高考專題之 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

1、.高考專題之 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞課程目的一、學(xué)習(xí)目的1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的根本用法。2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done的用法。二、重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的根本用法。難點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done的用法。三、考情分析 上述語(yǔ)法是高考的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法，歷年考題中占有重要的地位，并且是高考試題的難點(diǎn)。一般在單項(xiàng)選擇中能占1-2分；我們學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意上述語(yǔ)法的學(xué)習(xí)及做題技巧，并認(rèn)真研究近幾年的高考題。知識(shí)梳理一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的根本用法考點(diǎn)1 can和could的根本用法【用法】1. can和could都可以表示才能；答應(yīng)、建議、懇求以及推測(cè)；2. 在疑問(wèn)句和否認(rèn)句中表示“疑心，猜測(cè)或“可能性；3. 假如要表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣

2、，可用could代替can，這時(shí)could不再是can的過(guò)去式?！纠洹緾an she be in the computer center?或許她是在計(jì)算機(jī)中心？No, she can t be in it. 不，她不可能在里面。Could I borrow your bicycle?我能借你的自行車用用嗎？【考題鏈接】1. You dont have to know the name of the author to find a book. You _ find the book by the title. A. must B. need C. can D. would答案：C 解題思路：

3、句意：你沒(méi)有必要一定通過(guò)作者的姓名來(lái)找到一本書(shū)。你可以根據(jù)這本書(shū)的標(biāo)題書(shū)名來(lái)找到這本書(shū)。must“必須，一定；need“需要；can“可以，可以；would“將會(huì)，表過(guò)去的將來(lái)。根據(jù)句意，只有C項(xiàng)符合題意。2. Could I speak to Mr. White?Im afraid he _ answer your call now. He is holding a meeting.A. cant B. neednt C. mustnt D. shouldnt答案：A 解題思路：考察情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。答語(yǔ)句意：由于懷特先生此時(shí)正在開(kāi)會(huì)，所以恐怕他不能cant接你的 。考點(diǎn)2 may和might【用法

4、】1. 表示允許或征詢對(duì)方的答應(yīng)，有“可以之意。但是表示“阻止或“制止對(duì)方做某事時(shí)，要用must not代替may not。2. may和might都可以表示可能性，表示“或許，可能，假如用might表示可能性，那么語(yǔ)氣更加不肯定?！纠洹縈ay I use this dictionary? 我可以用這本字典嗎？Yes，please.可以。May I swim in this lake? 我可以在這個(gè)湖里游泳嗎？No, you mustnt. Its too dangerous. 不，不行。太危險(xiǎn)了。They maymightbe in the library now. 他們?nèi)缃窨赡茉趫D書(shū)館。

5、【考題鏈接】Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they _ just be quiet people. A. must B. may C. should D. would答案：B 解題思路：句意：一些不喜歡多說(shuō)話的人未必就害羞；他們可能只是一些安靜的人。must，一定；may也許，可能；should應(yīng)該，理應(yīng)；would會(huì)。根據(jù)句意，答案為B。考點(diǎn)3 must和have to【用法】1must表示“必須，應(yīng)該，其否認(rèn)式為must not，縮寫(xiě)形式為mustnt，表示“不準(zhǔn)，不答應(yīng)，制止。2對(duì)以must

6、開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句作否認(rèn)答復(fù)時(shí)，要用neednt或dontdoesnthave to，而不用mustnt，因?yàn)閙ustnt是“制止，不答應(yīng)之意。3表示揣測(cè)。意為“想必、準(zhǔn)是、一定等，只用于肯定句。4have to和must的意思相近，只是must側(cè)重表示說(shuō)話人的主觀看法，而have to那么表示客觀需要?！纠洹縈ust we finish the work tomorrow? 明天我必須完成這項(xiàng)工作嗎？No, you needntdont have to, but you must finish it in three days. 不，你沒(méi)必要，但是你必須三天內(nèi)完成。Whose new bike

7、can it be? 這是誰(shuí)的新自行車??？It must be Liu Dongs. His father has just bought him a new one. 那一定是劉東的。他的父親剛剛給他買了一輛新自行車。I had to give it up because of illness. 因?yàn)榧膊∥也坏貌环艞壦！究碱}鏈接】1. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _ be regular exercise. A. can B. will C. must D. may答案：C 解題思路：句意：考察情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

8、。句意：醫(yī)生說(shuō)鍛煉對(duì)安康來(lái)說(shuō)很重要，但這必須must是有規(guī)律的鍛煉。2. “You _ have a wrong number, she said. “Theres no one of that name here. A. need B. can C. must D. would答案：C 解題思路：考察must表示肯定的推測(cè)。根據(jù)后句“Theres no one of that name here. 可知對(duì)方一定撥錯(cuò)了號(hào)碼。句意：她說(shuō)：“你一定是撥錯(cuò)號(hào)碼了，這里沒(méi)有叫那個(gè)名字的人?？键c(diǎn)4 should和ought to【用法】1should 和 ought to 表示“應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該，前者比后者語(yǔ)

9、氣輕。2should / ought to 可以表示推測(cè)。3should / ought to 的否認(rèn)形式可以表示“制止。4should 可表示陳述意見(jiàn)、提出建議或懇求；而ought to可以表示勸告。【例句】Children shouldnt smoke.小孩不許吸煙。You ought to respect your parents.你應(yīng)該尊重父母?！究碱}鏈接】1. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There _ be twelve. A. should B. would C. will D. shall 答案：A 解題思路：句意

10、：你是什么意思，只有十張票？應(yīng)該有十二張。A項(xiàng)表示從道理上推測(cè)，意為“應(yīng)該；B項(xiàng)意為“將會(huì)；C項(xiàng)意為“將要；D項(xiàng)一般用于第一人稱，表示“將要。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，應(yīng)選A。2. I dont care what people think. Well, you _. A. could B. would C. should D. might來(lái)源:1ZXXK答案：C 解題思路：句意：我不在乎別人的看法。噢，你應(yīng)該在乎的。should 表示“應(yīng)該，應(yīng)選C。考點(diǎn)5 will和shall【用法】1. will的用法1will用于各種人稱表示“意志，意愿或決心等，否認(rèn)形式為wont +。2will用于疑問(wèn)句中，常用于第

11、二人稱，表示說(shuō)話人向?qū)Ψ教岢觥皯┣蠡颉霸儐?wèn)。2. shall的用法1shall用于第二、第三人稱時(shí)，表示說(shuō)話人的意愿，可表示命令、警告、強(qiáng)迫、威脅或許諾等。2在疑問(wèn)句中，shall用于第一、第三人稱，表示說(shuō)話人征詢對(duì)方意見(jiàn)或懇求指示。【例句】He shall go first，whether he wants to or not. 不管他是否愿意，他必須先走。Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium? 你能告訴我如何到首都體育館嗎？【考題鏈接】1. Someone is asking to see you outsi

12、de. _ he come in now?A. May B. Shall C. Must D. Need答案：B 解題思路：句意：有人在外邊要求見(jiàn)你。他如今該進(jìn)來(lái)嗎？考察情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。shall用于第一、三人稱表示建議，此處的建議是“他如今進(jìn)來(lái)好嗎。C、D兩項(xiàng)也不合語(yǔ)境。2. What is the news about? According to the new law, people who are guilty of drunken driving _ face a fine of up to 2, 000 yuan. A. will B. may C. shall D. can答案：C 解

13、題思路：句意：這條消息是關(guān)于什么的？根據(jù)新法律，酒后駕駛的人們將要面臨高達(dá)2 000元的罰金。根據(jù)句意可知，此處是法律規(guī)定，是一種強(qiáng)迫、命令，應(yīng)選C。shall可表示“命令、警告、威脅、許諾等?？键c(diǎn)6 would的用法【用法】1would作為will的過(guò)去式時(shí)，可用于各人稱，表示過(guò)去的意志或決心。 2在疑問(wèn)句中，用于第二人稱，表示說(shuō)話人向?qū)Ψ教岢鰬┣蠡蛟儐?wèn)對(duì)方的意愿，語(yǔ)氣比will委婉。 3在日常生活中，用“I would like to. . . 表示“我想要或“我愿意，以使語(yǔ)氣委婉。4would可以表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，比used to正式，但沒(méi)有“現(xiàn)已無(wú)此習(xí)慣的含義。 5表猜測(cè)。【例句】

14、He promised he would never smoke again. 他許諾不會(huì)再抽煙了。Would you like some more coffee? 你想再來(lái)點(diǎn)咖啡嗎？【考題鏈接】1. I _ like to buy a basketball, but I am short of money.A. could B. would C. must D. might答案：B 解題思路：句意：我想買個(gè)籃球，但是我沒(méi)有錢。would like to do sth. 想做某事。2. My most devoted friend, Professor Chen, _ often go ski

15、ing when he lived in the mountain that was covered with snow.A. would B. should C. could D. might答案：A 解題思路：句意：我最真摯的朋友，陳教授，當(dāng)他住在白雪皚皚的山中時(shí)，常常去滑雪。would表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常性的行為。來(lái)源:Zxxk 考點(diǎn)7 need和dare【用法】1need作“必要講，可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要用于否認(rèn)句和疑問(wèn)句中。也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。后面常接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞，作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)后面的動(dòng)詞不定式要帶to，其變化與一般動(dòng)詞一樣。答復(fù)need 提問(wèn)的問(wèn)句時(shí)與答復(fù)must

16、 提問(wèn)的問(wèn)句一樣，肯定用must，否認(rèn)用neednt/dont have to。2dare表示“敢的意思。作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用于疑問(wèn)句和否認(rèn)句中。dare 假設(shè)作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，后面可接帶to的不定式，此時(shí)的to可以省略。dare 與need 的用法相似?！纠洹縼?lái)源:1ZXXKI need to think it over.我需要仔細(xì)想想。Need you go now?你如今必須去嗎？Yes, I must. / No, I neednt 是的，我必須去。/不，我不必如今去。She doesnt daretoask her father.她不敢問(wèn)她的父親?！究碱}鏈接】1. Tom _ show hi

17、s poor exam results to his parents. A. dare not B. dare C. dare to D. dares not to 答案：A 解題思路：句意：湯姆不敢給他的父母看那可憐的考試成績(jī)。dare既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞；作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)否認(rèn)句直接加not，后面接動(dòng)詞原形；而作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面用不定式，并且否認(rèn)句用助動(dòng)詞do或does.所以選A。2. You _read that article if you dont want to.A. cant B. mustnt C. oughtnt D. neednt答案：D 解題思路：考察情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：假

18、如你不想讀那篇文章你就不需要讀。此處的neednt相當(dāng)于dont have to。A項(xiàng)cant意為“不可能；不能；B項(xiàng)mustnt意為“不可以，千萬(wàn)不能；C項(xiàng)明顯不正確，ought需與to連用。即學(xué)即練1. A pilots job _ be boring, and they often _ work at inconvenient hours.A. can; have to B. may; canC. have to; may D. ought to; must答案：A 解題思路：句意：一個(gè)飛行員的工作可能是枯燥的，并且他們經(jīng)常在不便的時(shí)間工作。第一個(gè)空的can表示“有時(shí)候可能。飛行員的工作

19、可能是很枯燥的。第二個(gè)空用have to表示客觀上“不得不，他們經(jīng)常不得不在不方便的時(shí)候工作。2. According to the management rules of our hotel, all the bills _be paid in cash. A. would B. may C. shall D. could答案：C 解題思路：考察情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：根據(jù)我們賓館的管理規(guī)那么，所有賬單都必須用現(xiàn)金支付。此處的shall表示“規(guī)定。3. There _be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practi

20、ced a lot in the driving school.A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt答案：C 解題思路：考察情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：因?yàn)槟阍隈{校練了很多，所以按道理你通過(guò)路考不會(huì)有什么困難的。此處的shouldnt表示“按道理不應(yīng)該。其他幾項(xiàng)不合語(yǔ)境。4. Are you going to see the film with us?Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead.A. must B. would C. should D. might答案：D 解題思路：考察情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)not sure可知

21、“我可能和你們一起去看電影，也有可能去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)，此處的might相當(dāng)于may，表示不太確定的推測(cè)。二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done考點(diǎn)1 must have done【用法】must have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事或行為比較肯定的推斷，只用于肯定句，可譯為“想必一定，準(zhǔn)是。應(yīng)用的時(shí)候，通常有跡象證明確實(shí)如此?！纠洹縄t must have rained last night, for the road was quite muddy. 昨晚一定下雨了，因?yàn)槁访婧苣酀?。由“路面泥濘這個(gè)跡象推斷出“昨晚下雨?！究碱}鏈接】It _ have been Tom that parked the

22、car here, as he is the only one with a car. A. may B. can C. must D. should 答案：C 解題思路：句意：一定是湯姆把車停在這里的，因?yàn)樗俏ㄒ灰粋€(gè)有車的人。此句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為must have been，用must表示語(yǔ)氣很肯定的推測(cè)。考點(diǎn)2 can/could have done 【用法】1can/could have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推理，用于否認(rèn)句和疑問(wèn)句中，表示對(duì)發(fā)生的行為的驚疑、疑心或不肯定，could 語(yǔ)氣較委婉，“本來(lái)可以，可能已經(jīng)。如用在否認(rèn)句中，否認(rèn)意義最強(qiáng)烈，通常有跡象說(shuō)明根本不可能。2c

23、ould have done 還可用來(lái)表示過(guò)去可能完成而實(shí)際未實(shí)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作或與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反即事實(shí)上并沒(méi)有發(fā)生過(guò)的動(dòng)作?！纠洹縒here can they have gone? 他們能去哪兒呢？表驚疑They could have gone to the cinema.他們可能去電影院了。表不肯定I met him at school yesterday afternoon, so he couldnt have attended your lecture. 昨天下午我在學(xué)校遇見(jiàn)他了，因此他不可能參加你的講座。有跡象說(shuō)明的，強(qiáng)烈地否認(rèn)【考題鏈接】You_ her. She is still in

24、 ParisA. cant have seen B. must have seen C. might have seen D. may have seen答案：A 解題思路：句意：由于她如今還在巴黎，所以你不可能見(jiàn)過(guò)她。cant have done sth.意為“過(guò)去不可能做某事；must have done sth.意為“過(guò)去一定做了某事；might/may have done sth.意為“過(guò)去可能做了某事?？键c(diǎn)3 may/might have done【用法】1may/might have done 表示對(duì)過(guò)去的行為的推斷，為“想必已經(jīng)，也許是的含義，可用在肯定句和否認(rèn)句中，may 與m

25、ight 表示可能性時(shí)may的可能性較大，在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，常根據(jù)主句或從句是如今時(shí)或過(guò)去時(shí)而選擇may 或might，盡管may與might不表示時(shí)態(tài)。2may/might have done的推測(cè)語(yǔ)氣并不非常強(qiáng)烈，常指毫無(wú)根據(jù)的推測(cè)，無(wú)論是用于肯定句還是否認(rèn)句中?！纠洹縄 thought I might have failed in the exam, but in fact I came in the top 10 % in the class. 我認(rèn)為我可能沒(méi)通過(guò)考試，但實(shí)際上我在班級(jí)中處于10% 的好學(xué)生中。John isnt at home, I think he may have

26、gone to school. 約翰不在家，我想他可能去學(xué)校了吧?！究碱}鏈接】The missing children havent been found yet. Something terrible _ to them. A. may happen B. should have happenedC. must happen D. might have happened答案：D 解題思路：考察情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)。句意：那些失蹤的孩子還沒(méi)有找到。可能他們身上發(fā)生了可怕的事情。通過(guò)句意可知是對(duì)過(guò)去的事件的推測(cè)，應(yīng)選B和D；B表示“本應(yīng)該，不是推測(cè)，應(yīng)選?？键c(diǎn)4 shouldought tohave

27、done【用法】shouldought tohave done用在肯定句中表示過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而沒(méi)有做的動(dòng)作；用在否認(rèn)句中表示過(guò)去不該做的事卻做了，并且都有責(zé)備或遺憾的語(yǔ)氣。【例句】You shouldought tohave returned the book early. 你本該早點(diǎn)歸還這本書(shū)的。You should not have asked such a foolish question. 你本不應(yīng)當(dāng)問(wèn)這樣一個(gè)愚蠢的問(wèn)題。表責(zé)備【考題鏈接】The bike has broken down many times since I bought it.Well, they _ have paid

28、 more attention to quality.A. must B. can C. may D. should答案：D 解題思路：考察情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：自從我買了這輛自行車，它壞了好屢次了。哦，他們本該多關(guān)注質(zhì)量的。should have done表示“本該做某事卻沒(méi)做?？键c(diǎn)5 neednt have done【用法】neednt have done表示抱怨或懊悔等，指過(guò)去做了其實(shí)不必做的事，意為“本可不必，滿可以不。didnt need to do sth. 沒(méi)有必要去做某事。【例句】You neednt have visited my uncle, as he has been all

29、 right for a long time. 其實(shí)你不必去探望我叔叔的，因?yàn)樗讶瞄L(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間了?！究碱}鏈接】1. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday, I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. A. should have taken B. could have takenC. neednt have taken D. mustnt have taken答案：C 解題思路：句意：結(jié)果昨天天氣很好，我本來(lái)沒(méi)有必要自找費(fèi)事帶著傘的。neednt have done表示“本來(lái)沒(méi)有必要做的事卻做

30、了。 2. I _ up early this morning, so I stayed in bed until 8 oclock am. A. neednt have got B. didnt need to getC. shouldnt have got D. cant have got答案：B 解題思路：句意：我今天上午不必早起床，所以我在床上一直待到8點(diǎn)。need用作行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，前面借助助動(dòng)詞do表示否認(rèn)或者疑問(wèn)。此句中的didnt need to do sth. 表示“沒(méi)有必要做某事未做；neednt have done sth. 表示“做了一件沒(méi)有必要做的事；shouldnt h

31、ave done sth. 表示“做了不應(yīng)該做的事，是一種表示責(zé)備的語(yǔ)氣；cant have done sth. 表示“一定沒(méi)有做過(guò)某事。即學(xué)即練1. Whats the matter with Peter? He was seen crying when he was coming out of the office. He _ by the manager. A. may be scolded B. should have been scoldedC. must be scolded D. must have been scolded答案：D 解題思路：考察情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法?！癿ust + have + 過(guò)去分詞，表示對(duì)過(guò)去某事或某種情況的肯定的猜測(cè)，只能用于肯定的陳述句。答句句意：當(dāng)他從辦公室里出來(lái)時(shí)，被看到在哭。他一定是被經(jīng)理責(zé)備了。2. Jenny took the 9: 10 bus to Hangzhou this morning. Really