常常 )時(shí),附加問句部分的謂語(yǔ)可用 use(d)n t 或 didn t.一、選擇。1.The bus is always late,_?A. is not itB. isn t itC. isn t the bus D. doesn t it2.The boy can read and write,_?A. can t heB. doesn t he C. do himD. can he3.Let s have a rest, _ ?A. will youB. won t youC. shal

10、l weD. shall you4.There is a little water in the bottle,_?A. is thereB. isn t there C. is itD. isn t it5.Nobody would agree with this plan,_?A. did theyB. would theyC. didn t theyD. wouldn t they第3頁(yè)共13頁(yè)6. Let us know your new address,_?A. shall weB. will youC. won t youD. will we7. I don t suppose h

11、e will come,_?A. do IB. will heC. won t heD. don t I8. Don t smoke here, _?A. do youB. will theyC. won t you D.will you9. There is nothing wrong with your computer,_?A. isn t there B. is itC. is there D. isn t it10.You can hardly see anything in the dark room, _?A. can t youB. can youC. don t youD.

12、do you11Something is wrong with my computer, _?12.Everything goes well, _?13.I think he s wrong, _?A. do I B. is heC. isn t he D.is he14.I don t believe he will come, _?A. will heB. won t he C. do ID. don t I15.Don t forget to put the book back on the shelf, _?A. do youB. don t youC. will youD. won

13、t you二、填空。1. It s Wednesday today, _ it?2. They go to school by bus, _ ?3. He got the first prize, _?4. The bus wasn t late yesterday, _?5. May doesn t come to the party, _?6. You didn t spend your summer holiday in Beijing last year, _?7. Stop talking, _?8. Don t be late again, _?9. Let s go to sch

14、ool by bus, _?10. Let us wait until 5:00,_?第4頁(yè)共13頁(yè)感嘆句英語(yǔ)感嘆句一般由what/how 引導(dǎo),具體句型如下:1) What + a / an 形容詞 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)主 謂 ···!What a fine day it is today !What an honest man his father is !2) What 形容詞 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 主 謂 ···!What tall trees they are !What good students the boys are !3) Wha

15、t 形容詞 不可數(shù)名詞 主 謂 ···!What cold water it is !What delicious milk it is !2. how + adj./adv.(+主語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ))!e.g: How careless she is!(She is very careless.)How fast he runs!(He runs very fast.)How cold it is today !How clever the boy is !3 How + 形容詞 a / an + 名詞 主 謂 ···!How clever

16、 a boy he is !How funny an elephant it is !注意: 3.what +a/an + adj. + 單數(shù)名詞 =how + adj. + a/an + 單數(shù)名詞e.g: What a wonderful surprise it is!=How wonderful a surprise it is!What an intelligent boy he is!=How intelligent a boy he is!記憶口訣 : 感嘆句往后看,形容詞后是名單,就用what a 或 what an第5頁(yè)共13頁(yè)形后若是不可數(shù)或名復(fù)數(shù),只用what 就可以形容詞后

17、亂糟糟,只寫how 就 OK 了Exercises:一、填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列感嘆句。1)._ difficult homework we had yesterday!2)._cute dog it is!3)._ interesting the story is!4)._ bad the weather in England is!5)._ honest boy Tom is!6)._ tasty smell the cake gave off!7)._ good time we had on the beach yesterday!8)._ exciting news you've

18、brought us!9)._cool your new car is!10)._ scary these tigers are!二、選擇填空。1._ fast the boy ran!A. HowB. How anC. WhatD. What an2._ well you sing but _ badly he dances!A. How, howB. What, whatC. How, whatD. What, how3._ delicious the soup is! I d like some more.A. HowB. How anC. WhatD. What an4._ fools

19、 they were! They believed what the man said.A. HowB. How anC. WhatD. What an5._ foolish they were! They believed what the man said.A. HowB. How anC. WhatD. What an6._ difficult questions they are! I can t answer them.A. HowB. How anC. WhatD. What an第6頁(yè)共13頁(yè)7. I miss my friend very much. _ I want to s

20、ee her!A. HowB. How anC. WhatD. What an8. _ lovely weather we are having these days!A. HowB. How anC. WhatD. What an9. _ beautiful your new dress is!A. HowB. How anC. WhatD. What an10. _ interesting work it is to teach children!A. HowB. How anC. WhatD. What an11. _ fine the weather is !A. What aB. W

21、hatC. HowD. How aA. _ exciting film we saw yesterday !A. What aB. How aC. How anD. What an1. _ great fun they had !A. What aB. WhatC. HowD. How a14. _ heavy rain it was !A. What aB. WhatC. HowD. How a15. _ fun place to go Shanghai is !A. What aB. WhatC. HowD. How a16. _ happy life the old live!1.Wha

22、t aB. WhatC. HowD. How a17. _ nice fish they cooked !A. What aB. WhatC. HowD. How a18. _ blue the sky is!A. What aB. WhatC. HowD. How a19. _ dangerous the animals are !A. What aB. WhatC. HowD. How a第7頁(yè)共13頁(yè)20. _ good time we are having ! A. What aB. WhatC. HowD. How a三、所給句子填空,使填空句變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的感嘆句:1. The boy

23、swam very fast(.同義句)_ _ the boy swam!2. The school trip is very exciting. (同義句)_ _ the school trip is!3. Hei Longjiang looks very beautiful in winter. (同義句)_ _ Hei Longjiang looks in winter!4. It is a very useful dictionary. (同義句)_ _ _ dictionary it is!_ _ _ dictionary is!5. The students are listeni

24、ng very carefully._ _ the students are listening!四、將下面句子改為感嘆句:1.He is a very good boy.2.He came to school very early this morning.3.It's exciting news.4.We have very wonderful story-books.5.Tom will buy a new bicycle.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換:1.What a small egg she has!= _ _ _ _ she has!2.How beautiful a car!=_ _ _

25、 _!第8頁(yè)共13頁(yè)祈使句一.祈使句的句式特征祈使句常常是表達(dá)說話人對(duì)對(duì)方的勸告、叮囑、請(qǐng)求或命令等。因此,祈使句中一般沒有主語(yǔ),但根據(jù)其句意,實(shí)際上是省略了主語(yǔ) you。祈使句句末用感嘆號(hào)或句號(hào),朗讀時(shí),常用降調(diào)。在表達(dá)請(qǐng)求或勸告時(shí),在祈使句前或句末可加上 please,以使句子的語(yǔ)氣更加緩和或客氣。祈使句一般沒有時(shí)態(tài)的變化,也不能與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。例如:Keep off the grass!勿踩草地!Put the boxes in the small room把.那些盒子放到那個(gè)小房間里。二 .祈使句的肯定句式祈使句的肯定句式一般分為以下三種類型:1.行為動(dòng)詞原形其它成分。例如:Make

26、sentences after the model根.據(jù)例句造句。2. Be 動(dòng)詞其它成分 (形容詞、名詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等 )。例如:Be careful when crossing the street過.馬路時(shí)要小心。3. Let賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形其它成分。例如:Let him go back now.讓他現(xiàn)在回去吧。三.祈使句的否定句式第9頁(yè)共13頁(yè)祈使句的否定句式,通常情況下在句首加上Don't 或 Never,一般分為以下四種類型:1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don't,構(gòu)成 Don't行為動(dòng)詞原形其它成分 。例如:Don't say that again!別再那

27、樣說了!2.在 Be 動(dòng)詞引起的肯定祈使句前加Don't,構(gòu)成 Don't be其它成分 (形容詞、名詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等 )。例如: Don't be careless不.要粗心。注意:在這種句型中be 不能省略;否定副詞not 不可置于 be 之后。3. Let 引起的祈使句的否定形式有兩種: (1)Let 開頭的祈使句,如果后面跟第一、第三人稱名詞或代詞的賓格, 可在 Let 前加 Don't,也可在 Let 后賓格的名詞或代詞后面加 not。(2)如果以 Let's 開頭的祈使句,必須在 Let's 后加 not。例如: Don't l

28、et me go with her tomorrow. Let me not go with her tomorrow.不要讓我明天跟她一起去。Let's not tell her the truth whenever we meet her無(wú).論什么時(shí)候我們碰到她,都不要告訴她真相。4.在公共場(chǎng)合的提示語(yǔ)中,否定祈使句常用No名詞 /V-ing 形式結(jié)構(gòu),表示禁止做某事。例如:NO PHOTOS!禁止拍照!四.祈使句的反意問句祈使句的反意疑問句須按其句子結(jié)構(gòu)及講話人的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)決定其疑問部分。 通常有以下三種形式:1.祈使句為肯定句式,其反意疑問句表示請(qǐng)求時(shí),通常用will you ;表

29、示邀請(qǐng)、勸說時(shí),用won't you。例如:第 10頁(yè)共 13頁(yè)Be sure to write to us, will you?你一定要給我們寫信,好嗎?Come to have dinner with us this evening, won't you?今晚來(lái)和我們一起吃飯,好嗎?2.祈使句為否定句式,其反意疑問句通常只用will you 。例如:Don't smoke in the meeting room, will you?不要在會(huì)議室抽煙,好嗎?3. Let 開頭的祈使句構(gòu)成反意疑問句時(shí),除Let's 用 shall we 外,其它均用will y

30、ou 。例如:Let the boy go first, will you? 讓個(gè)那男孩先走,好嗎?Let's take a walk after supper, shall we?晚飯后我們?nèi)ド⒉剑脝???祈使句的回答祈使句的動(dòng)作通常是表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,所以回答祈使句時(shí),一般用 will 或 won't。在回答具有否定意義的祈使句時(shí),要注意兩點(diǎn):一是形式一致,即 Yes 與 will 保持一致; No 與 won't 保持一致。二是意思相反,即 Yes 是不的意思; No 是是的意思。在回答時(shí),要注意分析上下文語(yǔ)境中所提供的條件。例如:- Don't go

31、 out, please. It's raining heavily outside請(qǐng).不要出去。外面雨下得很大。- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.不行,我得去機(jī)場(chǎng)接我弟弟。第 11頁(yè)共 13頁(yè)練習(xí):一、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. _ (not, be )late.2. _ (dust) the dressing table.3. _ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food.4. _ ( not, talk) and _ (read) a book.5. _ (not,drop) the nice vase, Sam.6. _ (look) out! A car is coming.7. _ (give) us ten years and just see wh

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