基于單片機(jī)的水位控制系統(tǒng)外文翻譯

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上譯文： 水位檢測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)中國(guó)水之源總量居世界第六位，人均占有水資源量?jī)H為世界人均占有量的四分之一，并且在地域上分布很不平衡，長(zhǎng)江以北的廣大地區(qū)，特別是北方大、中城市大部分地區(qū)處于缺水狀態(tài)，水資源短缺已成為制約我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的一個(gè)重要因素。合理的利用水資源已成為我國(guó)現(xiàn)在面臨的一個(gè)重要問題。為了達(dá)到水資源的合理利用，除了要在興修水利工程和提高全民節(jié)水意識(shí)等方面努力提高。而更重要的是應(yīng)用新的技術(shù)信息，實(shí)時(shí)準(zhǔn)確的了解和掌握各種水情信息，以此根據(jù)做出正確的水資源調(diào)度和管理，做到防患于未然，盡可能減少水資源的浪費(fèi)。再加上長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)水情水位測(cè)量一直是水文、水利部門的重要課題。為及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)事故

2、苗頭，防患于未來(lái)，經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用、可靠的水位無(wú)線監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)將會(huì)發(fā)揮巨大的作用。水位是水庫(kù)大壩安全、水利排灌調(diào)度、蓄水、泄洪的重要參數(shù)之一。水位的自動(dòng)化監(jiān)測(cè)、傳輸和處理為水庫(kù)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)提供了良好的基礎(chǔ)資料。在工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的許多領(lǐng)域都需要對(duì)水位進(jìn)行監(jiān)控。在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)可能無(wú)法靠近或無(wú)需人力來(lái)監(jiān)控時(shí)，我們就可以通過遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控，坐在監(jiān)控室里對(duì)著相關(guān)的儀器就能對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行監(jiān)控，既方便又節(jié)省人力。為了保證水利發(fā)電站的安全生產(chǎn),提高發(fā)電效率,水電站生產(chǎn)過程需要對(duì)水庫(kù)水位、攔污柵壓差和尾水位進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)。但是,由于不同電站有著不同的實(shí)際情況,因此就有著不同的技術(shù)要求,而且水位參數(shù)的測(cè)量方法和測(cè)量位置不同，對(duì)監(jiān)測(cè)設(shè)備的要求亦有所不同。這

3、樣往往造成監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)設(shè)備專用化程度高,品種多,互換性差,不利于設(shè)備維護(hù),亦增加了設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)、生產(chǎn)、安裝的復(fù)雜性。因此,在綜合研究水電站水位監(jiān)測(cè)的實(shí)際情況以及特點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,利用現(xiàn)代電子技術(shù),特別是單片機(jī)技術(shù)和不揮發(fā)存儲(chǔ)器技術(shù),設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)一種通用性好,可靠性高,維護(hù)方便,可適用于多種監(jiān)測(cè)環(huán)境的多模式水位自動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)具有重要的實(shí)際意義。本課題根據(jù)水庫(kù)的水位測(cè)量需要,設(shè)計(jì)遠(yuǎn)程單片機(jī)水位監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)，系統(tǒng)具有水位的自動(dòng)檢測(cè)、定時(shí)處理、數(shù)據(jù)GPRS遠(yuǎn)程上傳等功能。該監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)將會(huì)大大節(jié)省了人力物力，能夠低功耗的實(shí)現(xiàn)24小時(shí)連續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)和上傳，實(shí)時(shí)控制水庫(kù)水位，更好的適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代水位測(cè)量的需求，為水庫(kù)的大壩的安全、蓄水泄

4、洪等提供依據(jù)。單片機(jī)作為嵌入式微控制器在工業(yè)測(cè)控系統(tǒng)，智能儀器和家用電器中得到廣泛應(yīng)用。在實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)和自動(dòng)控制的單片機(jī)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)中,單片機(jī)往往是作為一個(gè)核心部件來(lái)使用。水塔基于單片機(jī)的水位控制系統(tǒng) 的基本要求是能夠在無(wú)人監(jiān)控的情況下自動(dòng)進(jìn)行工作，在水塔中的水位到達(dá)水位下限時(shí)自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)電機(jī)，給水塔供水；在水塔水位達(dá)到水位上限的時(shí)候自動(dòng)關(guān)閉電機(jī)，停止供水。并能在供水系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)異常的時(shí)候能夠發(fā)出警報(bào)，以及時(shí)排除故障，隨時(shí)保證水塔的對(duì)外的正常供水作用。水塔是在日常生活和工業(yè)應(yīng)用中經(jīng)常見到的蓄水裝置，通過對(duì)其水位的控制對(duì)外供水以滿足需要，其水位控制具有普遍性。不論社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)如何飛速，水在人們正常生活和生產(chǎn)中起著重

5、要的作用。一旦斷了水，輕則給人民生活帶來(lái)極大的不便，重則可能造成嚴(yán)重的生產(chǎn)事故及損失，從而對(duì)供水系統(tǒng)提出了更高的要求，滿足及時(shí)、準(zhǔn)確、安全充足的供水。如果仍然使用人工方式，勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大，工作效率低，安全性難以保障，由此必須進(jìn)行自動(dòng)化控制系統(tǒng)的改造。從而實(shí)現(xiàn)提供足夠的水量、平穩(wěn)的水壓、水塔水位的自動(dòng)控制有設(shè)計(jì)低成本、高實(shí)用價(jià)值的控制器。該設(shè)計(jì)采用分立的電路實(shí)現(xiàn)超高、低警戒水位處理,實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)控制,而達(dá)到節(jié)能的目的,提高了供水系統(tǒng)的質(zhì)量。單片機(jī)是一種集成在電路芯片，是采用超大規(guī)模集成電路技術(shù)把具有數(shù)據(jù)處理能力的中央處理器CPU隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器RAM、只讀存儲(chǔ)器ROM、多種I/O口和中斷系統(tǒng)、定時(shí)器/計(jì)時(shí)器等

6、功能（可能還包括顯示驅(qū)動(dòng)電路、脈寬調(diào)制電路、模擬多路轉(zhuǎn)換器、A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器等電路）集成到一塊硅片上構(gòu)成的一個(gè)小而完善的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)?；咎攸c(diǎn)如下：芯片雖小，五臟俱全，是單片機(jī)主要特點(diǎn)之一。其內(nèi)部設(shè)有程序存儲(chǔ)器、數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器、各種接口電路。而大型的處理器運(yùn)算速度較高，運(yùn)算器位數(shù)較多，處理能力較強(qiáng)，但需要在外部配置接口電路;單片機(jī)主頻一般在100MHZ以下，適合用于獨(dú)立工作的小型產(chǎn)品之中，引腳數(shù)量從幾個(gè)到百余個(gè)。應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)單、靈活，可用匯編語(yǔ)言及C語(yǔ)言開發(fā)單片機(jī)產(chǎn)品。單片機(jī)的工作過程：?jiǎn)纹瑱C(jī)自動(dòng)完成賦予它的任務(wù)的過程，也就是單片機(jī)執(zhí)行程序的過程，即一條條執(zhí)行的指令的過程，所謂指令就是把要求單片機(jī)執(zhí)行的各種操

7、作用的命令的形式寫下來(lái)，這是在設(shè)計(jì)人員賦予它的指令系統(tǒng)所決定的，一條指令對(duì)應(yīng)著一種基本操作；單片機(jī)所能執(zhí)行的全部指令，就是該單片機(jī)的指令系統(tǒng)，不同種類的單片機(jī)，其指令系統(tǒng)亦不同。為使單片機(jī)能自動(dòng)完成某一特定任務(wù)，必須把要解決的問題編成一系列指令（這些指令必須是選定單片機(jī)能識(shí)別和執(zhí)行的指令），這一系列指令的集合就成為程序，程序需要預(yù)先存放在具有存儲(chǔ)功能的部件存儲(chǔ)器中。存儲(chǔ)器由許多存儲(chǔ)單元（最小的存儲(chǔ)單位）組成，就像大樓房有許多房間組成一樣，指令就存放在這些單元里，單元里的指令取出并執(zhí)行就像大樓房的每個(gè)房間的被分配到了唯一一個(gè)房間號(hào)一樣，每一個(gè)存儲(chǔ)單元也必須被分配到唯一的地址號(hào)，該地址號(hào)稱為存儲(chǔ)單

8、元的地址，這樣只要知道了存儲(chǔ)單元的地址，就可以找到這個(gè)存儲(chǔ)單元，其中存儲(chǔ)的指令就可以被取出，然后再被執(zhí)行。程序通常是順序執(zhí)行的，所以程序中的指令也是一條條順序存放的，單片機(jī)在執(zhí)行程序時(shí)要能把這些指令一條條取出并加以執(zhí)行，必須有一個(gè)部件能追蹤指令所在的地址，這一部件就是程序計(jì)數(shù)器PC（包含在CPU中），在開始執(zhí)行程序時(shí)，給PC賦以程序中第一條指令所在的地址，然后取得每一條要執(zhí)行的命令，PC在中的內(nèi)容就會(huì)自動(dòng)增加，增加量由本條指令長(zhǎng)度決定，可能是1、2或3，以指向下一條指令的起始地址，保證指令順序執(zhí)行。單片機(jī)高塔基于單片機(jī)的水位控制系統(tǒng) 基本設(shè)計(jì)要求：在高塔的內(nèi)部我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)易的水位探測(cè)傳感器用

9、來(lái)探測(cè)三個(gè)水位，即低水位，正常水位，高水位。低水位時(shí)送給單片機(jī)一個(gè)高電平，驅(qū)動(dòng)水泵加水，紅燈亮；正常范圍的水位時(shí)，水泵加水，綠燈亮；高水位時(shí)，水泵不加水，黃燈亮。本設(shè)計(jì)過程中主要采用了傳感技術(shù)、單片機(jī)技術(shù)、光報(bào)警技術(shù)以及弱電控制強(qiáng)電的技術(shù)。技術(shù)參數(shù)和設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)：1、利用單片機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)高塔進(jìn)行水位的控制；2、把水位探測(cè)傳感器探得高塔中的水位送給單片機(jī)以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)水泵加水系統(tǒng)和顯示系統(tǒng)的控制；3、光報(bào)警顯示統(tǒng)電路4、水泵加水電路由繼電器進(jìn)行控制；5、分析工作原理繪出系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)圖及圖1 系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)圖采用單片機(jī)作為我們的控制芯片,主要工作過程是當(dāng)高塔中的水在低水位時(shí),水位探測(cè)傳感器送給單片機(jī)一個(gè)高電平,然后單片機(jī)

10、驅(qū)動(dòng)水泵加水和顯示系統(tǒng)使紅燈變亮;當(dāng)水位在正常范圍內(nèi)時(shí),水泵加水,綠燈亮,當(dāng)水位在高水位時(shí),單片機(jī)不能驅(qū)動(dòng)水泵加水,黃燈亮。光報(bào)警電路、繼電器控制電路組成工作原理：當(dāng)水位處于低水位的時(shí)候，傳感器的低水位探測(cè)線沒被+5V的電源導(dǎo)通進(jìn)入穩(wěn)壓電路經(jīng)過處理在穩(wěn)壓電路的輸出端有一個(gè)高電平，送入單片機(jī)的P1.0口，另一個(gè)穩(wěn)壓電路輸出的高電平進(jìn)入單片機(jī)的P1.1口單片機(jī)經(jīng)過分析，在P1.2口輸出一低電平，驅(qū)動(dòng)紅燈亮，P1.5出來(lái)一個(gè)信號(hào)使光電耦合器GDOUHE導(dǎo)通，這樣繼電器閉合，使水泵加水；當(dāng)水位處于正常范圍內(nèi)時(shí)，水泵加水，在P1.3引腳出來(lái)一個(gè)低電平，使綠燈亮；當(dāng)水位在高水位區(qū)時(shí)，傳感器的兩根探測(cè)線均被

11、導(dǎo)通，均被+5的電源導(dǎo)通，送入單片機(jī)，單片機(jī)經(jīng)過分析，在P1.4引腳出來(lái)一個(gè)低電平，使黃燈亮，在P1.5端出來(lái)一個(gè)低電平不能使光電耦合器導(dǎo)通，這樣繼電器不能閉合，水泵不能加水；當(dāng)三燈閃爍表示系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)故障。原文：The water level detector design原文來(lái)源： Water source total ranks sixth in the world, per capita water resources is only a quarter of the world per capita consumption, and geographical distribution i

12、s very uneven, the vast region north of the Yangtze River, northin most parts of the medium-sized cities in the dry state, water shortage has become an important factor restricting China's economic development. Reasonable use of water resources has become an important issue for China is now faci

13、ng. In order to achieve the rational use of water resources, in addition to in beefing water conservancy projects and enhance the people's awareness of water conservation efforts to improve. But more important is the application of new technical information, real-time to accurately understand an

14、d master a variety of hydrological information in order to make the right water scheduling and management, so that preventive measures to minimize water wastage . Coupled with long-standing water level measurement of water level has been an important issue in hydrology, water resources department. F

15、or the timely detection of the signs of the accident, precautionary measures in the future, economical and practical, reliable water level wireless monitoring systems will play a major role. The water level of dam safety, one of the important parameters for water drainage and irrigation scheduling,

16、water storage, flood discharge.Provides a good foundation for the automation of monitoring, transmission and processing of the water level reservoir modernization. Need to monitor the water level in many areas of industrial and agricultural production. The site may not be able to close without the m

17、anpower to monitor, we can RMON, sitting in the control room facing the instrument can be monitored on-site, convenient and save manpower. In order to ensure the safe production of hydroelectric power station to improve power generation efficiency, Hydropower production process need to monitor the w

18、ater level in the reservoir, trash rack, pressure drop and the tail water level. However, due to the different power plants with a different factual situations, have different technical requirements, and the measurement methods and location of the water level parameters and also the requirements of

19、the monitoring equipment. This often results in the monitoring system equipment of a high degree of variety, interchangeability is not conducive to the maintenance of equipment will increase the equipment design, production, installation complexity. Therefore, on the basis of the actual situation an

20、d characteristics of the comprehensive study of hydropower water level monitoring, the use of modern electronic technology, especially single-chip technology and non-volatile memory technology, designed to develop a versatile, high reliability, easy maintenance, the applicable a variety of monitorin

21、g the environment, multi-mode automatic water level monitoring system has important practical significance. The subject according to the reservoir water level measurement needs, design a remote microcontroller water level monitoring system, the system automatically detects the water level, time proc

22、essing, Data GPRS remote upload function. The design of the monitoring system will be significant savings in manpower and resources, low-power 24 hours of continuous monitoring and upload real-time control reservoir water level, to better adapt to the needs of the modern water level measurement, the

23、 safety of the dam reservoir, impoundment spillway to provide a basis.Microcontroller embedded microcontrollers are widely used in industrial measurement and control systems, intelligent instruments and household appliances. In real-time detection and automatic control of microcomputer application s

24、ystem, the microcontroller is often as a core component to use. The basic requirements of the water tower water level control system in the case of unattended automatic limit automatically start the motor to reach the water level in the water level in the water tower to the water tower water supply;

25、 water tower water level reached the water level upper limit is automatically off the motor to stop water supply. And unusual time to sound the alarm and troubleshooting in the water supply system at any time to ensure that the towers of the external normal water supply role. The water tower is ofte

26、n seen in daily life and industrial applications, water storage devices, external water supply through the control of its water level to meet the needs of its water level control is universal. Regardless of socio-economic rapid water plays an important role in people's normal life and production

27、. Once off the water, ranging from great inconvenience to the people's living standards, weight is likely to cause serious accidents and losses, and thus a higher demand of water supply system to meet the timely, accurate, safe and adequate water supply. If you still use the artificial way, the

28、labor-intensive, low efficiency, safety is hard to guarantee the transformation of the automated control system, which must be carried out. In order to achieve sufficient amount of water, smooth water pressure, water towers, water level automatic control design low-cost, high practical value of the

29、controller. The design uses a separate circuit to achieve high and low warning level processing, and automatic control, save energy, improve the quality of the water supply system.SCM is an integrated circuit chip, VLSI technology with data processing capability of the central processing unit CPU ra

30、ndom access memory RAM, read only memory ROM, and a variety of I / O port and interrupt system, timers / timer other functions (which may also include a display driver circuit, pulse width modulation circuit, analog multi-channel converter, A / D converter and other circuit) integrated into a silico

31、n constitute a small computer system. The basic features are as follows: the chip is small, but complete, SCM is one of the main features. Its internal program memory, data memory, a variety of interface circuit. Large processor speed is higher, the median more of the arithmetic unit, processing abi

32、lity, but need to be configured in the external interface circuit; microcontroller clocked generally 100MHZ less suitable for small products for independent work, cited pin number from a few hundred. The application is simple, flexible, and free assembly language and C language development of SCM pr

33、oducts. The working process of the microcontroller: microcontroller automatically complete the tasks entrusted to it, that is, single-chip implementation of the procedure for a section of the instruction execution process, the so-called directive requirements for single-chip implementation of the va

34、rious operations used in the form of the command is to write down , which corresponds to a basic operation of designers assigned to it by the instruction set, an instruction; Full instructions can be executed by the microcontroller, the microcontroller instruction set, the different types of single-

35、chip, and its instruction set is also different. So that the microcontroller can automatically complete a specific task, the problem to be solved must be compiled into a series of instructions (these instructions must be selected microcontroller to the identification and implementation of the Direct

36、ive), a collection of this series of instructions to become the program, the program need to pre- stored in the components - memory storage capabilities. Memory is composed by a number of storage units (the smallest unit of storage), like a large building has many rooms composed of the same, the ins

37、tructions stored in these units, the instruction fetch unit and perform like the rooms of large buildings, each assigned to only a room number, each memory cell must be assigned to a unique address number, the address is known as the address of the storage unit, so as long as you know the address of

38、 the storage unit, you can find the storage unit that stores instructions can be removed, and then be executed. Programs are usually executed in the order, instruction program is a sequential storage, single-chip in the implementation of the program to be able to a section of these instructions out

39、and be implemented, there must be a component to track the address of instruction where this part the program counter PC (included in the CPU), the start of program execution, endowed the address where the first instruction of the program to the PC, and then made for each command to be executed, the

40、 PC in the content will automatically increase, increase The amount is determined by the instruction length of this article may be 2 or 3, to point to the starting address of the next instruction to ensure the implementation of the instruction sequence.Microcontroller tower water level control syste

41、m is the basic design requirements: inside the tower, we have designed a simple water level detection sensor used to detect the three water level, the low water level, the normal water level, water level. Low water to give a high single-chip, driven pumps and water, the red light; water level in the

42、 normal range, the pump add water, the green light; high water when the pump without water, the yellow light. The design process using the sensor technology, microcomputer technology, and light alarm technology and weak control the strong power of technology. Technical parameters and design tasks: 1

43、, the use of the MCU to control the water level on the tower;, the water level in the water level detection sensor probe was the tower to give the microcontroller in order to achieve the water pump and water system and display system control; 3, the light alarm display system circuit, pumps and hydropower route relay control;, analysis is drawn on the working principle of the system structure and a system block diagram using the microcontroller as a control chip, the main work process when the water