中考英語閱讀理解填詞解題技巧

1、中考英語閱讀理解填詞解題技巧潘永紅中考英語閱讀理解填詞解題技巧潘永紅1通過因果關(guān)系猜詞通過因果關(guān)系猜詞首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系然后才能猜詞有時文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞如becauseassinceforsothusasaresultofcoursetherefore等等表示前因后果例如Youshouldnthaveblamedhimforthatforitwasnthisfault通過for引出的句子所表示的原因那不是他的錯可猜出blame的詞義是"責(zé)備"2通過同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞通過同義詞猜詞一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組如happyandgay即使我們不熟

2、悉gay這個詞也可以知道它是愉快的意思二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞如ManhasknownsomethingabouttheplanetsVenusMarsandJupiterwiththehelpofspaceships此句中的Venus金星Mars火星Jupiter木星均為生詞但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個詞都屬于“行星這一義域通過反義詞猜詞一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞如butwhilehowever等二是看與not搭配的或表示否認意義的詞語如Heissohomelynotatallashandsomeashisbrother根據(jù)notatallhandsome我們不難推

3、測出homely的意思即不英俊不漂亮的意思3通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞在閱讀文章時我們總會遇上一些新詞匯有時很難根據(jù)上下文來推斷其詞意而它們對文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用此時如掌握了一些常用的詞根前綴后綴等語法知識這些問題便不難解決了4通過定義或釋義關(guān)系來推測詞義例如ButsometimesnorainfallsforalonglongtimeThenthereisadryperiodordrought從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨于是便有一段干旱的時期即drought由此可見drought意思為"久旱""旱災(zāi)"而adryperiodftdrou

4、ght是同義語這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常由isorthatisinotherwordsbecalled或破折號等來表示5通過句法功能來推測詞義例如Bananasorangespineapplescoconutsandsomeotherkindoffruitgrowinwarmareas彳貿(mào)如pineapples和coconuts是生詞我們可以從這兩個詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思從句中不難看出pineapplescoconuts和bananasoranges是同類關(guān)系同屬fruit類因止匕它們是兩樣水果準確地說是菠蘿和椰子6通過描述猜詞描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對該人或

5、該物作出的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特征的描寫例如ThepenguinisakindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPoleItisfatandwalksinafunnywayAlthoughitcannotflyitcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習(xí)性短文改寫填空型閱讀理解題的解答技巧是首先通讀全文對文章的大意有個初步的了解同時找出文章中的關(guān)鍵句在有限的時間內(nèi)迅速抓住文章的要點然后縱覽縮寫后的短文在了解其大意的同時確定所要填寫的內(nèi)容即詞語或短語是否與文段中的相一致

6、填寫時一定要仔細比方有的屬于固定搭配有的句子是文中原句的同義句這些只要稍加注意就可防止出錯同時還要注意動詞時態(tài)人稱名詞單復(fù)數(shù)是否有誤首字母是否大寫句子的主謂搭配是不是合理等最后將改寫后的文章再通讀一遍看看改寫后的短文是否流暢語句是否通順同時還要照顧到原文看改寫后的短文是否與原文意思相符合MygrandfatherwasateacherHewastheheadmasterofaschoolforboysbetweentheagesofthirteenandeighteenIknowthathewasakindmanbecausewhenIwasyoungandhewasoldhegavemepr

7、esentsandsatmeonhiskneesandtoldmestoriesButIbelievetheboysathisschoolwereafraidofhimAtschoolwhenhewalkedintoaroomfullofnoisyboystheystoppedtalkingatonceWhenhelookedataboywithacertain某種100kinhiseyesthatboywasredinthefaceandlookeddownathisshoesIfaboybroughthimpoorcarelessworkmygrandfatherpickedupthebo

8、ysbookandthrewitacrosstheroomshoutingDoitallagainandbringitbackfirstthinginthemorningIftheboywaslateorifheforgottobringhisworkhehadtodoitagainandagainandyetagainMygrandfatherneverforgotAtschoolhewasverydifferentfromthemanIsawdaybydayinhisownhome根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容改寫每個空格只限填寫一個單詞WhenIwasyoungIstudiedata1schoolWewe

9、reall2thirteenandeighteenOurheadmasterwas3oldmanHewaskindbutallof4wereafraidofhimForexamplewewereplayingtalkingandlaughing5hecameinatoncetheclassroombecamequietIfaboydidnt6hishomeworkwellorcarefullyhewouldbevery7andaskedtheboytodoitagainand8Buthis9toldheneverdidthings10thatathome1boys答案就在短文的第一句話之中但要

10、注意詞形的轉(zhuǎn)換這里要用名詞所有格形式2between文章第句中的ofaschoolforboysbetweentheagesofthirteenandeighteen是答案的依據(jù)3an這個小題比擬簡單用不著聯(lián)系短文內(nèi)容僅憑語法知識就能解答01d以元音音素開頭所以填寫不定冠詞an4us由ButIbelievetheboysathisschoolwereafraidofhim可知孩子們者B害怕他短文是以第一人稱的口吻寫的而改寫的短文那么是以學(xué)生們的身份寫的弄清了這一點此空即能做出5when短文第二自然段開頭的那句話同樣是一個以when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句6do/finish由Ifaboybrough

11、thimpoorcarelesswork這句話不難聯(lián)想至U是學(xué)生沒有認真做完成作業(yè)7angry由Ifaboybroughthimpoorcarelessworkmygrandfatherwouldpickuptheboysbookandthrowitacrosstheroomshouting這句話可知如果某個男孩沒有很好地完成作業(yè)祖父就會把那位學(xué)生的書本扔到外面并大聲訓(xùn)斥他重做顯然祖父是由于生氣了才這么做的8again由Iftheboywaslateorifheforgottobringtheworkhewouldhavetodoitagainandagainandyetagain這句話可以確

12、定止匕空要填寫again詞9grandson原文是從theheadmaster的孫子的角度寫爺爺在學(xué)校與在家里的不同表現(xiàn)的聯(lián)系第自然段和AtschoolhewasverydifferentfromthemanIsawdaybydayinhisownhome這句話可知填寫grandson是最恰當?shù)?0like通常全文可知作者想表達的意思是祖父在學(xué)校里的表現(xiàn)與在家中的表現(xiàn)截然不同換言之那么是祖父在學(xué)校的表現(xiàn)從來都不象在家中的樣子由此可以得出這里要填介詞like像一樣InthefuturemachineswillbeimprovedanddomoreandmoreworkformanFewpeopl

13、ehavetoworkforlonghoursManwillhavemoretimeforleisureHowwillheusethisleisureintheworldoftomorrowCertainlyhewillstillneedholidaysInthefuturethecomputerwillhelppeopletofindtherightplaceThecomputerwillaskthemquestionswhichtheywillanswerbypressingabuttonIt均lalsoshowthempicturesandtheywillsaywhichonesthey

14、likethenthecomputerwilltellthemwgheretofindtheplacetheywantforholidayTVwillbeusedmoreineducationItwillalsohelppeopletousetheirleisuretimewellTherewillbemoreprogrammesonhowtomakeandhowtodothingsInthefuturepeoplewillcertainlyhavetodolessworkMachineswilltakemoreandmoreworkfrommanThismeansthattherestoft

15、hetimewillbemostlyleisuretimeSomescientistssaythatmanofthefuturewillbeabletogetenoughpleasureandenjoymentonhisownwithoutgoinganywhereAccordingtootherscientistsamanwillputonasmallcapThecapwillmakehimseefeelandhearallkindsofenjoyablethings根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成以下各題1Inthefuturewilldomoreandmoreworkformansomanwilldow

16、ork2Peoplewillspendmoretimeinthefuture3canhelpustofindtheplacewherewewanttospendourholiday4TVwillbemoreusefulinandhelppeopleusetheirtimewell5Peoplewillliveanenjoyablelifegoing1 machinesless由第一段可知在將來機器會代替人類做更多的工作所以人類的工作會更少2 forleisureenjoyingthemselves由第一段Manwillhavemoretimeforleisure一句可知人們將會有更多的時間休息

17、3 Thecomputer由第三段可知電腦將會幫助人類找到他們想要度假的地方4 educationleisure由文中TVwillbeusedmoreineducationItwillalsohelppeopletousetheirleisuretimewell兩句中得至U答案5 withoutanywhere在文章最后一段Somescientistssaythatmanofthefuturewillbeabletogetenoughpleasureandenjoymentonhisownwithoutgoinganywhere中可得知答案Incourt法庭thejudgeaskstheboy

18、namedHenrysomequestionsJudgeCanyoutellushowtheaccidenthappenedHenryYessirThefarmerdroveveryfastwhenImetwithhimHiscarknockedmedownandhurtmyarmJudgeTothefarmerWasthatrightFarmerNosirButitrainedheavilyandIcouldntdrivefastJudgeSoyoudontthinkyouknockedhimdownFarmerYesIdidButIdidntseehimmendinghisbikeinth

19、emiddleoftheroadJudgeWellDidyousendhimtoahospitalFarmerYesButthedoctorsaidtherewasnothingserioustohimJudgeToHenryDoyouagreewithhimHenryYessirButmyleftarmoftenhurtsandIcantliftitatallJudgeCouldyoushowushowyoucanliftitnowHenrySureSlowlytheboyliftshisarmbelowhisnoseJudgePoorboyAndhowhighcouldyouliftitb

20、eforetheaccidentHenryOhIcouldliftitveryhighlikethisHoldinghisleftarmupoverhisheadJudgeButIdontthinktheressomethingwrongwithyourarmHenryIISoitisButmylawyer律師tellsmetodoso根據(jù)上面的對話在短文的空白處填寫一個適當?shù)脑~使短文內(nèi)容與對話意思相符Ithappenedona1dayAboynamedHenrywas2hisbikeontheroadwhileafarmers3knockedhimdownThefarmersenthimto

21、ahospitalandthedoctorsaidnothing4happenedtotheboyButhisparentshopedtheboycouldbepaidmore5foritTheyaskedforalawyers6Thelawyertaughttheboy7tosayincourtHenrytoldthejudgehisarmhurtandthathecouldnt8itupThejudgeaskedhimtoshowittohimHecouldliftitbelowhisnoseThejudgeaskedhimhow9hecouldliftitbeforetheacciden

22、tTheboy10whatthelawyersaidandlifteditoverhisheadDeareditorIamnotagood-lookingboyandIamnotgoodatstudyingeitherSomepeopledontevenwanttotalktomeSoIusuallyfeellonelySometimesIthinkthatifIwanttoleavehomenobodywillcareHowcanIstopfeelinglikethisPeterDearPeterButfirstIamsurethatyouarewrongthatnobodywillcare

23、ifyouleaveyourhomeWhataboutyourparentsAndotherfamilymembersItseemsthatyouareverysadYoudbettergotoseeadoctorortalktoyourparentsTheycanhelpyouSecondImsuretheressomeoneinyourclasswhofeelslonelytooYouneverknowhowotherpeoplefeelinsideTrytomakefriendswiththemOryoujoinaclubtomeetnewpeopleandtokeepyourselfb

24、usyYouneedtofindhappinessinyourselfWritealistofallthegoodthingsaboutyourselfLearntolikeyourselfandthenotherswillseeyourconfidence信心andlikeyoutooEditor1 Peterisntgoodatandhefeels2 Hewritestotheeditortoaskforbecausehewantstofeelinglonely3 IfPeterjoinsaclubhecannewpeopleandkeepbusy4 Theeditorsuggests建議thatTomshouldtalktoaandhis5 Peterislackof缺少andheneedstofindinhimself1studyinglonely2helpstop3meethimself4doctorparents5confidencehappinessOnceEiteigavealectureinmanyplaceinAmerica.Hisdriveralwaylistenedtohimandknewthelecturesowellthathewassurehecouldgiveithimself.SoEiteiagreedthatthedr