動名詞作表語定語賓語補足語

1、Book 4 Unit 3 Grammar動詞-ing作表語、定語、賓語補足語一、 動詞-ing作表語動詞-ing作表語，一般表示比較抽象的、習(xí)慣性的、經(jīng)常性的動作，或表示主語的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài)。Her hobby is painting. 她的業(yè)余愛好是畫畫。My job is looking after the children. 我的工作就是照顧這些孩子。The film is quite moving. 這電影很感人。常用來作表語的動詞-ing有：astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, i

2、nspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。二、 動詞-ing作定語1. 單個動詞的-ing形式作定語位于被修飾名詞的前面，既可以表示被修飾者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修飾者的動作或狀態(tài)。如：drinking water 飲用水 a walking stick 手杖a reading room 閱覽室 a writing desk 寫字臺2. -ing形式短語作定語時, 放在所修飾的名詞之后, 并且在意思上相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。如：They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived i

3、n a room that faces the street. 他們住在一間面朝街的房子。The man standing there is Peters father. = The man who is standing there is Peters father. 站在那兒的那個人是彼得的父親。3. -ing形式短語也可以用作非限制定語，相當(dāng)于一個非限制性定語從句，這時，它與句子其他部分用逗號分開。如：His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teache

4、r, lives in Beijing. 他那個當(dāng)教師的哥哥住在北京。The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. = The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. 那棵蘋果樹碩果累累，在微風(fēng)中輕輕搖曳。三、 動詞-ing作賓語補足語1. 動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語常放在賓語后面，表示一個正在進行的主動性的動作，強調(diào)一個過程或一種狀態(tài)。如：When we returned to

5、the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 當(dāng)我們回到學(xué)校時, 發(fā)現(xiàn)一個陌生人站在大門口。We found the snake eating the eggs. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)蛇正在吃雞蛋。I found a bag lying on the ground. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)地板上放著一個包。The boss kept the workers working the whole night. 那老板讓工人整夜地工作。2. 當(dāng)主動句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動結(jié)構(gòu)時, 原來作賓語補足語的動詞-ing形式便轉(zhuǎn)換為主語補足語。They found the res

6、ult very satisfying. = The result is found very satisfying.這個結(jié)果很令人滿意。They heard him singing in the next room. = He was heard singing in the next room. 有人聽到他在隔壁房間唱歌。We mustnt keep them waiting. = They mustnt be kept waiting. 千萬不能讓他們等。3. 能用-ing形式作賓語補足語的幾類動詞:1) 表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞，常見的有see, hear, feel, smell,

7、find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。如：We saw a light burning in the window. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. Can you smell anything burning?As he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously.Listen to the birds singing. I didnt notice him waiting. 2) 表示指使意義的動詞，常見的有have, se

8、t, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：I wont have you doing that. This set me thinking.Im sorry to have kept you waiting. I cant get the clock going again.You wont catch me doing that again. 4. see, hear, feel, watch等動詞之后用-ing形式和動詞不定式作賓語補足語的區(qū)別：1）前者表示動作正在進行，后者表示動作從開始到結(jié)束的全過程。如:We passed by the classmates and

9、saw the teacher making the experiment.我們走過教室，看見老師正在做實驗。（只在走過教室的剎那間，看見老師正在做實驗）We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment. 我們坐了一個小時，看老師做實驗。（一個小時之內(nèi)一直在看老師作實驗）2）如果賓語補足語是短暫性動詞，動詞不定式短語表示一次動作，而-ing形式則表示反復(fù)動作。如：We heard the door slam. (一次動作) We heard the door slamming. (反復(fù)動作)1. Dont leave the

10、water _ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 2. Tell Mary that theres someone _ for her at the door.A. waiting B. waited C. waits D. to wait3. The _ waiter came up to us and said, “You are welcome.”A. smiling B. smiled C. smile D. to smile4. A phone call sent him _ to

11、 the hospital.A. hurry B. hurrying C. to hurryD. hurried5. Do you know the boy _ under the big tree? A. lay . lain C. laying D. lying 6. There are lots of places of interest _ in our city.A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired7. The drunken husband knock

12、ed against the table and sent the bowls _ in all directions before he was sent _ by his wife.A. flying; to sleep B. flying; sleeping C. to fly; to sleeping D. to fly; to sleep8. When we got back from the cinema, we found the lamp _ but the door _.A. being on; shut B. burning; shutting C. burning; sh

13、ut D. on; shutting9. As is known to us all, traveling is _, but we often feel _ when we are back from travels.A. interesting; tired B. interested; tiring C. interesting; tiring D. interested; tired10. The woman found it no good _ her daughter too much money.A. giving B. being given C. given D. gave1

14、1. As the stone was too heavy to move, I left it _on the ground.A. laying B. lay C. lying D. lain12. Johns bad habit is _ without thorough understanding.A. read B. being read C. to be read D. reading13. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert. A. covering    B.

15、 covered          C. cover              D. to cover14. Dont respond to any e-mails _ personal information, no matter how official they look.A. searching     B. asking 

16、60;       C. requesting        D. questioning15. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, _ in the natural light during the day.A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let 16. I smell something _ in the ki

17、tchen. Can I call you back in a minute? A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt17. Though I have often heard this song _, I have never heard you _ it.A. being sung; sang B. sang; singing C. sung; sing D. to be sung; to sing18. It was so cold that they kept the fire _ all night.A. to burn B

18、. burn C. burning D. burned19. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be puttingC. to putD. putting20. Did you meet anyone _ at the party?No, in fact, I found the party rather _.A. interesting; boring B. interested; boringC. interesting; bored D. in

19、terested; bored21. The salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off.A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing22. Dont leave the water_ while you brush your teeth.A. run B. running C. being run D. to run23. The _ boy was last seen _ near the East Lake.A. missing; playing B. mi

20、ssing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play24. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked25. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. putB. to be putting C. to put D. putting26. The manager,

21、_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us, left the meeting room. A. who has madeB. having made C. made D. making27. Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I almost break down.A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled28. Peter received a let

22、ter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon. A. said B. say C. saying D. to say29. I smell something _ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt 30. It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. A. interested; inte

23、rest B. interesting; be interestedC. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest1. Not (know) his address, I couldnt go to see him yesterday.2. Look out for cars when (cross) the street.3. He dived into the water, (leave) only his face exposed.4. (take) a deep breath, they dived into the wat

24、er.5. (close) the windows and the door, the students left the room.6. Not (see) the film, I cant tell you what I think of it.7. The man (work) for extra hours got an extra pay.8. (knock) at the door before entering, please.9. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students (study) Chinese in th

25、e school, most of whom were from Germany.10. The question (discuss) at present has something important to do with our daily life.1. Tell Mary that theres someone A for her at the door. A. waiting B. waited C. waits D. to wait2. The A waiter came up to us and said, “You are welcome.” A. smiling B. sm

26、iled C. smile D. to smile3. On festivals, the traffic police worked hard to keep the traffic B smoothly. A. run B. running C. to run D. being run4. Do you know the boy D under the big tree? A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying 5. I can hardly imagine Peter C across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. s

27、ail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed 6. There are lots of places of interest D in our city.  A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired7. There were some boys D near the window, so I couldnt fall asleep. A. to shout B. shouted C. shout D. shoutin

28、g 8. As is known to us all, traveling is A , but we often feel _ when we are back from travels.A. interesting; tired B. interested; tiring C. interesting; tiring D. interested; tired9. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English C much A. speak B. speaking C. spoke D. to spea

29、k10. As the stone was too heavy to move, I left it C on the ground.  A. laying B. lay C. lying D. lain11. Johns bad habit is D without thorough understanding.  A. read B. being read C. to be read D. reading12. The next morning she found the man A in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying13. People D in the city do not know the pleasure of country life. A. live B. to live C. lived D. living14. When he awoke, he found himself C by an old woman.A. looked after B. be looked after C. being looke