unit_1living a full life

1、高等院校研究生英語(yǔ)系列教材綜合教程上綜合教程上INTEGRATED COURSEINTEGRATED COURSE2Unit 1 Living A Full Life Task 1Discuss with members of your group what is/are the most important element(s) for living a full life. You may choose one or more from the following list or provide your own answer. Then give reasons why you have

2、 made such a choice. a good appearance close friends a happy mindset a good neighborhood perfect health an absorbing hobby a good job lottery winnings a happy family Comprehension question:Comprehension question:What is happiness?Happiness is a state of mind or feeling characterized by contentment,

3、love, satisfaction, pleasure, or joy. A variety of biological, psychological, religious, and philosophical approaches have striven to define happiness and identify its sources.Reading FocusCritical ThinkingWatch a clip from The Pursuit of Happiness in which Christophers wife just left him. Discuss w

4、ith your partner how people should pursue happiness. This movie was inspired by a true story. Chris Gardner (Will Smith) is a family man struggling to make ends meet. Despite his valiant attempts to help keep the family afloat, the mother (Thandie Newton) of his five-year-old son Christopher (Jaden

5、Christopher Syre Smith) is buckling under the constant strain of financial pressure. No longer able to cope, she reluctantly decides to leave. Chris, now a single father, continues doggedly to pursue a better-paying job using every sales skill he knows. He lands an internship at a prestigious stock

6、brokerage firm, and although there is no salary, he accepts, hopeful he will end the program with a job and a promising future. Without a financial cushion, Chris and his son are soon evicted from their apartment and forced to sleep in shelters, bus stations, bathrooms, or wherever they can find ref

7、uge for the night. Despite his troubles, Chris continues to honor his commitment as a loving and caring father, using the affection and trust his son has placed in him as an impetus to overcome the obstacles he faces. - Hello? - Hey, yeah.Sorry I couldnt make it home on time.- Chris, I missed my shi

8、ft. - Yeah, I know. Im sorry about that.Look, Im on my way right now. Are you all right with Christopher?Im leaving. Chris, Im leaving.- What? - Did you hear what I said?I have my things together, and Im taking our son.and were gonna leave now.Im gonna put the phone down.- Linda, wait a minute. Hold

9、 it, hold. - Im going to leave. We are leaving.It was right then that I started thinking about Thomas Jefferson.the Declaration of Independence.and the part about our right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.And I remember thinking:How did he know to put the pursuit part in there?That may

10、be happiness is something that we can only pursue.And maybe we can actually never have it.no matter what.How did he know that?Linda. Linda.Discuss in groups the following questions.1. Have you had the experience of going through a very difficult situation and coming out as a better person? Or do you

11、 know someone who has experienced this?2. Unlike those who are so unfortunate to have been struck by diseases or who have been forced to go through extreme difficulties in life, some people choose to voluntarily take adventures or challenges, like extreme sports, to push themselves to limits. Why do

12、 these people do so and what can they obtain from these experiences?Reading FocusCritical ThinkingThe Hidden Side of HappinessGlobal Understanding1Introduction2Authors Comment3Conclusion(Paras. 1-3)(Paras. 4-17)(Para. 18)The Hidden Side of Happiness Kathleen McGowan1. Hurricanes, house fires, cancer

13、 whitewater rafting激流漂筏失事激流漂筏失事 accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways小小巷巷. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal痛苦的磨難痛苦的磨難 ultimately changes them for the better. Their refrain might go something like this : “I

14、wish it hadnt happened, but Im a better person for it.Whitewater rafting 激流漂流。激流漂流。 An recreational activity using an inflatable (可充氣的可充氣的 raft to navigate a river or other bodies of water. hurricane: 颶風(fēng)颶風(fēng) e.g. In America, Hurricane Katrina turned New Orleans from a stable, wealthy and vibrant city

15、into a wasteland in a few days. typhoon 臺(tái)風(fēng)臺(tái)風(fēng) monsoon 季風(fēng)季風(fēng) 與季風(fēng)相伴的雨季與季風(fēng)相伴的雨季 trade wind 信風(fēng)信風(fēng)Language Point vicious: violent and cruel in a way that hurts someone physicallye.g. a vicious murder a vicious killer2 very unkind in a way that is intended to hurt someones feelings or make their character se

16、em bad, e.g. She was shocked by the vicious tone in his voice.malicious, evil, violent, savage, cruel, fierceLanguage Point Their refrain might go sth. like this: refrain: n. a remark or idea that is often repeated 重復(fù)重復(fù)e.g. Their proposal met with constant refrain that it was impractical.e.g. . I ma

17、de a terrific effort to refrain from tears.refrain: v. to hold oneself back; forbeare.g. Refrain from using such coarse language. 別使用這樣的粗俗的語(yǔ)言。別使用這樣的粗俗的語(yǔ)言。Language Point 2 We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations perhaps because they testify to a bona fide

18、 type of psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest. In fact

19、, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives have subsequently in some ways improved.perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truthbona fide: adj. made or carried out in good faith; sinceree.g. There are few bona fide readers but many dippers. 真

20、誠(chéng)精讀的人很少，但粗讀者卻很多。真誠(chéng)精讀的人很少，但粗讀者卻很多。e.g. a bona fide Rembrandtbona fide: adj. authentic; genuineLanguage Point There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances.flourish: develop well and be successful e.g. The economy is booming and small businesses are flo

21、urishing.thrivee.g. Children thrive when given plenty of love and attention.See：develop, bloom, grow, prosperLanguage Point 我們都愛(ài)聽(tīng)人們經(jīng)歷苦難后發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變的故事，可能我們都愛(ài)聽(tīng)人們經(jīng)歷苦難后發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變的故事，可能是因?yàn)檫@些故事證實(shí)了一條真正的心理學(xué)上的真理，是因?yàn)檫@些故事證實(shí)了一條真正的心理學(xué)上的真理，這條真理有時(shí)會(huì)湮沒(méi)在無(wú)數(shù)關(guān)于災(zāi)難的報(bào)道中：在這條真理有時(shí)會(huì)湮沒(méi)在無(wú)數(shù)關(guān)于災(zāi)難的報(bào)道中：在最困難的境況中，人所具有的一種內(nèi)在的發(fā)奮向上最困難的境況中，人所具有的一種內(nèi)在的發(fā)奮

22、向上的能力會(huì)迸發(fā)出來(lái)。對(duì)那些令人極度恐慌的經(jīng)歷做的能力會(huì)迸發(fā)出來(lái)。對(duì)那些令人極度恐慌的經(jīng)歷做出積極回應(yīng)的并不僅限于最堅(jiān)強(qiáng)或最勇敢的人實(shí)際出積極回應(yīng)的并不僅限于最堅(jiān)強(qiáng)或最勇敢的人實(shí)際上，大約半數(shù)與逆境抗?fàn)庍^(guò)的人都說(shuō)他們的生活從上，大約半數(shù)與逆境抗?fàn)庍^(guò)的人都說(shuō)他們的生活從此在某些方面有了改善。此在某些方面有了改善。Language Point Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest.Positive responses only ha

23、ppen to the toughest and the bravest people.Anyone could obtain positive outcomes from difficult experiences.Only the toughest and the bravest people will undergo disturbing circumstances.The toughest and the bravest people are more likely to encounter profoundly disturbing experiences.3. This and o

24、ther promising findings about the life-changing effects of crises are the province范圍范圍 of the new science of post-traumatic growth創(chuàng)傷后成長(zhǎng)創(chuàng)傷后成長(zhǎng). This fledgling field新興領(lǐng)域新興領(lǐng)域 has already proved the truth of what once passed as bromide意在使人消氣卻沒(méi)效果的意在使人消氣卻沒(méi)效果的話話: what doesnt kill you can actually make you s

25、tronger. Post-traumatic stress is far from the only possible outcome. In the wake of even the most terrifying experiences, only a small proportion of adults become chronically troubled. More commonly, people rebound-or even eventually thrive. This fledgling field has already proved the truth of what

26、 once passed as bromide: fledgling: a fledgling state or organization has only recently been formed and is still developing e.g. Nursed the fledgling business through an economic downturn. A fledgling democratic country Language Point In the wake of even the most terrifying experiences, only a small

27、 proportion of adults become chronically troubled. in the wake of: following or as a result of sth 緊跟、效仿緊跟、效仿e.g. In the wake of the crisis, the US was now burdened with soaring borrowing, high unemployment, and collapsing house prices.他指出他指出,金融危機(jī)過(guò)后金融危機(jī)過(guò)后,目前美國(guó)承受著借款飆升、失業(yè)目前美國(guó)承受著借款飆升、失業(yè)率高企和房?jī)r(jià)崩潰的重壓。率高企和

28、房?jī)r(jià)崩潰的重壓。 The figures do not include restrictions on pork imports implemented by 39 countries in the wake of the swine flu outbreak. 該數(shù)字不包括豬流感爆發(fā)后該數(shù)字不包括豬流感爆發(fā)后,39個(gè)國(guó)家采取的限制豬肉個(gè)國(guó)家采取的限制豬肉進(jìn)口的措施。進(jìn)口的措施。 Language Point Global UnderstandingMain idea: Many people find that enduring a harrowing ordeal _.There seem

29、s to be a built-in human capacity to _.What doesnt kill you can actually make you stronger.ultimately changes them for the betterflourish under the most difficult circumstancesMain idea: People who have suffered the most, who have beenforced to contend with shocks they never anticipated and torethin

30、k the meaning of their lives, _. may have the most totell us about that profound and intensely fulfillingjourney that philosophers used to call the searchGlobal Understandingfor “the good life4. Those who weather adversity逆境逆境 well are living proof of the paradoxes of happiness. We need more than pl

31、easure to live the best possible life. Our contemporary quest for happiness has shriveled to a hunt for bliss福氣福氣 a life protected from bad feelings, free from pain and confusion. Those who weather adversity well are living proof of the paradoxes of happiness. paradox: a person, thing or situation t

32、hat has two opposite features and therefore seems strange e.g. He was a paradox-a loner who loved to chat to strangers. The paradox is that fishermen would catch more fish if they fished less.Language Point Weather： v. to come through a very difficult situation safely.e.g. The police department has

33、weathered the storm of criticism after the incident. He said it was a “special policy to weather the financial crisis. Our contemporary quest for happiness has shriveled to a hunt for bliss.Quest: n. the act or an instance of seeking or pursuing something; a searche.g. in quest of employmentquest (f

34、or): v. seek after quest for improvement /hidden treasuresSee: pursue, seek, search Language Point shrivel: v. 1) if something shrivels, it becomes smaller and its surface is covered in lines because it is very dry or old. e. g. Why do Kates onions grow so well while Johns shrivel and rot in the gro

35、und?2) Gradually become less and less or smaller and smaller. e.g. Profits have shriveled since the start of the economic crisis. bliss: perfect happiness or enjoyment e.g. I dont have to get up till eleven. It was sheer bliss. This enjoyment of beauty fills me with such contentment and bliss that I

36、 can find no words to express my admiration for the designer. Those who weather adversity well are living proof of the paradoxes of happiness.A. Those who experience different weather conditions can find happiness.B. Weathermen are most likely to experience the paradoxes of happiness.C. Those who co

37、me out of a difficult situation soundly are the best examples of the paradoxes of happiness.D. People gain happiness and sorrow if they handle adversity well.We need more than pleasure to live the best possible life.The best possible life of humans depends on whether they are happy.The best possible

38、 life comes from pleasure.The best possible life needs more pleasure.A. Pleasure is not the only thing that contributes to the best life.5. This anodyne definition of wee-being leaves out the better half of the story, the rich, full joy that comes from a meaningful life. It is the dark matter of hap

39、piness, the ineffable 不可言喻的不可言喻的quality we admire in wise men and women and aspire to cultivate in our lives. It turns out that some of the people who have suffered the most, who have been forced to contend with shocks they never anticipated and to rethink the meaning of their lives, may have the mo

40、st to tell us about that profound and intensely fulfilling journey that philosophers used to call the search for “the good life.Anodyne: adj. expressed in a way that is unlikely to offend anyone e.g. Look at the reaction in India to some fairly anodyne comments by President George W. Bush. 不妨看一看不妨看一

41、看, 在美國(guó)總統(tǒng)喬治在美國(guó)總統(tǒng)喬治-布什布什(George W. Bush)發(fā)表了一些不痛不癢的評(píng)論之后發(fā)表了一些不痛不癢的評(píng)論之后,印度人做出了什印度人做出了什么樣的反響。么樣的反響。 Anodyne: n. a medicine that reduces pain. 止痛劑止痛劑Contend: v. to compete against someone in order to gain something contend for: e.g. Ten teams are contending for the title.have to contend with: have to deal

42、with something difficult or bad e.g. As the world gets warmer, humans will have to contend with more and more diseases.Contend : v. to argue or state that something is truee.g. The authors /think/believe/argue/contend/maintain/insist/assert/hold/observe/note that it is necessary to distinguish betwe

43、en these words. It turns out that some of the people who have suffered the most, who have been forced to contend with shocks they never anticipated and to rethink the meaning of their lives, may have the most to tell us about that profound and intensely fulfilling journey that philosophers used to c

44、all the search for “the good life.有證明顯示，那些遭受最多痛苦的人，那些被迫和他們從未有證明顯示，那些遭受最多痛苦的人，那些被迫和他們從未預(yù)料到的震撼作斗爭(zhēng)，并且思考自己生命意義的人，也許預(yù)料到的震撼作斗爭(zhēng)，并且思考自己生命意義的人，也許能就深?yuàn)W而極具成就感的經(jīng)歷給予我們最多的意見(jiàn)。哲學(xué)能就深?yuàn)W而極具成就感的經(jīng)歷給予我們最多的意見(jiàn)。哲學(xué)家們過(guò)去把這一探尋稱之為家們過(guò)去把這一探尋稱之為“美好的生活。美好的生活。6. This broader definition of good living blends deep satisfaction and a prof

45、ound connection to others through empathy. It is dominated by happy feelings but seasoned also with nostalgia鄉(xiāng)愁鄉(xiāng)愁 and regret. “Happiness is only one among many values in human life, contends Laura King, a psychologist at the University of Missouri in Columbia. Compassion, wisdom, altruism無(wú)私無(wú)私, insig

46、ht, creativity- sometimes only the trials of adversity can foster these qualities, because sometimes only drastic situations can force us to take on the painful process of change. To live a full human life, a tranquil, carefree existence is not enough. We also need to grow and sometimes growing hurt

47、s. The broader definition of good living blends deep satisfaction and a profound connection to others through empathy.empathy: n. Identification with and understanding of anothers situation, feelings, and motives; pitye.g. Empathy, the ability to put oneself in the shoes of another, is the foundatio

48、n of the moral sense.because sometimes only drastic situations can force us to take on the painful process of change.take on: To undertake or begin to handle e.g. take on extra responsibilities7. In a dark room in Queens, New York, 31-year-old fashion designer Tracy Cyr believed she was dying. A few

49、 months before, she had stopped taking the powerful immune-suppressing drugs免疫抑制藥免疫抑制藥 that kept her arthritis關(guān)關(guān)節(jié)炎節(jié)炎 in check受控制受控制. She never anticipated what would happen: a withdrawal reaction that eventually left her in total body agony and neurological 神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的meltdown徹底徹底垮臺(tái)垮臺(tái). The slightest

50、movement- trying to swallow, for example - was excruciating痛苦不堪的痛苦不堪的. Even the pressure of her cheek on the pillow was almost unbearable.She had stopped taking the powerful immune-suppressing drugs that kept her arthritis in check. keep/hold in check: to keep someone or something under control; to

51、restrain someone or something. e.g. I was so angry I could hardly hold myself in check.Would you please keep your voice in check? 你將嗓門(mén)壓低一點(diǎn)好嗎你將嗓門(mén)壓低一點(diǎn)好嗎? 8. Cyr is no wimp懦弱無(wú)用的人懦弱無(wú)用的人 - diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎 at the age of two, she had endured the symptoms and the t

52、reatments (drugs, surgery) her whole life. But this time, she was way past her limits, and nothing her doctors did seemed to help. Either the disease was going to kill her or, pretty soon, she felt she might have to kill herself.But this time, she was way past her limits. way: adv. By a great distan

53、ce or to a great degree; far大大地，非常地大大地，非常地e.g. way off base; way too expensive遠(yuǎn)離根底；大大超過(guò)預(yù)算遠(yuǎn)離根底；大大超過(guò)預(yù)算9. As her sleepless nights wore on though, her suicidal thoughts began to be interrupted by new feelings of gratitude. She was still in agony, but a new consciousness grew stronger each night: an awes

54、ome sense of liberation, combined with an all-encompassing feeling of sympathy and compassion. “I felt stripped of everything Id ever identified myself with, she said six months later. “ Everything I thought Id known or believed in was useless- time, money, self-image, perception. Recognizing that w

55、as so freeing.As her sleepless nights wore onwear on: pass slowly (of time)e.g. As the evening wear on, she become more and more nervous.I felt stripped of everything Id ever identified myself with. strip: v. to deprive of honors, rank, office, privileges, or possessions; divest; to remove all exces

56、s detail from; reduce to essentials.e.g. It would strip your honor from you, and leave you naked.e.g. 大象剝?nèi)チ藰?shù)上的葉子。大象剝?nèi)チ藰?shù)上的葉子。Elephants strip the leaves from trees.10. Within a few months, she began to be able to move more freely, thanks to a cocktail of steroids and other drugs. She says now theres n

57、o question that her life is better. “felt I had been shown the secret of life and why were here: to be happy and to nurture other life. Its that simple.Argument 1: (para. 6-10)Happiness is only one among many values inhuman life. Sometimes only _can foster such qualities as _ because _.Example: 31-y

58、ear-old fashion designer Tracy Cyr. “I felt I hadbeen shown the secret of life and why were here: to be happyand to nurture other life. Its that simple.the trials of adversityinsight, creativitycompassion, wisdom, altruism,Global Understandingsometimes onlydrastic situations can force us to take on

59、the painful process of change11. Her mind-blowing experience came as a total surprise. But that feeling of transformation is in some ways typical, transitional sentence) says Rich Tedeschi, a professor of psychology at the University of North Carolina in Charlotte who coined the term “ post-traumati

60、c growth. His studies of people who have endured extreme events, like combat, violent crime or sudden serious illness show that most feel dazed and anxious in the immediate aftermath; they are preoccupied with the idea that their lives have been shattered. A few are haunted long afterward by memory