中考英語完形填空技巧-專項講解及練習

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上完形填空題型解題及考試技巧考試要求完形填空主要考查學生綜合運用語言的能力，要求學生從語篇層次上把握語言材料，在閱讀理解的基礎上進行邏輯推理，綜合運用所學習的語言知識。完形填空主要考查對于文章上下文的理解和把握能力；對于詞匯的意義和用法的理解和運用能力；根據(jù)生活常識進行推理和判斷能力；對于習慣用語和短語的固定搭配掌握能力。1. 完形填空的命題方式：完形填空一般是200多個單詞的短文，有目的地刪除一些單詞，留下空白讓學生去還原。多數(shù)試題設計1015個空，但是短文的第一個句子一般不設計空白。大部分試題是提供四個選項讓學生選擇能夠填入空白處的最佳答案。2. 完形填空的題型：完

2、形填空題所提供的短文大部分是記敘文，也有說明文和議論文。短文的題材廣泛，可能包括幽默故事、英國文化知識、環(huán)境保護和學生校園生活等。完形填空考查的重點主要集中在下面這些方面：（1）詞匯題，可能是近義詞的用法辨析或者是動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞等詞義和用法等，學生通過對上下文內(nèi)容可以較容易地找出答案。（2）常見固定搭配和習慣用法題，一般涉及到動詞短語、介詞短語等的搭配和用法。（3）邏輯分析題，必須在掌握全文的主旨大意的前提下，通過對故事的線索、短文各段的邏輯關(guān)系、短文內(nèi)容之間的邏輯關(guān)系及人物情感的發(fā)展等的分析和理解，選出答案。中考完形填空綜合了語法知識、閱讀理解和邏輯推理等方面的知識點，更加注重語言

3、知識的應用性，突出了對運用語言的能力的考查。3. 做完形填空測試題應遵循的三個步驟：(1) 通讀全文，了解大意這是做好完形填空題的前提，也是減少做完形填空題盲目性的重要步驟，對于命題中的邏輯推理、上下文及情景語境方面的內(nèi)容起著決定性作用。每篇文章都有一個主題思想，段與段之間有承上啟下、前呼后應的句子，段與段、句與句之間緊密相連從而形成一個有機整體。因此在做完形填空的時候一定要一氣呵成去讀短文，不要中斷思路，對于一些不能理解的細節(jié)，如生詞可以跳過去。另外，在閱讀的時候要特別注意短文的開頭句子和結(jié)尾的句子，因為這些句子一般不設計空白，給學生提供必要的背景信息和結(jié)果結(jié)論。(2) 仔細推敲，初定答案在

4、通讀全文，了解大意的基礎上開始答題。答題時要根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容和要求，結(jié)合短文的主題思想，對空缺句子作合乎邏輯的推理。要弄清空缺詞句的確切含義，并對每一個空白的四個選項進行認真分析，反復推敲?？杖痹~句與其前后句的意義銜接必須自然、合理，不可出現(xiàn)意義斷層或說東道西的情況，還要綜合運用學過的知識，從語法、詞語固定搭配、詞形變化及邏輯推理和生活常識等角度考慮，有把握的答案一錘定音，把握性不大的可以先初定答案，做好符號，以便于下一步檢查和推敲。(3) 再次通讀全文，鎖定最佳答案在完成前兩個步驟的基礎上，再檢查是確信自己所選擇的答案準確性的一次檢閱。實際上是對短文和答案的又一次快速瀏覽。本次閱讀的目的是調(diào)整

5、、修改和完善自己做題的過程。因為在原來緊張的答題過程中，會有一些我們無法確定或者粗心造成的錯誤，在這次重新閱讀中被發(fā)現(xiàn)、被修改。如果做不出來的話，可能要改變一下思路。如實詞多與文章的內(nèi)容直接相關(guān)，虛詞多與文章的連貫性或句子結(jié)構(gòu)直接相關(guān)，如果從內(nèi)容上實在看不出要填哪個單詞的話，應考慮是否需要填介詞、連詞等。最后一次閱讀全文也是檢查所選擇的答案是否能夠保證短文的意思完整、語義合理、語法正確的關(guān)鍵步驟。 注意：驗證答案、修正錯誤時著重注意：1)文章是否順暢；2)所填單詞是否是最佳選項；3)所填單詞是否有拼寫錯誤。4. 完形填空解題技巧：(1）總體把握通讀完形填空的短文時，跳過空格快速閱讀，了解全篇的

6、主要內(nèi)容。選擇答案時要從全文主旨大意和短文情景出發(fā)，不能只根據(jù)某一句子來選擇，因為有時如果不考慮上下文時，四個選項有時都可以填入空中。例如：The 14-year-old girl says that she knows 2 about cooking. A. many B. much C. little只有根據(jù)上文敘述，才知道這個女孩對于做飯了解很少，正確答案是C。如果沒有上文推斷，只從備選項看，B和C在語法上都可以說的通。(2）弄清體裁文章體裁通常分為四種：論述文、記敘文、說明文和應用文。中考選文以敘事性文章為主，如：幽默故事、科普知識、童話、簡短新聞、名人軼事、社會熱點問題等。讀這類文章

7、，要大體上了解故事所涉及的時間、地點、人物、事件及前因后果。不同的體裁可能使用不同的語氣和說法，也就需要選用不同的選項了。(3）重視主題句完形填空所用的短文一般不給標題，但短文的主題句，往往在每段文章的首句，有時也出現(xiàn)在文章的中間或結(jié)束處。主題句提供全篇的性質(zhì)、大意等，這是深入了解全文的“窗口”，甚至能以主題句為立足點，從該句的時態(tài)、語氣推測全文的主要內(nèi)容。(4）語境聯(lián)想利用上下文的提示，用學過的知識和已有的生活經(jīng)驗，掃清部分詞匯理解上的障礙。聯(lián)想并推測故事所發(fā)生的情景和人物在那種情景下的心態(tài)和感覺，這樣才能更好的把握全局，選對答案，從而避免理解錯誤而大量出錯。(5）擇優(yōu)法和排除法擇優(yōu)法是把各

8、選項代入短文中，選出在詞義上符合要求，且在語法上又沒有語病的答案。排除法是在代入選項時如發(fā)現(xiàn)選項單詞意義不對，或詞與詞搭配不妥，或存在語法錯誤，或與上下文有矛盾，則迅速排除不合適的選項，剩下的就是正確答案。(6）語言知識的判定詞語搭配:從語法角度來說，句子不是詞的序列，而是詞組的序列。所以要注意詞語和前后詞匯的搭配。如：see a film，go to school1) 固定的復合詞和動詞短語。2) 常見的句式，如：Its+形容詞+不定式?！咀⒁狻繀^(qū)別外形相近而意義不同的搭配。如：look for, look over, look out, look after, look up等。區(qū)別形不相

9、似而意義相近的搭配。如：I paid 12 pounds for the dictionary. The book cost me a lot. I spent 10 yuan on the box.三個句子中都有“付出、花費”之意的短語，譯成漢語時似乎相通，搭配卻有變化。單個詞組的多義性。如：take off有“脫下(衣服)，(飛機) 起飛，匆匆離開，取下，休假等多種含意。（7） 語法要求1) 注意出現(xiàn)頻率較高的詞類題，依次為動詞、介詞、代詞、連詞、形容詞、副詞。選擇各類詞時，要注意以下幾個方面：名詞：應聯(lián)系文章主題及空格前后出現(xiàn)的有關(guān)詞，注意其單復數(shù)的一致。動詞：要注意詞義和慣用搭配，還要

10、區(qū)分近義詞之間的用法差異及所給詞的形式。介詞：應注意其慣用法，特別是與動詞或其他詞組成的固定搭配。代詞：注意人稱、數(shù)、格等是否準確。連詞：注意分析前后句或上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。形容詞和副詞：注意詞義的區(qū)別，用于比較時，還要注意詞形變化。2) 要注意句法題，搞清句子的種類、類型、省略和倒裝，避免引起對文章的曲解。真題演練When I was in primary school, I had a big argument with a boy in my class. I cant _1_ what it was about, but I have never forgotten the2I lear

11、ned that day. I was sure that I was right and he was wrong. 3, he strongly believed that I was wrong and he was right. The teacher decided to teach us a lesson. She4a good idea. She brought both of us to the front of the class and placed him on one side of her grey desk and me on 5. In the middle of

12、 the desk was a large, round object. It was6for me to see that it was black. She asked the boy what color the object was. "7," he answered in a loud voice. I couldnt8that the object was white, considering that it was certainly black! One more argument started between the boy and me, this t

13、ime 9the color of the object. The teacher told me to stand where the boy was standing and told him to stand where I had been. We changed10, and then she asked me what the color of the object was. I 11 answer, “White.” It was then that I knew what was wrong. It was an object with two12colored sides,

14、and from his side it was white. 13from my side was it black. My teacher taught me a very important lesson that day: You must14 in other persons position (位置) and look at the15 through their eyes in order to truly understand their ideas.1. A. understand B. remember C. explain2. A. class B. subject C.

15、 lesson3. A. Therefore B. Also C. However4. A. came up with B. went on with C. got along with5. A. another B. other C. the other6. A. hard B. clear C. lucky7. A. Black B. White C. Grey8. A. realize B. describe C. believe9. A. like B. against C. about10. A. places B. objects C. opinions11. A. could B

16、. should C. had to12. A. similarly B. differently C. brightly13. A. But B. Still C. Only14. A. appear B. stand C. hide 15. A. situation B. discussion C. solution鞏固練習AEveryone has their own dreams. They give us courage(勇氣) and confidence to keep us going through difficulties. Here 1 some advice on ho

17、w to realize our beautiful dreams. 2 giving up is the key to making our dreams come true. We may fail from time to time, 3 we can learn from failure(失敗), correct our mistakes and try again until we achieve our goals. For that reason, no matter 4 difficult problems we meet, we wont fail unless we giv

18、e up our hopes. Our life is like a long journey which is not all roses. It sometimes has wind and rain. We believe rainbows(彩虹) will appear after storms. We will realize our dreams 5 last if we do our best. Cooperation(合作) is also necessary. Everyone likes a person who is good at cooperating with ot

19、hers. Besides, in our society, most problems cant be 6 by one person alone. 7 is like a small part of a machine. If one part isnt 8, the machine can not work well. Its hard for a person who is away from the society to have a deep understanding of the world. Cooperation is becoming one of 9 ways for

20、people living in the developing society. As a saying goes, “One tree doesnt make a 10.” At the same time, we should learn to examine our abilities because it helps us know about our advantages and disadvantages as well as get a full control of ourselves. Then we may be confident enough to face chall

21、enges. Follow the suggestions above, and our dreams are sure to come true.1. A. is B. are C. be2. A. Always B. Often C. Never3. A. if B. but C. than 4. A. how B. what C. where5. A. from B. on C. at6. A. solve B. solved C. solving7. A. We B. We each C. Each of us8. A. in time B. in order C. in need 9

22、. A. important B. more important C. the most important10. A. forest B. grass C. fieldBMr. Klein told the class that a new student, Inez would join them soon. He 1that Inez was deaf. She “talked” with others by using sign language. Mr. Klein knew sign language, and he decided to teach 2students so th

23、at they could also “talk” with Inez.First, they learned to sign the letters. Some letters were hard to 3. Other letters, such as C, were easier because the shape (形狀) of the hand was the same as the shape of the letter. The 4thing they learned was finger-spelling. They signed one letter after anothe

24、r to spell a word. They 5with two-letter words such as at and on. Then they spelled 6words.Finally, Mr. Klein showed that 7one sign could be used for a whole word. To make the sign for the word fine, a person spreads out (張開) the fingers on one hand, 8the thumb (拇趾) to the chest (前胸) , and moves the hand away from the chest. Signing i