計算機(jī)專業(yè)英語教程(第4版)譯文8.1

1、IntroductionMultimedia means, from the user ' sperspective, that computer information can be represented through audio and/or video, in addition to text, image, graphics and animation .從用戶的觀點，多媒體技術(shù)意味著，電腦信息不僅可以通過文本、圖 象、圖形和動畫，還可以通過音頻或者視頻表現(xiàn)出來。For example, using audio and video, a variety of dynamic

2、 situations in different areas, such as sport or ornithology lexicon, can often be presented better than just using text and image alone. 例如，利用音頻或者視頻， 許多不同領(lǐng)域的動態(tài)情形， 例如運動場面、 鳥類生活，能夠比僅僅使用文本和圖象更生動形象的表現(xiàn)出來。The integration of these media into the computer provides additional possibilities for the use of co

3、mputational power currently available (e.g., for interactive presentation of huge amounts of information ).多媒體與電腦的綜合為電腦的普遍應(yīng)用提供了額外的可行性例如： 大量信息的交互式表現(xiàn) 。Furthermore, these data can be transmitted though computer and telecommunication networks, which implies applications in the areas of information distr

4、ibution and cooperative work. 另外，這些數(shù)據(jù)可以通過意味著信息分工和合作工作。 Multimedia provides the possibility for a spectrum of new applications, many of which are in place today. 多媒體技術(shù)為一連串的新應(yīng)用程序提供了可能性 多媒體技術(shù)是一連 串的新應(yīng)用程序成為可能 ，并且許多已經(jīng)開發(fā)到位。Main Properties of a Multimedia SystemIf we derive a multimedia system from the mean

5、ing of the words in the American Heritage Dictionary, then a multimedia system is any system which supports more than a single kind of media. 如果我們從美國傳統(tǒng)字典中查找 a multimedia system 的字面意思， 我 們可以得知 一個多媒體系統(tǒng)是任何支持多于一種單一媒體的系統(tǒng) This characterization is insufficient because it only deals with a quantitative eval

6、uation of the system. 這一描述是不充分的，因為他只是對系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行定量的評估。For example, each system processing text and graphics would be classified as a multimedia system according to this narrow definition. 例如，根據(jù)這一狹隘的定義， 任何能處理文字和圖片的系統(tǒng)都將被歸 類為多媒體系統(tǒng)。Such systems already existed before the multimedia notion was used in a comput

7、er environment.這些系統(tǒng)在多媒體概念被應(yīng)用于電腦領(lǐng)域之前就已經(jīng)存在了 Hence, the notion multimedia implies a new quality in a computer environment. 因此，多媒體這一概念意味著在電腦領(lǐng)域中的一種新的特性。We understand multimedia more in a qualitative rather than a quantitative way. 我們更應(yīng)從性質(zhì)方面而不是從數(shù)量方面去理解多媒體這一概念。 Therefore, the kind rather than the number of

8、 supported media should determine if a system is a multimedia system. 因此，一個系統(tǒng)是不是一個多媒體系統(tǒng)應(yīng)由所支持媒體的類型而不是 數(shù)量決定。It should be pointed out that this definition is controversial. 應(yīng)該指出的是，這一定義是存在爭議的。Even in the standardization bodies, e, g. , ISO, a weaker interpretation is often used.即使對于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織，如 ISOA multimed

9、ia system distinguishes itself from other systems through several properties. 一個多媒體系統(tǒng)通過數(shù)個屬性使自己有別于其他系統(tǒng)。We elaborate on the most important properties such as combination of the media, media-independence, computer control and integration. 我們對最重要的一些屬性進(jìn)行詳細(xì)解釋， 如媒體的組合， 媒體的獨立 性，電腦控制和集成。Combination of MediaN

10、ot every arbitrary combination of media justifies the usage of the term multimedia. 并不是任意的媒體組合都能滿足術(shù)語“多媒體的要求。A simple text processing program with incorporated images is often called a multimedia application because two media are processed through one program.一個支持圖像處理的簡單文本處理程序通常被稱為一個多媒體應(yīng)用 程序，這是因為兩種媒體

11、通過一個程序被處理。But one should talk about multimedia only when both continuous and discrete media are utilized. 但是我們說到的“多媒體“應(yīng)該是使用了連續(xù)媒體和離散媒體。A text processing program with incorporated images is therefore not a multimedia application.一個支持圖像處理的簡單文本處理程序因此并不是一個多媒體應(yīng)用 程序。IndependenceAn important aspect of diffe

12、rent media is their level of independence from each other.媒體的一個重要性質(zhì)是他們之間的獨立性。In general, there is a request for independenceof different media, but multimedia may require several levels of independence.一般說來， 對于不同媒體間需要一個關(guān)于獨立性的要求， 但是多媒體 可能需要幾個等級的獨立性。On the one hand, a computer-controlled video recorde

13、r stores audio and video information, but there is an inherently tight connection between the two types of media. 一方面，一個電腦控制的錄像機(jī)存儲音頻和視頻信息， 但是在這兩種 類型的媒體間存在一個內(nèi)在的緊密聯(lián)系。Both media are coupled together through the common storage medium of the tape.那就是，這兩種媒體通過共同的磁帶存儲媒介聯(lián)接在一起。On the other hand, for the purpo

14、se of presentations, the combination of DAT recorder (Digital Audio Tape) signals and computer-available text satisfies the request for media-independence.另一方面， 出于表達(dá)的目的， 數(shù)字錄音帶信號和有效的電腦文本組合 滿足媒體獨立性的需求。Computer-supported IntegrationThe media-independence prerequisite provides the possibility of combini

15、ng media in arbitrary forms. 媒體的獨立性使得各種媒體的組合成為可能。Computers are the ideal tool for this purpose. 電腦是進(jìn)行媒體組合的理想工具。The system should be capable of computer-controlled media processing.系統(tǒng)必須具有可受電腦控制的媒體處理能力。Moreover, the system should be programmable by a system programmer or even a user.而且，系統(tǒng)還應(yīng)該是可由系統(tǒng)程序員甚至

16、用戶編程的，Simple input or output of different media through one system (e. g. , a video recorder) does not satisfy the requirement for a computer-controlled solution.對不同媒體通過一個系統(tǒng) 如錄像機(jī) 進(jìn)行簡單的輸入和輸出處理并 不滿足“由電腦控制“的這一方案的要求。Computer-controlled data of independent media can be integrated to accomplish certain fu

17、nctions.電腦控制的獨立媒體數(shù)據(jù)可以被集成以實現(xiàn)一定的功能。For such a purpose, timing, spatial and semantic synchronization relations will be included.為了到達(dá)這一目的，必須包含時間，空間，語言的同步關(guān)系。A text processing program that supports text, table calculations and video clips does not satisfy the demand for integration if program supporting t

18、he connection between the data cannot be established. 如果不能建立支持這些數(shù)據(jù)之間連接的程序， 那么支持文本， 表格計算 和視頻剪輯的文本處理程序不滿足集成的要求。A high integration level is accomplished if changing the content of a table row causes corresponding video scene and text changes. 一個高水平的集成可以實現(xiàn)如果對表格的行內(nèi)容進(jìn)行修改能導(dǎo)致相 應(yīng)的視頻片段和文本的修改。MultimediaA multi

19、media system is characterized by computer-controlled, integrated production, manipulation, presentation, storage and communication of independent information， 多媒體系統(tǒng)的特征是： 獨立信息的電腦控制， 集成制作， 處理、演示、 存儲和通信。which is encoded at least through a continuous (time-dependent) and a discrete (time independent) me

20、dium. 這些信息必須至少通過一種連續(xù)的與時間有關(guān)和一種離散的與 時間無關(guān)媒體進(jìn)行編碼。Multimedia is very often used as an attribute of many systems, components, products, ideas, etc. , without satisfying the above presented characteristics. 多媒體常常作為許多系統(tǒng)、組件、產(chǎn)品、理念等的一個特性，但卻并 不滿足以上所陳述的多媒體特性。From this view-point our definition is deliberately re

21、strictive. 在這一觀點上，我們的定義是成心限制的過于苛刻的 。Thus, two notions of multimedia can be distinguished:所以，必須將兩種含義的多媒體區(qū)分開來： "Multimedia", strictly speaking: 嚴(yán)格意義上的多媒體：In this context, continuous media will always be included in a multimedia system. 在這一范圍中，多媒體系統(tǒng)必然包括連續(xù)媒體。At the same time important timely marginal conditions (through the continuous media) for the pro