Unit7TheArtofSmartGuessing練習(xí)答案

1、Unit7TheArtofSmartGuessingConsolidationActivities1.TextComprehension2. Decidewhichofthefollowingbeststatestheauthorspurpose.A. Tointroduceaneffectivemethodofinterviewingcandidates.B. Todecideonanewquiztofindouthowresourcefulathinkermightbe.C. Toprovideanaccesstogainingnecessaryinformation.D. Torecom

2、mendacreativemodelofthinkingindecision-making.Key:D3. Judge,accordingtothetext,whetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.1) .Theauthoraskedthereaderstopaycloseattentiontothemethodtobeusedinsolvingthequizquestion.T2) .ThebestwaytoknowthenumberofphonestoresintheUnitedStatesistogotothelocallibrarytod

3、ostatisticalresearch.F3) .Toillustratethesmartguessingapproach,theauthorhascitedalltogethersevenexamples.F4) .Thelawofaveragesispartlyresponsiblefortheaccuracyofourguessworkbecauseourassumptionsatthetwoextremesusuallybalanceout.T4. Answerthefollowingquestions.1) .RefertoParagraph1.Theauthor,ontheone

4、hand,intendedtofindouthowintelligenttheintervieweemightbe;ontheotherhand,hewastiredoftheclich?dnquestioningcandidatesduringinterviews.2) .RefertoParagraphs4and5.Thebestsolutionistoriskanapproximationsincethereisntenoughinformationforyoutocomeupwithanexactlycorrectanswer.3) .RefertoParagraph6.Itmeans

5、agreatdealforbusinessorcreativityaswefrequentlyneedtomakedecisionswhenfullinformationdoesnotexist.4) .RefertoParagraph9.TheycallthemFermiproblems,namedafterEnricoFermi,aNobelPrizewinner.Heusedsuchproblemstoteachhisstudentshowtomakeanapproximationwhenrelevantinformationisinadequate.5) .RefertoParagra

6、phs16and17.Itlookedlikeamushroomcloud.Hehadfollowedasmartway,watchingunpoppedpopcornkernelsinthemicrowaveoven,toapproximatethehotspotsforcookinginsteadofusingscientificallysophisticatedtestingequipment.6) .Indecision-making,whenthenecessaryrelevantinformationisnotavailable,guessingbecomesinevitable.

7、Smartguessing,i.e.guessingbasedonapproximationsisrecommendedinsuchcircumstances,anditmayoften,ifnotalways,provetobeeffectiveandfruitful.5. Explaininyourownwordsthefollowingsentencestakenfromthetext.1) .Didyougetsotiedupinthesecomplexmathfiguresthatyouwereunabletogivetheexactlyrightanswer?2) .Didyouf

8、ocusallyourattentiononthetwomostimportantproblems,andthenmakeanestimationwhichmaynotbeexactlyright?3) .Yourmistakeswilloftenaverageout,i.e.theextremelyhighestimationsandtheextremelylowestimationswhichyoumakewilleventuallybecomeequalinamount,value,oreffect.4) .Theblackclothabsorbedtheheatofthesunmost

9、.So,itsanksodeepbelowthatthesunrayscouldnotreachit.II. WritingStrategiesThistextisatypicalpieceofexpositiondevelopedbyexemplification.Thetitle,TheArtofSmartGuessing,pointsoutthethemeofthetext.Theintroduction,whichpresentsthebackgroundofthetext,isveryappealingtothereaders.Inthebodyofthetext,aFermipro

10、blemisdefinedandillustratedwithspecificexamples.TheexamplesareprovidedtoshowwhataFermiproblemis,totellushowitcanbesolved,andtosuggestthesignificanceoftheartofsmartguessing.Itisworthnotingthattheconclusionechoesthebeginning,contributingtotheformationoftheorganicunityoftheessay.Thewriterhasincorporate

11、ddescriptions,anecdotes,opinions,andfactsintoahighlyindividualexpositoryessay.Thetwoquestionsbelowareworthyofourattention:(1) Inwhatwayistheintroductionconnectedwiththeconclusion?Inthebeginningaone-questionquizisdescribed,inwhichaninterestingquestionisasked,andintheconclusionitsanswerisoffered,witht

12、hesmartguessingprocesspresented.Thus,thebeginningandtheconclusionarenaturallyconnectedwitheachother.(2) InthebodyoftheessaytheauthorgivessometypicalexamplestoillustrateaFermiproblem.Howmanyexamplesarepresented?Whatdoyouthinkoftheexamples?Altogether,fourexamplesareprovidedtoexplainaFermiproblem.Theya

13、reverytypicalexamplesthatbestillustratewhataFermiproblemis.III.LanguageWork1.Explaintheunderlinedpartineachsentenceinyourownwords.1) .Didyoumakeacompletelywildguess?asimplygroundlesspredictionfarfrombeingcorrect2) .Didyougettooboggeddowninthedetailstryingtocomeupwiththeexactlyrightanswer?stumpedorba

14、ffled;workoutj3) .Ordidyouzeroinonthetwomostimportantproblems?cometoconcentrateonanddealwith4) .Toanswerthequestion,herecommendedbreakingitdownintosmaller,moremanageablequestions.dividingitinto5) .Becauseofthelawofaverages,yourmistakeswillfrequentlybalanceout.beoflittleimportanceintermsofnumber2.Fil

15、lineachblankwithoneofthetwowordsfromeachpairintheirappropriateformsandnotethedifferenceofmeaningbetweenthem.hazardventure1) .Iwouldhazardaguessthattheywilldowellinthenextelection.2) .Afteracasualchataboutthelocalfamine,thewomanventuredtoanswerourcautiousquestions.3) .PatrollingtheUSborderwithMexicoi

16、sasfarashehasventuredintogeopolitics.4) .Hecouldnotbelievethat,hadtheEnglishmanknownhowmuchhewasatrisk,hewouldhavehazardedhisgrandson.conventionaltraditional1) .WhenmostsubscribedtotheconventionalwisdomthatsoccerisaminorsportinAmerica,thevictoryhadarealimpactonthewholepopulation.2) .Thesecretaryofde

17、fensearguedthatconventionalweaponswillsoonbetheleastofindividuals.3) .Thesetwoparties,whicharetraditionalrivals,describetheelectionasawarbetweenneo-liberalismandcommunism.4) .Thelocalpeoplearestillverytraditionalinmanyways,refusingtosendtheirdaughterstoschool.containinclude1) .Transportisnotincluded

18、butcanbearranged.2) .Theenvelopecontainedatyped,unsignedletterdemandingonemillionincash.3) .Thedeadincludedsixpeopleattendingareligiousceremony.4) .Seeminglyinconsequentialdetailscansometimescontainsignificantclues.guesssuppose1).Supposesomeonegaveyouaneggandaskedyoutodescribewhatexactlywasinside.2)

19、 .Askthechildrentoguesswhatisineachcontainerbydippingtheirhandsin.3) .Theauthorsintentionistokeepeveryoneguessinguntilthebitterend.4) .Everyonewassupposedtodancewiththebrideandpinmoneyonherdress.3.Fillintheblankineachsentencewithawordorphrasetakenfromthebox,usingitsappropriateform.resourcefulhazardi

20、ntensityoutletmerchandiseestimatetrenchkernelvisualquiznauticalapproximate1) .Thisfigureisfivetimestheoriginalestimate.2) .Theyhavenowaytodisposeofthehazardouswastetheyproduce.3) .BritainisintensifyingitseffortstosecurethereleaseofthreeBritishhostages.4) .Translationmustalwaysbeaprocessofapproximati

21、onandcompromise.5) .Theresasizzlingsummerofsocceraheadwerekickingitoffwithaseriesofcrackingquizzes.6) .Turningthatvisionintoarealityisnoteasy.7) .IdontenvisageIwilltakeanexecutiverole,butratherbecomeaconsultantonmerchandiseandmarketing.；;8) .Surelyitiseconomicnonsensetodepletetheworldofnaturalresour

22、ces.4.Makeasentenceofyourownforeachofthegivenwordswithmeaningsotherthanthoseusedinthetext.Youmaychangethepartofspeechofthesewords.1) .wildourworriesasweaponsofmassdestructionhavefoundtheirwayintothehandsofAstheSuperGirlscameonstagetheywentwild.2) .elegantThearticleimpressedmewithitselegantsimplicity

23、.3) .raiseAllfundsraisedwillbeusedforchildrenwithleukaemia.4) .figureJanetwasanaturalblondewithagoodfigure.5) .strokeItdidntrain,whichturnedouttobeastrokeofluck.6) .kernelThekernelofthatmessageisthatpeaceisasourceofadvantageforthepoor.5.Combineeachpairofsimplesentencesintoacomplexsentence,usingprope

24、rsubordinators.1) .Mywifewasmowingthelawn.Iwastryingtolistentomusic.Whilemywifewasmowingthelawn,Iwastryingtolistentomusic.2) .Theweatherremainsfine.Iseenoreasonwhythevillagefeteshouldnotbeasuccess.If/Providedthattheweatherremainsfine,Iseenoreasonwhythevillagefeteshouldnotbeasuccess.3) .Helosthiscell

25、-phonesomewhere.Thelecturehallmightbetheplace.Thelecturehallmightbetheplacewherehelosthiscell-phone.4).Thetravelersweretrappedinthecave.Oneofthemhasalreadybeenbroughtout.Oneofthetravelerswhowastrappedinthecavehasalreadybeenbroughtout.5) .Hewaslying.Thatisquiteobvious.Itisquiteobviousthathewaslying.6

26、) .AnAustralianfriendiscomingtoseeme.ImadehisacquaintanceinSydneylastyear.AnAustralianfriendwhoseacquaintanceImadeinSydneylastyeariscomingtoseeme.7) .Sicknesskepthimawayfromschool.Hedidntgettheprize.Hedidntgettheprizebecausesicknesskepthimawayfromschool.8) .Youpromisetocomebackintime.Youshallnotgoto

27、thepartytonight.Youshallnotgotothepartytonightunlessyoupromisetocomebackintime.9) .LucyspokeEnglishfast.Icouldntunderstandher.IcouldntunderstandLucybecauseshespokeEnglishtoofast.10) .Hiswifewaitedup.Hecamehome.Hiswifewaitedupuntilhecamehome.5.Putawordineachblankthatisappropriateforthecontext.WhenBri

28、taingreatsPrimeMinister,SirWinstonChurchill,wasyoung,he(1)attendedapublicschoolcalledHarrow.Hewasnotagoodstudent,andasamatteroffact,(2)hadhenotbeenthesonofafamousleader,heprobablywouldhavebeenthrownoutoftheschoolforhis(3)offences.However,he(4)completedhisworkatHarrow,wentontotheuniversity,andthenhad

29、asuccessful(5)careerintheBritishArmy,touringbothAfricaandIndia.HelaterwaselectedprimeministerandbroughtgreatcouragetoBritainthroughhisspeechesandotherworkduringthe(6)darkdaysofWorldWarII.Towardthevery(7)endofhisperiodasprimeminister,hewasinvitedtoaddresstheyoungboysathisoldschool,Harrow.However,inan

30、nouncingthecomingoftheirgreatleader,theheadmastersaid,“Younggentlemen,eatesthegr(8)speakerofouttime,ourprimeminister,willbehereinafewdaystoaddressyou,andyoushouldobeywhateversound(9)advicehemaygiveyouatthattime.”Thegreatdayarrived,andtheprimeminister(10)appearedatHarrow.Afterbeingintroduced,SirWinst

31、onChurchillstoodupallfivefeet,fiveinchesand107kilosofhim!Hegavethisshortbutmovingspeech:Youngmen,nevergiveup.Nevergiveup!Nevergiveup!Never,never,never,never!”IV.Translation1.TranslatingSentences1) .不要讓自己陷入沒完沒了的考試準(zhǔn)備之中。(bogdown)Dontletyourselfgetboggeddowninendlessexampreparation.2) .我小心地把花放在靠窗的地方，這樣它

32、可以得到充足的陽光。(position)Icarefullypositionedtheflowernearthewindowsothatitcouldgetplentyofsunlight.3) .沒人能猜出這場糾紛何時會結(jié)束。(hazardaguesstimate)Noonewouldhazardaguesstimateofwhenthedisputewouldcometoanend.4) .這個月開銷很大，不過下個月我們會有更多的進(jìn)賬，所以這階段的收支會平衡得很好的。(balanceout)Itseemsalottospendthismonth,butwewillgetinalotmore

33、nextmonth,soitllbalanceoutovertheperiod.5) .他足智多謀，富有創(chuàng)意，令人驚嘆，對我的事業(yè)舉足輕重。(resourceful)Heisamazinglyincomparablyinventiveandresourceful,andplaysamajorroleinmycareer.Aftertheorchestrahadtuneduptheconductorwalkedupontothestage.7) .現(xiàn)代軍用飛機使用計算機瞄準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)。(zeroin)Modernmilitaryaircraftusecomputerstozeroinontheirta

34、rgets.8) .她想出了一個絕妙的主意來勸說老板給她雙份工資。(comeupwith)Shescomeupwithabrilliantideatopersuadeherbosstodoubleherincome.2.TranslatingPassageTranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.使自己擺脫某些教條的好辦法之一是了解自己生活圈子以外人們所持的觀點。你要是覺得人們和報紙失卻常理，顛倒是非，甚至邪惡，這時你就得提醒自己，在他們眼里你沒有什么兩樣。這么思考雙方都可能是對的，卻不可能都是錯的。這樣的反思可以給人一個警覺。想像力豐富的人可以設(shè)想自己跟一個不同見解的

35、人進(jìn)行辯論，這不失為一個好辦法。相比真正的辯論，這樣做有一個好處，也僅有一個好處，那就是它不受時空的限制。參考譯文：Agoodwayofriddingyourselfofcertainkindsofdogmatismistobecomeawareofopinionsheldinsocialcirclesdifferentfromyourown.Ifthepeopleandthenewspaperseemmad,perverse,andwicked,remindyourselfthatyouseemsotothem.Inthisopinionbothpartiesmayberight,butth

36、eycannotbothbewrong.Thisreflectionshouldgenerateacertaincaution.Forthosewhohaveenoughpsychologicalimagination,itisagoodplantoimagineanargumentwithapersonhavingadifferentbias.Thishasoneadvantage,andonlyone,ascomparedwithactualconversationwithopponents;thisoneadvantageisthatthemethodisnotsubjecttothes

37、amelimitationsoftimeandspace.VI.WritingWriteanessayofabout400wordsonthefollowingtopic.ONTHEPROSANDCONSOFCELLPHONES6).樂隊調(diào)試好音準(zhǔn)后，指揮走上了舞臺(tuneup)Inthefirstparagraphofyourwritingyoushouldpresentyourthesisstatement.Thenineachoftheparagraphsthatfollow,focusononeofthemforelaboration.Inthefinalparagraph,summ

38、arizewhatyouhavewrittenandre-assertyouropinion.ThetransitionaldevicesinlistedinUnit6canbeusedtointroducetheprosandthefollowingcanintroducethecons:1.moreserious,evenworse,tomakemattersworse;and2.mostseriousofall,worstofall.Betweentheprosandthecons,itisnecessarytoaddoneortwotransitionalsentences.Youwo

39、uldprobablyfindthesentencesbelowuseful:1.However,everycoinhastwosides.Whilewearediscussingthemeritsof.,wecannotforgetits/theirdemerits.2.Now,letslookatthereversesideofthecoin.3.Butmeritsusuallygohandinhandwithdemerits.FurtherEnchantmentII.TextIIEDUCATIONE.B.WhiteIII.TextComprehension1. Answerthefoll

40、owingmultiple-choicequestions:1) .Whichofthefollowingquotationsfromthetextcanbestjustifytheauthorfirstcommentonhissonsteacherinthecountryschool,i.e.athird-gradescholar?A.Theincidentofbeingkickedintheshinsbyanotherboy.B.Reliefofhimselfinthewashroom.C.Thelargenumberofpeers.D.TheChristmasperformance.Ke

41、y:D2) .TheteacherdoesmanythingsinthecountryschoolEXCEPT.A. designingthekidsschooluniformsB. abusingthekidsthatfailtobehavethemselvesC. doingthecleaningoftheschoolD. enjoyingthekidstrustandfriendshipKey:B3) .Thewordscholarisusedtimeandagaininthetext.Besidesreferringtotheteacherinthephraseathird-grade

42、scholar,itisusedtoreferto.A.theotherteacheroftheschoolB. theauthorhimselfC. theauthorssonD. somebodynotspecifiedKey:C4) .Accordingtotheauthorsdescription,whichofthefollowingdidnttheschoolbusdo?A. Waitingforthepupilsatbusstops.B. Runningveryfast.C. Arrivingatthebusstopontime.D. Pickingupthepupilsonth

43、ewaytoschool.Key:A5) .Ofthefollowingfourwords,whichcanbestsubstitutetheunderlinedwordinthesentenceWegothislaconicreportAllright”?A.happyB.merryC.briefD.indifferentKey:C2. QuestionsforDiscussion1) .Inthecountryschool,whatarethedutiesoftheteacheroutsideclass?Shehasavarietyofdutiesinadditiontoherteachi

44、ngresponsibilities.Shemanagestofunctionquietlyandeffectivelyasaguardianoftheirhealth,theirclothes,andtheirhabits.Shesuperviseslunchrooms,playgrounds,andstudysessions.Sheevencooksforthechildren.Sheremainsconcernedwiththefeelingsandindividualprogressofeachstudent.2) .Howdoestheauthorusehumortonarratehissonsschoolexperiences?Muchofthehumorinthepassagecomesfromtheauthorsnarrationofhissonsschoolexperiences.Hest