現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解及練習(xí)（無(wú)答案）

1、.如今完成時(shí)1.概念：過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)如今造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開場(chǎng)，持續(xù)到如今的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc. 3.根本構(gòu)造：have/has + done 4.否認(rèn)形式：have/has + not +done. 5.一般疑問(wèn)句：have或has提早對(duì)于初接觸如今完成時(shí)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，往往會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種茫然，因?yàn)樗坪跖c一般過(guò)去時(shí)相似。那就是，這兩種時(shí)態(tài)描繪的動(dòng)作都始于過(guò)去。其實(shí)不然，如今完成時(shí)主要表示，發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到如今剛剛完成、或許還要延續(xù)；側(cè)重于這個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)如今帶來(lái)的

2、結(jié)果、產(chǎn)生的影響、積累的總和等等。而一般過(guò)去時(shí)那么只不過(guò)是表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的什么時(shí)候。弄清了這一區(qū)別，就很容易理解如今完成時(shí)了。它主要適用于下面的幾種情況：1表示截止如今業(yè)已完成的動(dòng)作By now, I have collected all the data that I need .到如今為止，我已搜集到了我所需的全部資料。She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了150頁(yè)。2表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去而對(duì)如今產(chǎn)生影響、帶來(lái)結(jié)果的動(dòng)作Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚飯了嗎？3表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到如今，并可能還要延續(xù)It has been fi

3、ve years since he joined the army .他參軍五年了。1一個(gè)句子應(yīng)該用什么時(shí)態(tài)只能取決于它需要表達(dá)的意思，以及它所處的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境。例如：He speaks English .一般如今時(shí)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的經(jīng)常性。He spoke English when he was in New Zealand .一般過(guò)去時(shí)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。He is speaking English.如今進(jìn)展時(shí)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)展。He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.如今完成時(shí)，這里說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的總和。He h

4、as been speaking English since he came to the USA. 如今完成進(jìn)展時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性。2在含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中，假如主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，那么從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就只能用一般如今時(shí)來(lái)表示將來(lái)時(shí)；假如主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，那么從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就只能用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。例如：I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow.I would not play tennis if it rained the next day.3 有些動(dòng)詞表示無(wú)法持續(xù)的動(dòng)作，它們一般不宜用于進(jìn)展

5、時(shí)態(tài)中。這類動(dòng)詞常見的有：be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , stand up 等等。Be動(dòng)詞假設(shè)是用于進(jìn)展時(shí)態(tài)，可表示暫時(shí)、短暫的情況或表現(xiàn)。例如：Tom is being a good boy today .湯姆今天很乖。He is bei

6、ng childish .他這樣做是耍孩子氣。You are not being modest .你這樣說(shuō)不太謙虛。4關(guān)于如今完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)問(wèn)題A. 但凡"完成時(shí)態(tài)"都表示，不知道也不管動(dòng)作發(fā)生的詳細(xì)時(shí)間, 所以在使用如今完成時(shí)的句子里，不可以帶有表示詳細(xì)過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，如：yesterday , last week month , year , etc. , two weeks ago , in 2019等；但常和有些副詞連用，如： just , before , already , often , never , ever , notyet , always等等。B.

7、 在以when提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)中不能用如今完成時(shí)。另外，ago不能用于如今完成時(shí)的句子里，因?yàn)樗硎緩娜缃袼闫鸬囊郧澳硞€(gè)時(shí)間，屬于表示詳細(xì)過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。但是可以用before 來(lái)表示"以前"的意義，因?yàn)樗槐硎?quot;以前"，而不知什么時(shí)候的以前。C. 假如是不表示連續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞用于如今完成時(shí)的句子，不可以和以for表示的"一段時(shí)間"的狀語(yǔ)連用。在這種情況下，應(yīng)該用"It has been ；since"的句式來(lái)表達(dá)。如：He has joined the army for five years. 錯(cuò)誤It has bee

8、n five years since he joined the army.正確 能與如今完成時(shí)連用詞語(yǔ)很多，如副詞just, already, yet, before, ever, recently 等，但下面是一些典型而且重要的例子：1 since自從：不管用作介詞、連詞還是副詞, 句子主句謂語(yǔ)通常都用如今完成時(shí)：I havent seen her since last week. 自上周以來(lái)我一直未見過(guò)她。Where have you been since I last saw? 自我上次見到你之后你到哪里去了?【注】有時(shí)可用其他時(shí)態(tài)的情況，但須注意： 對(duì)于某些表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞如 seem

9、 等，或因語(yǔ)義等方面的原因，有時(shí)可能用一般如今時(shí)比較如今完成時(shí)更適宜：It seems like years since we last met. 我們似乎幾年未見面了。Since when does the $42 plus $5 service charge come to $48? 從什么什候開場(chǎng)42元加5元的效勞費(fèi)等于48元了? 假設(shè)不是指從過(guò)去持續(xù)到如今，而是指從較遠(yuǎn)的過(guò)去持續(xù)到在一個(gè)較近的過(guò)去，那么用過(guò)去完成時(shí)：Yesterday he told me that he hadnt eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告訴我自星期二以來(lái)他一直未吃任何東西

10、。指從星期二至昨天未吃東西 表示時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度時(shí)，通常用一般如今時(shí)代替如今完成時(shí)：Its ten years since he left here. 他分開這兒已10年了。2 so far到目前為止： So far there has been no bad news. 到如今為止還沒(méi)有什么壞消息。We havent had any trouble so far. 到目前為止，我們還沒(méi)有遇到任何費(fèi)事。 3 in for, during the past last years在過(guò)去年中：In the past two years Ive seen him little. 過(guò)去兩年我很少見到他。I ha

11、ve been here for the last past month. 最近一個(gè)月里我都在這兒?！咀ⅰ吭谝欢ǖ纳舷挛睦铮僭O(shè)是以過(guò)去時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)，也可用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。4 up to until now到如今為止：Up to now, the work has been easy. 到如今為止這工作還算容易。I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到如今為止我還沒(méi)有聽到他一點(diǎn)音信。5 Its will be the first time that第一次：Its the first time Ive come here. 這是我第一次來(lái)這兒。如今完成時(shí)練習(xí)

12、一、單項(xiàng)選擇1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _what's happened to him . knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year. i

13、s writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、-Our country_ a lot so far .-Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studying7、We

14、 _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、-These farmers have been to the United States . -Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone10、-_ you

15、 _ your homework yet ?-Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in12、-Do you know him well ?- Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were

16、 . have been . have become . have made13、-How long have you _ here ?-About two months . been . gone . come . arrived14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun . has been on. began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was16、 Miss Green isn't in the off

17、ice . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so they B. don't they C. have they D. haven't they19、has Mr White been a member of Gree

18、ner China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換3、The old man _ last year. He for a year. die 動(dòng)詞填空4、This factory opened twenty years ago.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 This factory _ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a